Boyd's Bible Dictionary: C
James P. Boyd
Table of Contents
Cab
A Jewish dry measure, about a quart (2 Kings 6:25).
Cabbon
(understanding). A town in lowlands of Judah (Josh. 15:40).
Cabins
Cells in a dungeon (Jer. 37:16).
Cabul
(displeasing). (1) A boundary of Asher (Josh. 19:27). (2) The district given to Hiram by Solomon (1 Kings 9:10-14).
Caesar
(hairy, or elephant). With Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar a surname, but with the latter it became official and remained so till the death of Nero. In Luke 2:1, Augustus Caesar is meant; in Luke 3:1, Tiberius Caesar; in Acts 11:28, Claudius Cesar; in Acts 25:8, Philippians 4:22, Nero.
Caesarea
(for Caesar). Political capital of Palestine, on Mediterranean, and official residence of Herodian kings and Roman procurators; home of Philip and Cornelius (Acts 8:40; 10; 11:1-18).
Caesarea Philippi
A city of Galilee marking the northern limit of Christ’s pilgrimage, and probable scene of the configuration (Matt. 16:13-20; 17:1-10; Mark 8:27).
Cage
(hollow). Bird-trap (Jer. 5:27); prison (Rev. 18:2).
Caiaphas
(depression). Appointed high priest by Valerius, and reappointed by Pontius Pilate; A. D. 27-36. Deposed by Vitellius (Matt. 26:3-57; John 11:49-51; 18:13-28; Acts 4:6).
Cain
(possession). (1) Eldest son of Adam (Gen. 4). (2) A city in lowlands of Judah (Josh. 15:57).
Cainan
(possessor). (1) Son of Enos (Gen. 5:9; Luke 3:36). Kenan (1 Chron. 1:2). (2) Son of Arphaxad (Luke 3:36).
Cake
[BREAD.]
Calah
(old age). City of Assyria (Gen. 10:11).
Calamus
(reed). (Ex. 30:23, Song of Sol. 4:14, Ezek. 27:19), identified with the lemon-grass, or sweet-flag. “Sweet cane” (Isa. 43:24, Jer. 6:20).
Calcol
(nourishment). A Judahite (1 Chron. 2:6).
Caldron
(hot). A vessel for boiling meats (1 Sam. 2:14; 2 Chron. 35:13; Job 41:20; Mic. 3:3).
Caleb
(capable). (1) Son of Hezron (1 Chron. 2:18,19,42,50). Chelubai (1 Chron. 2:9). (2) The spy of Judah (Num. 13:6; Josh. 14; 15; 1 Sam. 30:14). (3) Son of Hur (1 Chron. 2:50). (4) Caleb’s district (1 Sam. 30:14).
Calf
Fatted calf a luxury (Gen. 18:7; 1 Sam. 28:24; Amos 6:4; Luke 15:23). Molten calf (Ex. 32:4; 1 Kings 12:28), gilded structures. Calf worship denounced (Hos. 8; 10; 13:2). “Calves of our lips” (Hos. 14:2), fruits of our lips.
Calneh, Calno
(fortress). A city of Nimrod (Gen. 10:10; Amos 6:2; Isa. 10:9). Canneh (Ezek. 27:23).
Calvary
(skull). Latin for Greek Kranion, “skull” (referring to shape), and Hebrew “Golgotha.” Spot of crucifixion. Calvary, only in Luke 23:33.
Camel
(carrier). The Arabian, or one-humped camel, generally meant. Used for carriage, and source of wealth (Gen. 12:16; Judg. 7:12; 2 Chron. 14:15; Job 1:3; 42:12; Isa. 30:6). An unclean beast (Lev. 11:4). Hair used for clothing (2 Kings 1:8; Zech. 13:4; Matt. 3:4). Figuratively for something beyond human power (Matt. 19:24; 23:24).
Camon
(straw). Burial place of Jair (Judg. 10:5).
Camp
[ENCAMPMENT.]
Camphire
The gum of the camphor-tree. But in Song of Sol. 1:14; 4:13; the Cyprus flower or henna.
Cana
(reedy). A town of Galilee, 7 mi. N. of Nazareth (John 2:1-11; 4:46; 21:2).
Canaan
(low). (1) Fourth son of Ham (Gen. 10:6-19; 1 Chron. 1:8-13). (2) The country between the Mediterranean and Jordan, given by God to the Israelites (Ex. 6:4; Lev. 25:38). “Holy Land,” after the captivity (Zech. 2:13). Palestine, from Philistia.
Canaanite
Dwellers in Canaan, and all tribes known to the Israelites at time of conquest (Gen. 10:18-20; 13:7; 14:7; 15:20; Num. 13:29; Josh. 11:3; 24:11).
Candace
(queen of servants). The Ethiopian queen whose servant was converted (Acts 8:27).
Candlestick
The golden candlestick rather a lamp (Ex. 25:31-37; 37:17-24). Ten candelabra used instead, in Solomon’s temple (1 Kings 7:49).
Cane
[CALAMUS.]
Canker-worm
(cancer-worm). A variety of caterpillar. But in Joel 1:4; 2:25; Nahum 3:15-16, probably an undeveloped locust.
Canneh
(Ezek. 27:23). [CALNEH.]
Canon
(cane, rule). Word first applied to the Scriptures by Amphilochius about A. D. 380 (Gal. 6:16; Phil. 3:16). O. T. canon fixed by the Jews, and accepted by Christ and his times. N. T. canon ratified by third council of Carthage, A. D. 397.
Canticles
(song of songs). The Latinized title of “The Song of Solomon.”
Capernaum
(hamlet of Nahum). A city on N. W. shore of Sea of Galilee. Chief residence of Christ and his apostles (Matt. 4:12-16; 8:5; 9:1; 17:24; Mark 2:1; Luke 7:1-5; John 6:17).
Caphar
(hamlet). Common Hebrew prefix.
Caphtor, Caphtorim
Either Philistines or Copts of Egypt (Gen. 10:14; Deut. 2:23; Jer. 47:4; Amos 9:7).
Cappadocia
(fine horses). Largest Roman province in Asia Minor, with Caesarea as metropolis (Acts 2:9; 1 Peter 1:1).
Captain
(head). Title for a leader of a band of ten, fifty, hundred or thousand (Deut. 1:15; Josh. 10:24; Judg. 11:6,11). Also a civic meaning (Isa. 1:10; 3:3). “Captain of the Guard” (Acts 28:16), was commander of the Praetorian troop of Rome. “Captain of the Temple” (Acts 4:1), was chief of the Temple watchmen.
Captive
(taken). Captives in war treated with great cruelty in early times (Gen. 14:14; Judg. 1:7; 1 Sam. 11:2; 2 Sam. 8:2; 2 Kings 25:7). Later, treated as servants and slaves (1 Kgs. 20:31-34).
Captivity
Six partial captivities mentioned in Judges. Israel had several (2 Kings 15:29; 1 Chron. 5:26), the final one being that by Shalmaneser, B. C. 721 (2 Kings 17:6). Judah was captive to Assyria B. C. 713, and finally to Nebuchadnezzar B. C. 606-562. This captivity broken (Ezra 1:11). Last captivity was to Rome, A. D. 71.
Carbuncle
(little coal). A gem of deep red color (Isa. 54:12). A stone in the high-priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17; 39:10).
Carcas
A eunuch (Esther 1:10).
Carchemish
(fortress of Chemosh). A city on the Euphrates (Isa. 10:5-9; 2 Chron. 35:20-23; Jer. 46:2).
Careah
(bald). Father of Johannan (2 Kings 25:23). Kareah, elsewhere.
Caria
Southwest province of Asia Minor. Cnidus and Miletus were in it (Acts 20:15; 27:7).
Carmel
(fruitful). (1) The promontory which forms the bay of Acre (1 Kings 18; 2 Kings 2:25; 4:25; Isa. 33:9; 35:2). (2) A city of Judah (1 Sam. 15:12; 25:2-44; 2 Chron. 26:10).
Carmi
(vine dresser). (1) Progenitor of the Carmites (Gen. 46:9; Ex. 6:14; Num. 26:6; 1 Chron. 5:3). (2) Father of Achan (Josh. 7:1,18; 1 Chron. 2:7).
Carpenter
(cart-wright). Carpentry an early art (Gen. 6:14-16; Ex. 25:23; 27:1-15. David and Solomon employed foreign woodworkers (2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Kings 5:6). Joseph a carpenter (Matt. 13:55); and Christ (Mark 6:3).
Carpus
(fruit). Paul’s friend (2 Tim. 4:13).
Carriage
(car). Baggage (Judg. 18:21; Isa. 10:28; 46:1; Acts 21:15).
Carshena
(distinguished). A Persian (Esther 1:14).
Cart
(carry). A two-wheeled vehicle usually drawn by oxen (1 Sam. 6:7-15; Amos 2:13).
Carving
(cutting). Carving amid engraving in much request (Ex. 31:5; 35:33; 1 Kings 6:18; 2 Chron. 2:7-14; Psa. 74:6; Zech. 3:9).
Casement
(house frame). The latticed opening of the Kiosk, or mummer house, of the East (Prov. 7:6; Song of Sol. 2:9; Judg. 5:28).
Casiphia
(white). An unknown place (Ezra 8:17).
Casluhim
(fortified). A Mizraite people (Gen. 10:14; 1 Chron. 1:12).
Cassia
(that peels) The cinnamon cassia (Ex. 30:24; Ezek. 27:19). In Psalm 45:8, the shrub is unidentified.
Castle
(fort). The “Tower of Antonia,” N. W. corner of the Temple at Jerusalem (Acts 21:34,37; 22:24; 23:10,16,32).
Castor and Pollux
Two mythologic heroes; figurehead and name of Paul’s ship (Acts 28:11).
Caterpillar
(hairy consumer). The larva of the butterfly (1 Kings 8:37; 2 Chron. 6:28; Psa. 78:46; Isa. 33:4; Joel 1:4).
Cattle
(capital). Domestic bovine animals, as oxen, cows, bulls, and calves; also any livestock (Gen. 13:2; Ex. 12:29; 34:19; Num. 20:19; 32:16; Psa. 50:10; Job 1:3). [BULL.]
Cauda, Clauda in R
V.
Caul
(kol) (cap). A net for a woman’s hair (Isa. 3:18). In Hos. 13:8, the membrane around the heart.
Cave
(hollow). Used for storage houses, dwellings, hiding and burial places (Gen. 19:30; Josh. 10:16; Judg. 6:2; 1 Sam. 13:6; 22:1; 24:3; 2 Sam. 23:13; 1 Kings 18:4; Heb. 11:38).
Cedar
(resinous). A cone-bearing tree whose reddish fragrant wood was much prized (1 Kings 7:2; Psa. 92:12; Song of Sol. 5:15; Isa. 2:13; Ezek. 31:6).
Cedron
(turbid). (1) A brook, Kedron or Kidron, below the eastern wall of Jerusalem (John 18:1).
Ceiling
(heavens). Hebrew temple ceilings were generally of cedar, richly carved (1 Kings 6:9-15; 7:3; 2 Chron. 3:5-9).
Cenchrea
(millet). The eastern harbor of Corinth (Acts 18:18). Seat of a Christian church (Rom. 16:1).
Censer
(set on fire). A small portable vessel of copper (Num. 16:39; Lev. 16:12), or gold (1 Kings 7:50; Heb. 9:4), for carrying the coals on which incense was burned.
Census
(assess). Twelve different censuses noted in the O. T. (Ex. 38:26; Num. 1:2; 26; 2 Sam. 24:9; 2 Chron. 2:17-18; 1 Kings 12:21; 2 Chron. 13:3; 14:8; 17:14; 25:5-6; 26:13; Ezra 2:64; 8:1-14). The census in Luke 2:1-3, was for taxation.
Centurion
(hundred). A Roman officer who had command of a hundred soldiers (Matt. 8:5; Mark 15:39; Luke 7:1-10; Acts 10:1).
Cephas
(stone). Name given to Peter (John 1:42).
Chaff
Was separated from the grain by throwing all into the air from sheets, or forks, the wind carrying away the chaff (Psa. 1:4; Isa. 17:13; Hos. 13:3; Zeph. 2:2).
Chains
(links). Used for ornament on man and beast, and for fetters (Gen. 41:42; Judg. 8:21; 16:21; 2 Sam. 3:34; 2 Kings 25:7; Isa. 3:19; Acts 12:6; 21:33; 28:20).
Chalcedony
(from Chalcedon). A many-colored precious stone of the agate variety (Rev. 21:19).
Chalcol
(1 Kings 4:31). [CALCOL.]
Chaldea, Chaldaea
(as demons). The country lying along the Euphrates on both sides, and between it and the Tigris, for three or four hundred miles back from their mouths (Gen. 10:10; 11:31; Job 1:17).
Chaldeans, Chaldees
The people of that country having Babylon for its capital (Dan. 1:4; 5:15; 9:1).
Chaik-stones
Possibly burnt lime (Isa. 27:9).
Chamber
(vault, arched). Sleeping apartment (Gen. 43:30; 2 Sam. 18:33; Psa. 19:5; Dan. 6:10; Acts 9:37). Dining room (Mark 14:14; Luke 22:12).
Chambering
Amorous intrigue (Rom. 13:13).
Chamberlain
(man of the chamber). Officer in charge of the king’s chamber (2 Kings 23:11; Esther 1:10,12,15; Dan. 1:8-11). A more dignified office ( Acts 12:20; Rom. 16:23).
Chameleon
(ground lion). A species of lizard, arboreal in habit. But the word thus translated implies a frog (Lev. 11:30).
Chamois
(shammy) (buck). The chamois not known in Palestine. A wild sheep, or goat, may be meant (Deut. 14:5).
Chanaan
Greek spelling of Canaan (Acts 7:11; 13:19).
Chancellor
(usher of a law-court). A keeper of the king’s seal (Ezra 4:8).
Chapiter
(head). The ornamental head of a pillar (Ex. 36:38; 38:17; 1 Kings 7:31,38).
Chapman
(cheap-man). A trader (1 Kings 10:15; 2 Chron. 9:14).
Charashim, Valley of
(ravine of craftsmen). Where Joab’s ancestors lived (1 Chron. 4:14).
Charchemish
(2 Chron. 35:20) [CARCHEMISH.].
Charger
(car). A dish for receiving water and blood, and for presenting offerings of flour and oil (Num. 7:13,79); later, a large service plate (Matt. 14:8).
Chariot
(car). A two-wheeled vehicle, used for travel and war (Gen. 41:43; 46:29; 1 Kings 18:44; 2 Kings 5:9). In use by enemies of Israel (Josh. 11:4; Judg. 4:3; 1 Sam. 13:5). Adopted for war by David and Solomon (2 Sam. 8:4; 1 Kings 9:19; 10:26; 22:34; 2 Kings 9:16; Isa. 31:1).
Charran
(Acts 7:2-4). [HARAN.]
Chebar
(strength). A river of Chaldea; seat of Ezekiel’s visions (Ezek. 1:3; 3:15, 23).
Chedorlaomer
(handful of sheaves). King of Elam (Gen. 14:1-24).
Cheese
The Hebrew words imply curds, or curdled milk (1 Sam. 17:18; Job 10:10; 2 Sam. 17:29).
Chelal
(perfect). A returned captive (Ezra 10:30).
Chelluh
( perfection). A returned captive (Ezra 10:35).
Chelub
(basket). (1) A Judahite (1 Chron. 4:11). (2) Father of one of David’s overseers (1 Chron. 27:26).
Chelubai
(capable). Caleb (1 Chron. 2:9).
Chemarims
(black ones). Sun-worshippers (Zeph. 1:4).
Chemosh
(subduer). National god of Moab, any: Ammon (Num. 21:29; Judg. 11:23-24; 1 Kings 11:7; 2 Kings 23:13).
Chenaanah
(merchant). (1) Father of Zedekiah (1 Kings 22:11). (2) A Benjamite (1 Chron. 7:10).
Chenani
(contraction of Chenaniah). A Levite (Neh. 9:4).
Chenaniah
(made by God). A Levite (1 Chron. 15:22).
Chephar-haammonai
“Hamlet of the Ammoites,” in Benjamin (2 Chron. 18:24).
Chephirah
(hamlet). A Gibeonite city (Josh. 9:17; Ezra 2:25; Neh. 7:29).
Cheran
(lyre). A Horite (Gen. 36:26; 1 Chron. 1:41).
Cherethims
(Ezek. 25:16). [CHERETHITES.]
Cherethites
(executioners). A portion of David’s body guard (2 Sam. 8:18; 15:18; 20:7,23; 1 Kings 1:38,44; 1 Chron. 18:17).
Cherith
(cutting). The place where Elijah was fed by ravens (1 Kings 17:3-5).
Cherub
A place in Babylonia (Ezra 2:59; Neh. 7:61).
Cherub, Cherubim
(terrible). Guards of Paradise (Gen. 3:24); and the mercy seat (Ex. 25:18). Wrought in gold or wood (Ex. 36:35; 37:7-9). Of immense size in Solomon’s Temple (1 Kings 6:27). Four-winged and four-faced (Ezek. 1:6; 10:14; Rev. 4:8).
Chesalon
(hopes). A landmark of Judah (Josh. 15:10).
Chesed
(gain). Fourth son of Nahor (Gen. 22:22).
Chesil
(fool). A place in south Judah (Josh. 15:30).
Chest
(box). A coffin (Gen. 50:26). Treasure chest (2 Kings 12:9; 2 Chron. 24:8-11). Trunk or packing-case (Ezek. 27:24). In all other places, “Ark.”
Chestnut-tree
(Gen. 30:37; Ezek. 31:8); the plane-tree is meant.
Chesulloth
(loins). Town of Issachar (Josh. 19:18).
Chezib
(lying) (Gen. 38:5). Probably Achzib.
Chidon
(dart). Spot where the accident befell the Ark (1 Chron. 13:9-13). Nachon (2 Sam. 6:6).
Chief of Asia
(Acts 19:31). [ASIAARCH]
Chief Priest
[HIGH PRIEST.]
Children
Children an honor, childlessness a misfortune (Gen. 16:2; Deut. 7:14; 1 Sam. 1:6; 2 Sam. 6:23; 2 Kings 4:14; Psa. 127:3; Isa. 47:9, Jer. 20:15). Males circumcised on eighth day (Lev. 12:3). Weaning an occasion of rejoicing (Gen. 21:8).
Chileab
(like the father). Son of David (2 Sam. 3:3).
Chilion
(sickly). Husband of Orpah (Ruth 1:2-4).
Chilmad
(closed). A country on the Euphrates (Ezek. 27:23).
Chimham
(longing). A friend of David (2 Sam. 19:37-38; Jer. 41:17).
Chinnereth, Chinneroth
(1) A city on or near coast of Sea of Galilee (Josh. 11:2). (2) Old name for the inland sea known as Lake Gennesareth, or Sea of Galilee (Num. 34:11; Deut. 3:17; Josh. 13:27).
Chios
(open). The island of Scio (Acts 20:15).
Chisleu
Ninth month of the Jewish sacred, and third of the civil year, corresponding to parts of November and December (Neh. 1:1).
Chislon
(hope). A Benjamite (Num. 34:21).
Chisloth-tabor
(Josh. 19:12). [CHESULLOTH.]
Chittim, Kittim
(bruisers). Descendants of Javan, and their country, supposedly Cyprus (Gen. 10:4; Num. 24:24; 1 Chron. 1:7; Isa. 23:1-12).
Chiun
An Israelite idol (Amos 5:26). [REM-PHAN.]
Chloe
(green herb). A Christian woman of Corinth (1 Cor. 1:11).
Chorashan
A haunt of David (1 Sam. 30:30).
Chorazin
(secret). A city on the coast of the Sea of Galilee (Matt. 11:21; Luke 10:13).
Chozeba
Descendants of Judah (1 Chron. 4:22).
Christ
The Anointed; the Messiah. A title of Jesus, the Saviour: at first with the article, “The Christ;” later, as part of a proper name, “Jesus Christ.” [JESUS.]
Christian
Follower of Christ. First so called at Antioch, Syria, A. D. 43 (Acts 11:26; 26:28).
Chronicles
(“words of days,” annals). Thirteenth and fourteenth of O. T. Books. Originally one book called Paraleipoinena, “things omitted.” A supplement to Kings, compiled, no doubt, by Ezra. The history covers a period of 3500 years.
Chrysolite
(gold stone). Evidently the yellow topaz (Rev. 21:20).
Chrysoprasus
(golden leek). An apple-green variety of chalcedony (Rev. 21:20).
Chub
Allies of Egypt (Ezek. 30:5).
Chun
(ready). A city that supplied brass to Solomon (2 Sam. 8:8).
Church
(assembly). A congregation of religious worshippers (Acts 7:38; Matt. 16:18). Visible (Acts 2; Col. 1:24). Invisible (Heb. 12:23).
Churning
(Prov. 30:33). The milk was enclosed in skin bags, which were shaken or trodden.
Chushan-rishathaim
(great conqueror). A king of Mesopotamia (Judg. 3:8-10).
Chuza
(seer). Steward of Herod (Luke 8:3; 24:10).
Cilicia
(rolling). A province of Asia Minor. Chief city, Tarsus, birthplace of Paul (Acts 9:11,30; 15:41).
Cinnamon
(dried). Inner bark of the cinnamon-tree (Ex. 30:23: Rev. 18:13). A perfume (Prov. 7:17).
Cinneroth
A district of Naphtali (1 Kings 15:20). [CHINNERETH.]
Circumcision
(cutting around). Cutting off the foreskin. A rite, performed on males on eighth day after birth (Gen. 17; Lev. 12:3; Ex. 12:44; John 7:22). Antagonized by Christianity (Acts 15; 1 Cor. 7:18; Gal. 5:2).
Cis
(Acts 13:21). [KISH.]
Cisai
(Esther 11:12). [KISH.]
Cistern
(chest). Common and necessary in the East. Sometimes synonymous with “wells” (Num. 21:22), and “pits” (Gen. 37:22; 2 Sam. 17.18; Eccl. 12:6; Jer. 38:6).
Citizenship
Roman citizenship exempted from imprisonment or scourging without trial, and gave the right of appeal to the Emperor (Acts 16:37; 22:28-29; 25:11).
City
(place for citizens). Cain and Nimrod city-builders (Gen. 4:17; 10:9-11). “Fenced cities” fortified cities (2 Kings 10:2; Isa. 26:1). “City of David,” Jerusalem, Bethlehem (1 Chron. 11:5; Luke 2:11). “City of God,” Jerusalem (Psa. 46:4; Neh. 11:1). “Cities of Refuge” six in number (Deut. 19:7-9; Num. 35:6-15).
Clauda
(lamentable). A small island near Crete (Acts 27:16).
Claudia
(lame). A female friend of Paul and Timothy (2 Tim. 4:21).
Claudius
(lame). Claudius Caesar. Fifth Roman Emperor. Reign, A. D. 41-54. Banished the Jews from Rome (Acts 18:2).
Claudius Lysias
[LYSIAS.]
Clay
Used variously (Psa. 18:42; Isa. 57:20; Jer. 38:6; John 9:6); for making pottery (Isa. 41:25); for brick-making (2 Sam. 12:31); for sealing (Job 38:14); for writing tablets.
Clean and Unclean
Words applied to personal and ceremonial conditions, and to edibility of animals (Gen. 7:2; Lev. 11-15; Num. 19; Ex. 22:31; 34:15-26).
Clement
(mild). A co-worker with Paul (Phil. 4:3).
Cleopas
(renowned father). One of the two disciples to whom Christ appeared (Luke 24:18).
Cleophas
(renowned). Husband of Mary (John 19:25). Called also Alphaeus.
Cloth
Skins first supplied the place of cloth. Art of weaving cloth early known (Ex. 35:25. Judg. 5:30).
Clothing
[DRESS.]
Cloud
(round mass). A prominent feature in Oriental imagery (Prov. 16:15; Isa. 25:5; Job 30:15). A token of Divine presence and protection (Ex. 16:10; Num. 12:5).
Clouted
Worn out and patched (Josh. 9:5).
Cnidus
(nidus) (age). The peninsula of Caria, and the city upon it (Acts 27:7).
Coal
(glow). The coal of scripture is charcoal, or embers (Prov. 26:21; John 18:18; 21:9); heated stones (1 Kings 19:6; Isa. 6:6); metaphorical (2 Sam. 22:9-13; Psa. 18:8,12-13; Rom. 12:20).
Coast
(rib). Often used as border or boundary (Judg. 11:20; 1 Sam. 5:6; Matt. 8:34).
Coat
(coarse mantle). [DRESS.]
Cock
The crowing of the cock (Matt. 26:34; Mark 14:30; Luke 22:34), indicated the third watch of the night, from midnight to daylight.
Cockatrice
(crocodile like.) The basilisk (Jer. 8:17; Isa. 11:8; 14:29; 59:5); in all which some species of hissing, venomous serpent is meant.
Cockle
(stinking). A weed that grows among grain; doubtless the tare, identified as darnel (Job 31:40).
Coffer
(basket). A movable box hanging from the side of a cart (1 Sam. 6:8,11,15).
Coffin
(basket). [BURIAL.]
Cohort
(company). [ARMY.]
Colhozeh
(all-seeing). A man of Judah (Neh. 3:15; 11:5).
Collar
“Collars” (Judg. 8:26), and “chains” (Isa. 3:19), should be “ear-drops.”
College
(collected). That part of Jerusalem north of the old city (2 Kings 22:14).
Collops
(tender meat). Slices of meat (Job 15:27).
Colony
(cultivated). Philippi, colonized by Rome (Acts 16:12).
Colors
(tints). Royal colors, purple (Judg. 8:26; Esther 8:15; Luke 16:19; Rev. 17:4); blue (Ex. 25:4; Esther 1:6). Vermilion used for beams, walls and ceilings (Jer. 22:14; Ezek. 23:14).
Colosse
(punishment). A city of Phrygia. Paul wrote to the church there (Col. 1:2; 4:13).
Colossians, Epistle to
Written by Paul from Rome, A. D. 61 or 62, and delivered by Tychicus (Acts 28:16; Col. 4:7-8).
Colt
(young camel or ass). The young of camels and asses (Gen. 32:15; 49:11; Judg. 10:4; Job 11:12; Matt. 21:2-7).
Comforter
(brave together). Defender and helper. Applied to the Holy Ghost, and Christ (John 14:16).
Commerce
(buying together.) Limited among Hebrews (Gen. 13:2; 24:22,53). Outside enterprises a failure (1 Kings 22:48-49). Used some foreign articles (Ezra 3:7; Neh. 13:16); supplied some (1 Kings 5:11; Acts 12:20). Temple commerce led to Christ’s rebuke (Matt. 21:12; John 2:14).
Communion
(bound together). Mutual love, confidence and fellowship (1 Cor. 10:16; 2 Cor. 13:14; 1 John 1:3). The Lord’s supper called the “holy communion.”
Compass
(encircle). To make a circuit (2 Sam. 5:23; Acts 28:13).
Conaniah
(made by Jehovah). A Levite (2 Chron. 35:9).
Concision
(cutting of). A sarcastic use by Paul of the word circumcision (Phil. 3:2).
Concubine
(lying with). In the Jewish economy, a secondary wife, betrothed according to custom (Gen. 21:14; 25:6; Ex. 21:7; Deut. 21:10-14). Concubinage repudiated in N. T. (Matt. 19:4-9; 1 Cor. 7:2-4).
Conduit
(wit) (conductor). A water pipe or aqueduct (2 Kings 18:17; 20:20; Isa. 7:3; 36:2); ditch (Job 38:25).
Coney, Cony
(rabbit). The small rabbit-like animal known as the Hyrax Syriacus (Lev. 11:5; Deut. 14:7; Prov. 30:26).
Congregation
(collected together). Biblically, the Hebrew nationality (Num. 15:15). Generally, collected Jewry (Ex. 12:19). A popular assembly (Acts 19:32,39,41). A religious assembly, or church (Acts 7:38).
Coniah
[JECONIAH.]
Cononiah
(the Lord’s appointed). Treasurer of tithes (2 Chron. 31:12-13).
Consecrate
(together sacred). The tribe of Levi consecrated to the priesthood (Ex. 32:28-29; Lev. 7:37). Consecrate vessels (Josh. 6:19); profits (Mic. 4:13); fields (Lev. 27:28); cattle (2 Chron. 29:33); persons (Num. 6:9-13); nations (Ex. 19:6).
Convocation
(called together). The “congregation,” when called in a purely religious capacity (Ex. 12:16; Lev. 23:2; Num. 28:18).
Cooking
Done by both sexes (Gen. 18:6-8); later by servantage (1 Sam. 8:13). Kids, lambs and calves furnished meat for guests (Gen. 18:7; Luke 15:23).
Coos
(summit) (Acts 21:1). [COS.]
Coping
The top and projecting layer of a wall (1 Kings 7:9).
Copper
(from Cyprus). The “brass” of the Bible. Known to antediluvians (Gen. 4:22). Used largely in the temple (1 Chron. 22:3-14); and for vessels, ornaments and mirrors (Ex. 38:8); helmets and spears (1 Sam. 17:5-6; 2 Sam. 21:16).
Cor
[HOMER.]
Coral
Used by Hebrews for beads and ornaments. Ranked among precious stones (Job 28:18; Ezek. 27:16).
Corban
(offering). The offering in fulfillment of a vow (Lev. 27; Num. 30). The plea of corban reprehended by Christ (Matt. 15:3-9).
Cord
(string). Variously made and used (Isa. 19:9); scourge (John 2:15); ship-ropes (Acts 27:32).
Core
(Jude 11). [KORAH.]
Coriander
(smelling like a bed-bug). A plant of the parsley fancily producing aromatic seeds (Ex. 16:31; Num. 11:7).
Corinth
(ornament). Anciently Ephyra; capital of Achaia. Destroyed by Rome, B. C. 146. Rebuilt by Julius Caesar, B. C. 46, as a Roman colony. Paul founded a church there (Acts 18:1; 20:2-3).
Corinthians, Epistles to
First. written by Paul at Ephesus (1 Cor. 16:8); treats of church organization, social practices, holy observances, and doctrinal affairs. Second. written a few months afterward, at suggestion of Titus; largely refers to Paul’s right to preach and teach (2 Cor. 7:5; 9:2).
Cormorant
(sea raven). A large, greedy water-bird, pronounced “unclean” (Lev. 11:17; Deut. 14:17). Doubtless “pelican” (Isa. 34:11; Zeph. 2:14).
Corn
(kernel). In a Bible sense, grain of all kinds except our maize, or Indian corn. Used largely in figurative speech (Gen. 41:22; Ex. 9:32; Deut. 11:14; 18:4; 28:51; 2 Chron. 2:15; Isa. 28:25; Ezek. 27:17; Matt. 12:1).
Cornelius
(of a horn). A Roman centurion and first Gentile convert (Acts 10:1-33).
Corner
(horned). Grain-field corners not allowed to be wholly reaped (Lev. 19:9; 23:22). “Legal corner,” one sixtieth of the field. “Length and breadth” of a country (Num. 24:17; Jer. 48:45). “Cornerstone,” chief stone in a foundation (Job 38:6). Figuratively (Isa. 28:16; Matt. 21:42).
Cornet
(horn). The curved signal horn of the Jews, usually made of the horn of a ram, ox, chamois, or wild goat (Lev. 25:9; Ezek. 33:4-5; 1 Chron. 15:28).
Cos, Coos
(summit). A small island of the Grecian archipelago (Acts 21:1).
Cosam
(diviner). One of Christ’s ancestors (Luke 3:28).
Cote
(cot, den). A sheepfold (2 Chron. 32:28).
Cottage
(cot). A rustic tent or shelter (Isa. 24:20).
Cotton
(wool plant). Not known to Hebrews. Cotton garments mentioned on the Rosetta stone.
Couch
(placed). [BED.]
Council
(called together). In N. T. (1) The Sanhedrim (Matt. 26:49). (2) Lesser courts (Matt. 10:17; Mark 13:9). (3) A jury of councilors (Acts 25:12). [SANHEDRIM.]
Courses
(running). Priests divided into twenty-four classes, courses, or orders (1 Chron. 24). [ASIA.]
Court
(enclosure). The enclosed space within the limits of Oriental houses. The outer area of the tabernacle and temple (Ex. 27:9; Lev. 6:16; 2 Sam. 17:18; 1 Kings 6:36; 2 Kings 23:12; 2 Chron. 33:5).
Covenant
(coming together). Ratified by eating together, oaths, witnesses, gifts, pillars (Gen. 9:15; 21:30-31; 31:50-52). Covenant of the law through Moses (Ex. 20:24); of the gospel through Christ (Gal. 3; Heb. 8).
Covet
(desire). Rightful desire (1 Cor. 12:31, good). Wrongful desire, sinful (Ex. 20:17; 18:21; Prov. 28:16; Luke 12:15-34; 1 Tim. 6:9-10).
Cow
Cow and calf not to be killed on same day (Lev. 22:28). Symbol of plenty (Isa. 7:21).
Coz
(thorn). A Judahite (1 Chron. 4:8).
Cozbi
(liar). Daughter of Zur (Num. 25:15-18).
Cracknels
(that cracks). Hard brittle cakes (1 Kings 14:3).
Crane
A large, long-necked, heron-like bird, of gray plumage, noisy on the wing (Isa. 38:14; Jer. 8:7).
Create, Creation
(make, made). To produce out of nothing by Almighty fiat (Gen. 1-2). The universe.
Crescens
(increasing). Assistant of Paul (2 Tim. 4:10).
Crete
(carnal). Now Candia. One of the largest islands in the Grecian archipelago. After an assembly began there Paul left Titus to set things in order and ordain elders (Acts 2:11; 27:1-12; Titus 1:5-13).
Cretes
Inhabitants of Crete (Acts 2:11).
Crib
A stall for cattle, and the manger or rack for hay or straw (Job 39:9; Prov. 14:4; Isa. 1:3).
Crimson
(carmine). A deep-red color; or a red tinged with blue (Jer. 4:30).
Crisping-pins
(curling pins). Crimping pins (Isa. 3:22).
Crispus
(curled). Chief ruler of the synagogue at Corinth (Acts 18:8). Baptized by Paul (1 Cor. 1:14).
Cross
(across). A gibbet of wood of various forms (Deut. 21:23; John 19:17; Gal. 3:13). Now a sacred emblem.
Crown
(curved). A head-dress (Ezek. 16:12). Head-dress of priests, kings, and queens (Ex. 28:36-38; 2 Chron. 23:11; Esther 2:17). Symbol of power, honor, and eternal life (Prov. 12:4; Lam. 5:16; 1 Peter 5.4).
Crucifixion
(fixing to the cross). A method of death punishment by fixing to a cross (Gen. 40:19; Esther 7:10). Limbs sometimes broken to hasten death (John 19:31). Sepulture denied (Deut. 21:22-23), but an exception allowed in Christ’s case (Matt. 27:58).
Crucify
[CRUCIFIXION.)
Cruse
(pot). A bottle, flask, or jug for holding liquids (1 Sam. 26:11; 1 Kings 17:12; 19:6).
Crystal
(frost). A disputed original, variously translated crystal (Job 28:17); frost (Gen. 31:40); ice (Job 38:29).
Cubit
(elbow). Distance from the elbow to end of the middle finger, or about 21.8 inches (Gen. 6:15; 1 Sam. 17:4).
Cuckoo
(crower). A mistranslation; and perhaps the storm-petrel is meant (Lev. 11:16; Deut. 14:15).
Cucumber
(cumberer). Much used for food in the East (Num. 11:5; lsa. 1:8).
Cummin
An annual of the parsley family, producing aromatic seeds (Isa. 28:25; Matt. 23:23).
Cunning
(test). Skilful (Gen. 25:27; 1 Sam. 16:16).
Cup
(coop, tub). A drinking vessel of various designs, made of horn, clay, or metal (Gen. 44:2; 1 Sam. 16:13; 1 Kings 7:26). Used figuratively (Psa. 23:5; Isa. 51:17; Rev. 14:10; Matt. 20:22; 26:39).
Cupbearer
[BUTLER.]
Cush
(black). (1) Oldest son of Ham (Gen. 10:6,8; 1 Chron. 1:8-10). (2) That indefinite country translated Ethiopia (Gen. 2:13). (3) The country settled by Ham’s descendants (Gen. 10:6-8; Isa. 18:1; Jer. 13:23; Dan. 11:43). (4) A Benjamite (Psa. 7 title).
Cushan
(blackness) (Hab. 3:7). Some refer it to Cush.
Cushi
(Ethiopian). (1) A foreigner in David’s army (2 Sam. 18:21-32). (2) An ancestor of Jehudi (Jer. 36:14). (3) Father of Zephaniah (Zeph. 1:1).
Cuth
(burning). The land in Persia whence colonists came into Samaria (2 Kings 17:30). Cuthah (2 Kings 17:24).
Cuthah, Cuthites
(2 Kings 17:24). [CUTH.]
Cuttings of the Flesh
Forbidden by Levitical law
(Lev. 19:28; 21:5; Deut. 14:1).
Cymbal
(hollow of a vessel). Metallic plates, slightly concave, used as musical instruments, by striking them together (1 Chron. 13:8; 16:5; Psa. 150:5; 1 Cor. 13:1).
Cypress
(from Cyprus). Not indigenous to Palestine. Juniper may be meant (Isa. 44:14).
Cyprus
(fairness). A large island in N. E. angle of the Mediterranean. Christianity introduced quite early (Acts 11:19). Birthplace of Barnabas (Acts 4:36). Paul visited it (Acts 13:4-13).
Cyrene
(wall). Capital of Cyrenaica. In northern Africa, and corresponding to Tripoli. Simon was of Cyrene (Matt. 27:32; Mark 15:21). Cyreneans present at Pentecost (Acts 2:10; 6:9).
Cyrenius
(of Cyrene). Roman governor of Syria, B. C. 4-1, and A. D. 6-11; (Luke 2:2; Acts 5:3).
Cyrus
(sun). Founder of the Persian empire (Dan. 6:28; 11:13; 2 Chron. 36:22). United Media to Persia. Conquered Babylon, B. C. 538, and reigned over the consolidated empire till B. C. 529. A guardian and liberator of captive Jews (Isa. 44:28; 45:1-7). Daniel was his favorite minister. See Daniel, also (Ezek. 1:1-4; 3:7; 4:3; 5:13-17; 6:3).
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