“22. Envy. Zeal. Emulation. Jealousy” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
Both ζῆλος and φθόνος are translated 'envy,' but they are not used indiscriminately. Ζῆλος is sometimes used in a good and sometimes in a bad sense, whereas φθόνος is perhaps always used in a bad sense in the New Testament.
In Gal. 5:20, 21, both words are among the "works of the flesh," as ‘emulations' or ‘jealousies' (ζῆ.) and ‘envyings ' (φθ.).
Ζῆλος is used of the Lord in "The ‘zeal' of thine house hath eaten me up," John 2:17: a quotation from Psalm 69:9 (68:10), where the LXX has the same word. Paul speaks to the Corinthian saints of the ‘zeal' ('fervent mind' A. V.) they had for him, and the ‘zeal' they manifested in clearing themselves from the evil amongst them. 2 Cor. 7:7, 11. Afterward he says he was jealous (ζηλόω, the verb) over them with a godly jealousy (ζῆ.), chap. 11:2; but in chap. 12:20, he uses the same word for the ‘envyings' or ‘jealousies' he feared he might find among them.
Above it is said, ‘perhaps' φθόνος always has a bad sense in the N. T. because of Jas. 4:5. This is a difficult passage, and has been variously translated. Apparently the A. V. and R. V. assume the ‘spirit' to be the human spirit, which naturally lusteth to envy; but others believe the spirit to be the Holy Spirit, and if so, may not the sense be, as given by Bengel, "Does the Spirit, which has taken up his dwelling in us, lust enviously?" This latter interpretation is in all probability the right one.
“Jealousy (Qana)” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
“To be inflamed.” The warm affection that cannot bear to see its loved one enticed by another, as a man is jealous of his wife (Num. 5:14); as Paul felt for the Corinthian saints (2 Cor. 11:2); and as God regarded the people and the land which He had chosen, and upon which He had placed His name (Psa. 39:5; Ezek. 39:25; Joel 2:18; Zech. 1:14; Zech. 8:2). “Jehovah, whose name is jealous, is a jealous God” (Ex. 34:14).
Moses speaks of Jehovah provoking Israel to jealousy by their seeing Gentiles coming into blessing. Paul also sought to do the same that they might be saved (Deut. 32:21; Rom. 10:19; Rom. 11:11,14).
THE IMAGE OF JEALOUSY, which provoketh to jealousy, was seen in a vision by the prophet, set up in the temple (Ezek. 8:3-5), as when Manasseh set up the graven image in the house of Jehovah (2 Kings 21:7); though doubtless by the scope of the prophecy reference is made to secret idolatry in connection with the service of the temple, and to secret idols in the hearts of those who were professedly the worshippers of God: such would assuredly provoke the jealousy of Jehovah.
THE LAW OF JEALOUSY, when a man suspected his wife of being unfaithful to him, is given in Numbers 5:11-31. The woman was required to drink bitter water, composed of “holy water,” in which was placed dust from the floor of the tabernacle (type of the Holy Spirit applying what death is, as God’s judgment of sin, by the word to the conscience). If she had been unfaithful it would be a curse to her. It pointed figuratively to the question of Israel’s unfaithfulness to Jehovah.
Strong’s Dictionary of Greek Words:
Meaning:
from 2204; properly, heat, i.e. (figuratively) "zeal" (in a favorable sense, ardor; in an unfavorable one, jealousy, as of a husband (figuratively, of God), or an enemy, malice)
KJV Usage:
emulation, envy(-ing), fervent mind, indignation, jealousy, zeal