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Romans 9

Rom. 9:18 KJV (With Strong’s)

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18
Therefore
ara (Greek #686)
a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)
KJV usage: haply, (what) manner (of man), no doubt, perhaps, so be, then, therefore, truly, wherefore. Often used in connection with other particles, especially 1065 or 3767 (after) or 1487 (before). Compare also 687.
Pronounce: ar'-ah
Origin: probably from 142 (through the idea of drawing a conclusion)
oun (Greek #3767)
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
KJV usage: and (so, truly), but, now (then), so (likewise then), then, therefore, verily, wherefore.
Pronounce: oon
Origin: apparently a primary word
hath he mercy on
eleeo (Greek #1653)
to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)
KJV usage: have compassion (pity on), have (obtain, receive, shew) mercy (on).
Pronounce: el-eh-eh'-o
Origin: from 1656
whom
hos (Greek #3739)
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
KJV usage: one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See also 3757.
Pronounce: hos
Origin: ἥ (hay), and neuter ὅ (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588)
he will
thelo (Greek #2309)
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
KJV usage: desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Pronounce: thel'-o
Origin: or ἐθέλω (eth-el'-o), in certain tenses θελέω (thel-eh'-o), and ἐθελέω (eth-el-eh'-o), which are otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138
have mercy, and
de (Greek #1161)
but, and, etc.
KJV usage: also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
Pronounce: deh
Origin: a primary particle (adversative or continuative)
whom
hos (Greek #3739)
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
KJV usage: one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See also 3757.
Pronounce: hos
Origin: ἥ (hay), and neuter ὅ (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588)
he will
thelo (Greek #2309)
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
KJV usage: desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Pronounce: thel'-o
Origin: or ἐθέλω (eth-el'-o), in certain tenses θελέω (thel-eh'-o), and ἐθελέω (eth-el-eh'-o), which are otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138
he hardeneth
skleruno (Greek #4645)
to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn
KJV usage: harden.
Pronounce: sklay-roo'-no
Origin: from 4642
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More on:

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Mercy

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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hath.
Rom. 9:15‑16• 15For he says to Moses, I will shew mercy to whom I will shew mercy, and I will feel compassion for whom I will feel compassion.
 16So then it is not of him that wills, nor of him that runs, but of God that shews mercy. (Rom. 9:15‑16)
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Rom. 5:20‑21• 20But law came in, in order that the offence might abound; but where sin abounded grace has overabounded,
 21in order that, even as sin has reigned in the power of death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. (Rom. 5:20‑21)
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Eph. 1:6• 6to the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he has taken us into favour in the Beloved: (Eph. 1:6)
will he.
Rom. 1:24‑28• 24Wherefore God gave them up also in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, to dishonour their bodies between themselves:
 25who changed the truth of God into falsehood, and honoured and served the creature more than him who had created it, who is blessed for ever. Amen.
 26For this reason God gave them up to vile lusts; for both their females changed the natural use into that contrary to nature;
 27and in like manner the males also, leaving the natural use of the female, were inflamed in their lust towards one another; males with males working shame, and receiving in themselves the recompense of their error which was fit.
 28And according as they did not think good to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind to practise unseemly things; (Rom. 1:24‑28)
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Rom. 11:7‑8• 7What is it then? What Israel seeks for, that he has not obtained; but the election has obtained, and the rest have been blinded,
 8according as it is written, God has given to them a spirit of slumber, eyes not to see, and ears not to hear, unto this day. (Rom. 11:7‑8)
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Ex. 4:21• 21And Jehovah said to Moses, When thou goest to return to Egypt, see that thou do all the wonders before Pharaoh that I have put in thy hand. And I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. (Ex. 4:21)
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Ex. 7:13• 13And Pharaoh's heart was stubborn, and he hearkened not to them, as Jehovah had said. (Ex. 7:13)
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Deut. 2:30• 30But Sihon the king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Jehovah thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obdurate, that he might give him into thy hand, as it is this day. (Deut. 2:30)
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Josh. 11:20• 20For it was of Jehovah that their heart was hardened, to meet Israel in battle, that they might be utterly destroyed, and that there might be no favour shewn to them, but that they might be destroyed, as Jehovah had commanded Moses. (Josh. 11:20)
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Isa. 63:17• 17Why, O Jehovah, hast thou made us to err from thy ways, hast hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. (Isa. 63:17)
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Matt. 13:14‑15• 14and in them is filled up the prophecy of Esaias, which says, Hearing ye shall hear and shall not understand, and beholding ye shall behold and not see;
 15for the heart of this people has grown fat, and they have heard heavily with their ears, and they have closed their eyes as asleep, lest they should see with the eyes, and hear with the ears, and understand with the heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them. (Matt. 13:14‑15)
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Acts 28:26‑28• 26saying, Go to this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear and not understand, and seeing ye shall see and not perceive.
 27For the heart of this people has become fat, and they hear heavily with their ears, and they have closed their eyes; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.
 28Be it known to you therefore, that this salvation of God has been sent to the nations; *they* also will hear it. (Acts 28:26‑28)
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2 Thess. 2:10‑12• 10and in all deceit of unrighteousness to them that perish, because they have not received the love of the truth that they might be saved.
 11And for this reason God sends to them a working of error, that they should believe what is false,
 12that all might be judged who have not believed the truth, but have found pleasure in unrighteousness. (2 Thess. 2:10‑12)
• God can and does exercise judgment on the wicked, and He is just in doing so, but He might choose to show mercy on some; it is His prerogative. (“The Sovereignty of God Israel's Past Election: Romans 9” by B. Anstey)

J. N. Darby Translation

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18
So then, to whom he will he shews mercy, and whom he will he hardens.

W. Kelly Translation

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18
So then on whom he willeth he hath mercy and whom he willeth he hardeneth.