We read that Abraham sent the sons of Keturah and of his concubines “eastward, to the east country” (Gen. 25:6). There were also the descendants of Ishmael and those of Esau. Many of these became princes, and there can be no doubt that their descendants still hold the land. There are some who call themselves Ishmaelite Arabs, and in the south there are still Joktanite Arabs. We read of Solomon receiving gifts or tribute from the kings of Arabia, 1 Kings 10:15. So did Jehoshaphat (2 Chron. 17:11); but in the days of Jehoram they attacked him, plundered his house, and carried away his wives and some of his sons (2 Chron. 21:17; 2 Chron. 22:1). They were defeated by Uzziah (2 Chron. 26:7).
During the captivity some Arabians became settlers in Palestine and were enemies to Nehemiah (compare Neh. 2:19; Neh. 4:7; Neh. 6:1). Among the nations that had relations with Israel, and against whom judgment is pronounced are the Arabians (Isa. 21:13-17; Jer. 25:24). And doubtless they will be included in the confederacies that will be raised against God’s ancient people when Israel is again restored to their land (Psa. 83).
In the New Testament “Arabians” were present on the day of Pentecost, but whether they were Jews or proselytes is not stated (Acts 2:11).