Aloes is extracted from a tree grown in Northern India (Psa. 45:8, etc).
Calamus is an Eastern perfume, and formed one of the ingredients composing the holy anointing oil (Ex. 30:23, etc).
Camphire yields a delightful fragrance, and from its leaves a dye is produced, which is held in great favor amongst Eastern females in staining their hands and feet ( Song of Sol. 1:14).
Cassia is an Indian perfume, and formed one of the ingredients of the holy ointment (Ex. 30:24).
Cinnamon is a favorite spice, and formed another of the ingredients of the holy ointment (Ex. 30:23).
Cumin is a plant yielding seeds, which, when crushed, gives a pleasing aromatic flavor highly prized in the East.
Frankincense was the principal of the sacred perfumes, and is frequently spoken of in connection with the country of Arabia, of which probably it was originally a native.
Galbanum is a Persian plant, and formed one of the ingredients of the sacred incense.
Mint is largely cultivated in Palestine, and is much used as a perfume, and also as a condiment.
Myrrh is a well-known fragrant perfume; a sacred one (Ex. 30:23), and one of the love-perfumes of the Canticles.
Saffron is one of the finest of the perfumes, and is obtained from the Crocus flower.
Spikenard was an Indian product, and one of the most costly perfumes and ointments mentioned in the Scriptures (Mark 14:3).
Stacte was one of the ingredients in the holy incense. It is the product of the beautiful " Storax Tree."
Sweet-Cane is mentioned in Jer. 6:20, and Isa. 43:24, but is in other passages translated "Calamus," which see.