“Captain” From Boyd’s Bible Dictionary:
(head). Title for a leader of a band of ten, fifty, hundred or thousand (Deut. 1:15; Josh. 10:24; Judg. 11:6,11). Also a civic meaning (Isa. 1:10; 3:3). “Captain of the Guard” (Acts 28:16), was commander of the Praetorian troop of Rome. “Captain of the Temple” (Acts 4:1), was chief of the Temple watchmen.
“Prince” From Boyd’s Bible Dictionary:
(first). In Bible sense, patriarch, head of a family or chief of a tribe; governor or magistrate (1 Kings 20:14); satrap or ruler (Dan. 6:1).
“Captain” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
In the Old Testament this word is used for one filling any office of rule or command: as the head of a tribe (Num. 2:3-29); commander of an army, and so forth. The person who appeared to Joshua as “a man” declared himself to be “captain of the Lord’s host.” He told Joshua to remove his shoes from his feet, for the ground was holy, evincing that he was God’s representative to lead their warfare (Josh. 5:14-15). In the New Testament the Lord is called “Captain” of our salvation, ἀρχηγός, “chief leader” (Heb. 2:10).
There was also a “CAPTAIN OF THE TEMPLE,” στρατηγός (Luke 22:4, 52; Acts 4:1; Acts 5:24, 26). This word is literally “the leader of an army”; it is also applied to magistrates (Acts 16:20), but the captain of the temple was set not over the soldiers, but over the priests and Levites: (Compare Num. 32; 1 Chron. 9:11; Jer. 20:1).
THE CHIEF CAPTAIN or HIGH CAPTAIN is χιλίαρχος, lit. “Captain of a thousand,” applied to the chief of the soldiers in Jerusalem (Acts 21-25).
CAPTAIN OF THE GUARD (Acts 28:16), is στρατοπεδάρχης, properly “commander of a camp,” but here the prefect of the Prætorian Guard, an officer to whom state prisoners were entrusted at Rome.
“Prince, Princess” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
There are sixteen different Hebrew words so translated. The principal are
1. nasi, “one raised up”; this is translated also “ruler, governor, captain, and chief.” It is applied to “the princes of the congregation”: these would be the heads of families in the various tribes (Josh. 9:15-21).
2. sar, “to bear rule,” hence applied to the head men in the tribes, “chief of the fathers”; and to the satraps in the Persian empire (Esther 1:3-21). In Daniel these same are called achashdarpenayya, “chief governors” (Dan. 3:2-3, 27; Dan. 6:1-7).
Princess is sarah (1 Kings 11:3; Lam. 1:1). The word sar is also employed for the Prince of peace in Isaiah 9:6, and for Michael the archangel, and for the prince of Persia who opposed him, and for the prince of Grecia (Dan. 10:13-21).
“Author” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
1. ἀρχηγύς; “beginner, leader.” It is “prince” in Acts 3:15 (“author” in the margin), the Lord Jesus is the originator of life. In Hebrews 12:2, the Lord Jesus is the “leader” and completer of faith: He began and finished the whole course. In Heb. 2:10 it is “captain” in the AV (KJV), He was “leader” of their salvation through suffering.
2. αἴτιος, “cause, occasion.” The Lord Jesus became the “author of eternal salvation” (Heb. 5:9).
Strong’s Dictionary of Greek Words:
Transliteration:
archegos
Meaning:
from 746 and 71; a chief leader
KJV Usage:
author, captain, prince