The common title given to succeeding Roman emperors, adopted from the name of Julius Caesar (Matt. 22:17,21; Mark 12:14,16-17; Luke 2:1; John 19:12,15; Acts 25:8,21; Phil. 4:22). The history of the New Testament fell under the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.