chastening, chastisement, instruction, nurture
Dictionary of Biblical Words:
The meaning of this is more easily understood when we see that it is rendered “nurture” (Eph. 6:4), and “instruction” (2 Tim. 3:16, and elsewhere). It does not convey the idea of punishment so much as the Father’s dealings with His children (generally by means of sorrow and trial), in order to produce the fruits of righteousness, and make them partakers of His holiness. It is preventive, not vindictive, and is a special proof of our Father’s love, and of our relationship (Heb. 12).
Concise Bible Dictionary:
This is in scripture mostly linked with love and sonship, and implies “instruction” and “discipline.” He that loveth chasteneth (Prov. 13:24; Deut. 8:5; Heb. 12:5-11; Rev. 3:19). “Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest” (Psa. 94:12). The chastening at the time does not seem to be joyous but grievous, yet afterward it yields the peaceable fruits of righteousness to those exercised thereby (Heb. 12:11). John 15:2 shows that a Christian may be chastened of the Father that he may bring forth more fruit.
Strong’s Dictionary of Greek Words:
Meaning:
from 3811; tutorage, i.e. education or training; by implication, disciplinary correction
KJV Usage:
chastening, chastisement, instruction, nurture