Have authority from God. Rom. 13:1-5.
SUPERIOR COURT
Held first by Moses alone in the wilderness. Ex. 18:13-20.
Consisted subsequently of priests and Levites. Deut. 17:9, with Mal. 2:7.
Presided over by the governor or the high priest. Deut. 17:12. Judg. 4:4, 5.
Held at the seat of government. Deut. 17:8.
Decided on all appeals and difficult cases. Ex. 18:26. Deut. 1:17. Deut. 17:8, 9.
Decisions of, conclusive. Deut. 17:10,11.
INFERIOR
In all cities. Deu. 16:18. 2 Chr. 19:5-7.
Held at the gates. Gen. 34:20. Deu. 16:18. Deu. 21:19. Job 5:4.
Judges of appointed by the governor. Exo. 18:21, 25. Deu. 1:9-15. Sam. 15:3
All minor cases decided by. Ex. 18:26. 2 Sam. 15:4.
All transfers of property made before. Gen. 23:17-20. Ruth 4:1,2.
Re-established by Jehoshaphat. 2 Chr. 19:5-10.
Re-established by Ezra. Ezra 7:25.
SAN HEDRIM OR COURT OF THE SEVENTY
Probably derived from the seventy elders appointed by Moses. Ex. 24:9. Num. 11:16, 17, 24-30.
Mentioned in the latter part of sacred history. Luke 22:66. John 11:47. Acts 5:27.
Consisted of chief priests, &c. Matt. 26:57, 59.
Presided over by high priest. Matt. 26:62-66.
Sat in high priests's palace. Matt. 26:57, 58.
OF THE ROMANS IN JUDEA
Presided over by the governor or deputy. Matt. 27:2, 11. Acts 18:12.
Place of, called the hall of judgment. John 18:28, 33. John 19:9
Never interfered in any dispute about minor matters or about religion. Acts 18:14, 15.
Could alone award death. John 18:31.
Never examined their own citizens by torture. Acts 22:25-29.
Appeals from, made to the emperor. Acts 25:11. Acts 26:32. Acts 28:19.
Generally held in the morning. Jer. 21:12. Matt. 27:1. Luke 22:66. Acts 5:21.
Sometimes held in synagogues. Matt. 10:17. Acts 22:19. Acts 26:11. James 2:2. (Greek.)
PROVIDED WITH
Judges. Deut. 16:18.
Officers. Deut. 16:18. Matt. 5:25.
Tormentors or executioners. Mat. 18:34.
JUDGES OF
Called elders. Deut. 25:7. 1 Sam. 16:4.
Called magistrates. Luke 12:58.
Rode often on white asses. Judg. 5:10.
To judge righteously. Lev: 19:15. Deut. 1:16.
To judge without respect of persons. Ex. 23:3, 6. Lev. 19:15. Deut. 1:17. Prov. 22:22.
To investigate every case. Deu. 19:18.
Not to take bribes. Ex. 23:8. Deut. 16:19.
To judge as for God. 2 Chr. 19:6, 7, 9.
To decide according to law. Ezek. 44:24.
To promote peace. Zech. 8:16.
Sat on the judgment-seat while hearing causes. Ex. 18:13. Jud. 5:10. Isa. 28:6. Matt. 27:19.
Examined the parties. Acts 24:8.
Conferred together before giving judgment. Acts 5:34-40. Acts 25:12. Acts 26:30, 31.
Pronounced the judgment of the court. Matt. 26:65, 66. Luke 23:24. Acts 5:40.
Both the accusers and accused required to appear before. Deut. 25:1. Acts 25:16.
CAUSES IN, WERE OPENED BY
The complainant. 1 Kin. 3:17-21. Acts 16:19-21.
An advocate. Acts 24:1.
THE ACCUSED
Stood before the judge. Num. 35:12. Matt. 27:11.
Permitted to plead their own cause. 1 Kin. 3:22. Acts 24:10. Acts 26:1.
Might have advocates. Prov. 31:8, 9. Isa. 1:17.
Exhorted to confess. Josh. 7:19. Examined on oath. Lev. 5:1. Matt. 26:63.
Sometimes examined by torture. Acts 22:24, 29.
Sometimes treated with insult. Matt. 26:67. John 18:22, 23. Acts 23:2, 3.
The evidence of two or more witnesses required in. Deut. 17:6. Deu. 39:15. John 8:17. 2 Cor. 13:1.
Witnesses sometimes laid their hands on the criminal's head before punishment. Lev. 24:14.
False witnesses in to receive the punishment of the accused. Deut. 19:19.
Corruption and bribery often practiced in. Isa. 10:1. Amos 5:12. Amos 8:6.
THE JUDGMENT OF
Not given till accused was heard. John 7:51.
Recorded in writing. Isa. 10:1 (marg.)
Immediately executed. Deut. 25:2. Josh. 7:25. Mar. 15:15-20.
Witnesses first to execute. Deu. 17:7. Acts 7:58.
Allusions to. Job 5:4. Psa. 127:5. Matt. 5:22.
Illustrative of the last judgment. Matt. 19:28. Rom. 14:10. 1 Cor. 6:2.