Boyd’s Bible Dictionary:
(time). First division of Jewish day, morning, noon, evening (Psa. 55:17). Night had three watches (Ex. 14:24; Judg. 7:19; Lam. 2:19). Later, day was, morning, heat, midday, evening. Hours introduced from Babylon, after captivity (Matt. 20:1-10). An indefinite time (Dan. 3:6; Matt. 9:22).
“Hour” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
Used with various significations in scripture: as
1. An indefinite period, when the word “time” gives the sense: “the hour cometh when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the Father” (John 4:21).
2. A definite point of time, when “moment” or “at once” would give the sense. “The woman was made whole from that hour” (Matt. 9:22).
3. The division of the day into twelve hours, generally considered to be from sunrise to sunset. This varied in Palestine, from ten of our hours in the winter to fourteen in the summer; so that the hours in summer would be nearly half as long again as in the winter. The hours of scripture are now usually reckoned from 6 o’clock A.M. to 6 o’clock P.M., which would make the third hour our 9 o’clock; the sixth hour our 12 o’clock; the ninth hour our 3 o’clock P.M., and so on.
This would be applicable to all the definite hours mentioned in the New Testament except in the Gospel by John. This evangelist followed the plan of reckoning from midnight to midnight. This explains the difficulty found in John 19:14, which represents the trial proceeding at the sixth hour, whereas Mark 15:25 says “It was the third hour and they crucified him.” A comparison of all the passages shows that the trial commenced early, and our 6 o’clock suits very well; and the crucifixion at 9 o’clock, the third hour of the Jews, agrees with Mark. The other definite times mentioned in John are in John 1:39; John 4:6, 52-53, and the now common method of reckoning the time will agree with all of them.
“Seasons” From Concise Bible Dictionary:
When God created the lights in the firmament He said, “Let them be for signs and for seasons,” and it is well known that the different seasons on the earth are in great measure caused by the days being longer or shorter, and thus having more or less of the heat of the sun. After the flood, God declared that while the earth remained the seasons should continue (Gen. 8:22); these fall approximately thus:
1. Seedtime
Cold
Winter
Falling in October to March
2. Harvest
Heat
Summer
Falling in April to September.
These seasons must overlap each other in Palestine, and are somewhat different in the hill country from what they are in the plains and valleys. Seed-time follows what was called “the early rain,” in October and November, and continues till January. Harvest commences in sheltered places as early as the beginning of April: in the hill country it is a month later; and in the north it extends to the end of July. The rains of November clothe the fields with grass. In January oranges, citrons, and lemons are ripening. In February and March, apple, pear, plum, and apricot trees are in blossom. During May, in some places, apricots and melons are ripe. In June, figs, cherries, and plums begin to ripen, but August is the chief month for fruit. The vintage extends through September. In August the great heat begins to dry up the vegetation, and it gradually changes the whole scene into what appears to be a dry and barren land; but the early rains soon show that it is only the surface that is parched.
In places there are masses of choice wild flowers, and where the land is well cultivated, it is now, as formerly, very productive. “Twenty thousand measures of wheat” year by year were sent to Hiram in exchange for timber (1 Kings 5:11). Wheat, honey, oil and balm were sent to Tyre as merchandise (Ezek. 27:17). Barley also is produced plentifully.
The Jewish Calendar here given follows the order usually found in books of reference, but the climate and seasons have somewhat altered. Some of the names of the months apparently point to the time of the year in which they fell. Thus Abib signifies “budding” or “ear of corn;” Zif, “blossom;” and Bul, “rain.” See MONTHS and RAIN.
Strong’s Dictionary of Greek Words:
Meaning:
apparently a primary word; an "hour" (literally or figuratively)
KJV Usage:
day, hour, instant, season, X short, (even-)tide, (high) time