If any beings had special account or stood highly exalted in a Jew's eye, the holy angels were they; and no wonder. It was in this form that Jehovah ordinarily appeared whenever He visited the fathers or the sons of Israel. There were exceptions, but, as a rule, He who made known the will and manifested the power of Jehovah in these early days to the fathers is spoken of habitually as the angel of Jehovah. It is thus He was represented. He had not yet taken manhood, or made it part of His Person. I do not deny that there was sometimes the appearance of man. An angel might appear in whatever guise it pleased God, but, appear as He might, He was the representative of Jehovah. Accordingly, the Jews always associated angels with the highest idea of beings, next to Jehovah Himself—the chosen messengers of the divine will for any passing vision among men. But now appeared One who completely surpassed the angels. Who was He? The Son of God. It ought to have filled them with joy.
We may easily understand that every soul truly born of God would and must break forth into thanksgiving to hear of a deeper glory than he had first perceived in Christ. We must not look on the Lord according to our experience, if there has been simplicity in the way God has brought us to the perception of His glory; we must endeavor to put ourselves back, and consider the prejudices and difficulties of the Jew. They had their own peculiar hindrances, and one of their greatest was the idea of a divine person becoming a man; for a man, to a Jew, was far below an angel. Are there not many now, even professing Christians (to their shame be it spoken), who think somewhat similarly? Not every Christian knows that an angel, as such, is but a servant; not every Christian understands that man was made to rule. No doubt he is a servant, but not merely one so accomplishing orders, but having a given sphere in which he was to rule as the image and glory of God-a thing never true of an angel—never was, and never can be. The Jews had not entered into this; no man ever did receive such a thought. The great mass of Christians now are totally ignorant of it. The time, the manner, and the only way in which such a truth could be known, was in the Person of Christ, for He became not an angel but a man.
But the very thing that to us is so simple, when we have laid hold of the astonishing place of man in the Person of Christ-this was to them the difficulty. The Lord God being a man, they imagined, must lower Him necessarily below an angel. The Apostle, therefore, has to prove that which to us is an evident matter of truth-of revelation from God -without argument at all. And this he proves from their o w n scriptures. "For unto which of the angels said He at any time, Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten Thee?" Now it is true that angels are sometimes called "sons of God," but God never singles out one and says, "Thou art My Son." In a vague, general way, He speaks of all men as being His sons. He speaks of the angels in a similar way as being His sons. Adam was a son of God-apart, I mean, from the grace of God -as a mere creature of God into whose nostrils He breathed the breath of life. Adam was a son of God; angels were sons of God; but to which of the angels did God ever speak in such language as this? No, it was to a man, for He was thus speaking of the Lord as Messiah here below, and this is what gives the emphasis of the passage. It is not predicated of the Son as eternally such; there would be no wonder in this. None could be surprised, assuredly, that the Son of God, viewed in His own eternal being, should be greater than an angel. But that He, an infant on earth, looked at as the Son of the virgin, should be above all the angels in heaven-this was a wonder to the Jewish mind. And yet, what had in their scriptures a plainer proof? It was not to an angel in heaven, but to the Babe at Bethlehem, that God had said, "Thou art My Son; this day have I begotten Thee"; and again, "I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son"-words said historically of David's son, but, as usual, looking onward to a greater than David or his wise son who immediately succeeded him, Christ is the true and continual object of the inspiring Spirit.
But next follows a still more powerful proof of His glory: "And again, when He bringeth in the first-begotten into the world, He saith, And let all the angels of God worship Him." So far from any angel approaching the glory of the Lord Jesus, it is God Himself who commands that all the angels shall worship Him. "And of the angels He saith, Who maketh His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire." They are but servants, whatever their might, function, or sphere. They may have a singular place as servants, and a spiritual nature accomplishing the pleasure of the Lord, but they are only servants. They never rule. "But unto the Son He saith, Thy throne, 0 God, is forever and ever: a scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Thy kingdom. Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows." Not a word is said about His fellows until God Himself addresses Him as God. The angels worshiped Him; God now salutes Him as God; for such He was, counting it no robbery to be on equality with God, one with the Father.
But this is far from all. The chain of scriptural testimony is carried out and confirmed with another and even more wondrous citation. "God" may be used in a subordinate sense. Elohim has His representatives who are therefore called gods. Magistrates and kings are so named in Scripture. So are they styled, as the Lord told the Jews. The word of God came and commissioned them to govern in earthly things, for it might be no more than in judicial matters. Still, there they were, in their own sphere, representing God's authority, and are called gods, though clearly with a very subordinate force. But there is another name which never is employed in any sense save that which is supreme. The dread and incommunicable name is "Jehovah." Is then the Messiah ever called Jehovah? Certainly He is. And under what circumstances? In His deepest shame. I do not speak now of God's forsaking Christ as the point of view in which He is looked at, though at the same general time.
We that believe can all understand that solemn judgment of our sins on the part of God, when Jesus was accomplishing atonement on the cross. But there was more in the cross than this, which is not the subject of Psalm 102, but rather the Messiah utterly put to shame by man and the people; nevertheless, taking it all-for this was His perfection in it-from the hand of Jehovah. It is under such circumstances He pours out His plaint. Jehovah raised Him up and Jehovah cast Him down. Had atonement, as such, been in view here as in Psalm 22, would it not be put as casting Him down, and then raising Him up? This is the way in which we Christians naturally think of Christ in that which is nearest to the sinner's need and God's answer of grace. But here Jehovah raised Him up and Jehovah cast Him down, which evidently refers to His Messianic place, not to His position as the suffering and afterward glorified Christ, the Head of the Church. He was raised up as the true Messiah by Jehovah on earth and He was cast down by Jehovah on earth. No doubt man was the instrument of it.
The world which He made did not know Him; His own people received Him not, neither would have Him. Jewish unbelief hated Him; the more they knew Him, the less they could endure Him. The goodness, the love, the glory of His Person only drew out the deadly enmity of man, and especially of Israel, for they were worse than the Romans; and all this He, in the perfection of His dependence, takes from Jehovah. For Himself, He came to suffer and die by wicked hands, but it was in the accomplishment of the will and purpose of God His Father. He knew full well that all the power of man or Satan would not have availed one instant before Jehovah permitted it. Hence all is taken meekly, but with none the less agony, from Jehovah's hand; and less or other than this had not been perfection. In the midst of Messiah's profound sense and expression of His humiliation to the lowest point thus accepted from Jehovah, He contrasts His own estate-wasted, prostrate, and coming to nothing. He contrasts it with two things. First, the certainty of every promise being accomplished for Israel and Zion, He unhesitatingly anticipates while He., the Messiah, submits to be given up to every possible abasement. He then contrasts Himself with the great commanding truth of Jehovah's own permanence. And what is the answer from on high to the holy sufferer? Jehovah from above answers Jehovah below; He owns that the smitten Messiah is Jehovah, of stability and unchangeableness equal with His own.
What need of further proof after this? Nothing could be asked or conceived more conclusive as far as concerned His divine glory. And all that the Apostle thinks it necessary to cite after this is the connecting link of His present place on the throne of Jehovah in heaven with all these ascending evidences of His divine glory, beginning with His being Son as begotten in time and in the world; then His emphatic relationship to God as of the lineage of David-not Solomon, save typically, but the Christ really and ultimately-then worshiped by the angels of God; next, owned by God as God and, finally, as Jehovah by Jehovah.
All is closed by the citation of Psalm 110:1, which declares that God bids Him sit as man at His right hand on high till the hour of judgment on His foes. It is one of the most interesting psalms in the whole collection, and of the deepest possible moment as preparatory both to what is now brought in for the Christian (which, however, is hidden here) and to what it declares shall be by-and-by for Israel. Thus it is a sort of bridge between old and new, as it is more frequently quoted in the New Testament than any other Old Testament scripture. "Therefore" (as should be the conclusion, though commencing the next chapter) "we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard, lest at any time we should let them slip. For if the word spoken by angels"- clearly he is still summing up the matter—"was steadfast, and every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense of reward: how shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation; which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them that heard?" It is striking to see how the Apostle takes the place of such as simply had the message, like other Jews, from those who personally heard Him; so completely was he writing, not as the Apostle of the Gentiles magnifying his office, but as one of the people of Israel who were addressed by those who companied with Messiah on earth.
It was confirmed "unto us," says he, putting himself along with his nation instead of conveying his heavenly revelations as one taken out from the people, and the Gentiles, to which last he was sent. He looks at what was their proper testimony, not at that to which he had been separated extraordinarily. He is dealing with them as much as possible on their own ground, though, of course, without compromise of his own. He does not overlook the testimony to the Jews as such: "God also bearing them witness, both with signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and distributions of the Holy Ghost, according to His own will."