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emerald

Boyd’s Bible Dictionary:

A bright green variety of beryl. The emerald (Ex. 28:18; 39:11¹⁸And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. (Exodus 28:18)
¹¹And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. (Exodus 39:11); Ezek. 27:16; 28:13¹⁶Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. (Ezekiel 27:16)
¹³Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. (Ezekiel 28:13); Rev. 4:3; 21:19³And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald. (Revelation 4:3)
¹⁹And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; (Revelation 21:19)) is supposedly the carbuncle, a fiery garnet.

Concise Bible Dictionary:

In the O.T. the word thus translated is nophek, but it is uncertain to which of the precious stones this refers. Some think it is the carbuncle (Ex. 28:18¹⁸And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. (Exodus 28:18); Ex. 39:11¹¹And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. (Exodus 39:11); Ezek. 27:16¹⁶Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. (Ezekiel 27:16); Ezek. 28:13¹³Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. (Ezekiel 28:13)). In the New Testament it is σμάραγδος, which signifies “live coal,” and is supposed to refer to some stone with prismatic crystals (Rev. 4:3³And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald. (Revelation 4:3); Rev. 21:19¹⁹And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; (Revelation 21:19)).

Strong’s Dictionary of Hebrew Words:

Number:

5306 (find all occurrences in KJV Bible)

Transliteration:

nophek

Phonic:

no’-fek

Meaning:

from an unused root meaning to glisten; shining; a gem, probably the garnet

KJV Usage:

emerald

Jackson’s Dictionary of Scripture Proper Names:

enameled