gall, hemlock, poison, venom

“Gall” From Boyd’s Bible Dictionary:

“Gall” From Concise Bible Dictionary:

1. merorah, the gall or bile of animals. It is symbolical of “bitterness:” “he poureth out my gall upon the ground” (Job 16:1313His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground. (Job 16:13)). It is also used for the “poison” of asps (Job 20:14,2514Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him. (Job 20:14)
25It is drawn, and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall: terrors are upon him. (Job 20:25)).
2. rosh, χολή, some exceedingly bitter or poisonous plant not definitely identified. This word is used as symbolical of “bitterness.” To turn to idolatry was like “a root that beareth gall and wormwood” (Deut. 29:1818Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the Lord our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood; (Deuteronomy 29:18)). God’s judgments were given them as water of gall to drink (Jer. 8:1414Why do we sit still? assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the defenced cities, and let us be silent there: for the Lord our God hath put us to silence, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the Lord. (Jeremiah 8:14); Jer. 9:1515Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will feed them, even this people, with wormwood, and give them water of gall to drink. (Jeremiah 9:15); Jer. 23:1515Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts concerning the prophets; Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall: for from the prophets of Jerusalem is profaneness gone forth into all the land. (Jeremiah 23:15); compare Deut. 32:3232For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter: (Deuteronomy 32:32); Lam. 3:5,195He hath builded against me, and compassed me with gall and travail. (Lamentations 3:5)
19Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall. (Lamentations 3:19); Amos 6:1212Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock: (Amos 6:12)). Gall, mixed with the sour wine or vinegar drunk by the Roman soldiers, was given to those about to be crucified, for the purpose, as is now supposed, of making them the less sensitive to the torture. It was offered to the Lord, but refused (Psa. 69:2121They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. (Psalm 69:21); Matt. 27:3434They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink. (Matthew 27:34)). In Mark 15:2323And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not. (Mark 15:23) myrrh is read instead of gall; the meaning would be the same.

“Hemlock” From Concise Bible Dictionary:

1. laanah, “wormwood:” used only in a figurative sense for bitterness or poison (Amos 6:1212Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock: (Amos 6:12)). It is translated WORMWOOD (Deut. 29:1818Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the Lord our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood; (Deuteronomy 29:18); Prov. 5:44But her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a twoedged sword. (Proverbs 5:4); Jer. 9:1515Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will feed them, even this people, with wormwood, and give them water of gall to drink. (Jeremiah 9:15); Jer. 23:1515Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts concerning the prophets; Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall: for from the prophets of Jerusalem is profaneness gone forth into all the land. (Jeremiah 23:15); Lam. 3:15,1915He hath filled me with bitterness, he hath made me drunken with wormwood. (Lamentations 3:15)
19Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall. (Lamentations 3:19); Amos 5:77Ye who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth, (Amos 5:7)). It corresponds with ἄψινθος in Revelation 8:1111And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter. (Revelation 8:11).
2. rosh, some poisonous plant expressive of bitterness or poison (Hos. 10:44They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field. (Hosea 10:4)). The word is elsewhere translated “gall,” “poison,” and “venom.” The common hemlock is the conium maculatum; the water hemlock the cicuta virosa.
Cicuta Virosa

“Poison” From Concise Bible Dictionary:

Asp
King Cobra

Strong’s Dictionary of Hebrew Words:

Number:
7219 (find all occurrences in KJV Bible)
Transliteration:
ro’sh
Phonic:
roshe
Meaning:
or rowsh (Deut. 32:32) {roshe}; apparently the same as 7218; a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents)
KJV Usage:
gall, hemlock, poison, venom