Sabachthani An Aramaic word signifying “forsaken.” Matt: 27:46; Mark 15:34.
Sabaoth
Sabbath A Hebrew word signifying “hosts.” This word always refers to the Jewish Sabbath, and had among Christians been so entirely superseded by the first day of the week, the Lord’s Day, that it is but once named in all the Epistles, Col. 2:16, where it is called “a shadow of things to come.” There remaineth a sabbatical rest for the people of God. Heb. 4:9. The modern Greek name for Sunday is κυριακή Lord’s day, as in Revelation 1:10. The Lord of Sabaoth corresponds with Jehovah of Hosts in the Old Testament. Rom. 9:29; James 5:4.
Sackcloth A rough cloth made of hair, of which sacks and coarse clothing were made. When worn as a symbol of repentance or sorrow it was worn next the skin. Matt. 11:21; Luke 10:13; Rev. 6:12; 11:3.
Sacrifice Often used with reference to the Jewish sacrifices; but Christ came “to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself.” After that one sacrifice, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins. Eph. 5:2; Heb. 9:26; 10:12,26. We are exhorted to present our bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is our intelligent service. Rom. 12:1. To do good and to communicate are sacrifices well pleasing to God. Phil. 4:18; Heb. 13:16. We are exhorted to offer by Christ the sacrifice of praise to God. Heb. 13:15; see also 1 Pet. 2:5.
Sadducees Much less is known of these. Scripture tells us that they did not believe in the resurrection, nor in angels nor spirits, Matt. 22:23; Acts 23:8; the soul perished with the body, Acts 4:1-2. They held to the strongest view of the power of man’s will to good or bad, consequently they were severe judges. They were strict in their regard to the written law; but denied everything not literally and plainly taught in the Scripture, such as the resurrection. They refused the traditions of the elders. Scripture at times classes the Sadducees with the Pharisees in the rebukes administered: “O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?” Matt. 3:7. “A wicked and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign. ... Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.” Matt. 16:4,6. The Sadducees were not nearly as numerous as the Pharisees, and had not as much influence as they; though some of them held the office of high priest and sat in the Sanhedrim.
Saffron is much prized as a condiment; it flavours and enriches soups and food generally. As an aromatic plant it is one of the finest of the perfumes, and is obtained from the Crocus flower.
Saints “Holy ones,” see Heb. 3:1; not that it implies that Christians never sin, but they are set apart for God, and are saints by calling, Rom. 1:7; 1 Cor. 1:2. In Matthew 27:52 we read of “saints” being raised, no doubt O.T. saints. In the Revelation we read of “saints” on the earth after the church will have been taken from the earth. This proves that the term in the N.T. is not confined to believers of the present dispensation, and throws much light on some parts of prophecy.
Salamis A city on the S.E. of Cyprus. By synagogues (in the plural) being mentioned, there were doubtless many Jews living in the place when Paul and Barnabas visited it. Acts 13:5.
Salem Supposed by some to refer to Jerusalem, because of Psalm 76:2 (see Gen. 14:18). Heb. 7:1-2.
Salim John 3:23. {See Aenon.}
Salmone The east point of the island of Crete. Acts 27:7.
Salome One of the women who witnessed the crucifixion, and who brought spices to anoint the Lord’s body. Mark 15:40; 16:1.
Salt
1. A symbol of preservation. Matt. 5:13.
2. A symbol of sound words. Col. 4:6.
3. A symbol of savour, preservation, purification, of perpetuity and incorruption. Mark 9:49.
Salt, too much, (Deut. 29:23; Judg. 9:45) Symbol of judgments.
Salvation It is referred to safety from any danger, as Paul in the shipwreck. etc., Acts 27:31; Heb. 11:7, etc.; but especially has reference to the eternal salvation of the soul. The saints are spoken of as already saved. 2 Tim. 1:9: see also 2 Cor. 2:15; Eph. 2:5,8; Titus 3:5. They are not yet in the glory, and therefore salvation is also spoken of as in the future. Rom. 13:11. In the meantime they are to work out their own salvation from all the evils that are around. Phil. 2:12: see also Heb. 7:25. Salvation, past, present, and future, may be illustrated by Israel being saved out of Egypt, through the wilderness, and into Canaan.
Samaria Some passages refer to the district, situate in the center of Israel, through which travelers passed from Judaea to Galilee. Luke 17:11; John 4:4-5; Acts 1:8; 15:3, etc. In Acts 8:5,9,14 the city of Samaria is spoken of. It was in the O.T. the capital of Israel after the division, 1 Kings 16:24,29. It was razed to the ground by John Hyrcanus but was afterward rebuilt and enlarged by Herod, who called it Sebaste. This was the city visited by Philip. It is beautifully situated, about 6 miles north-west of Nablous, but is now only a miserable village, called Sebustiyeh, with many relics of its former grandeur.
Samos An island on the west coast of Asia Minor, near Ephesus. Acts 20:15.
Samothracia A mountainous island at the extreme N.E. corner of the Aegean Sea. Acts 16:11.
Sanctification ἀγιασμός, devoted to holiness. The same word is translated “holiness.” Rom. 6:19,22; 1 Thess. 4:7; 1 Tim. 2:15; Heb. 12:14. Sanctification is often spoken of as true of all saints, 1 Cor. 6:11; it is in Christ Jesus, 1 Cor. 1:2; and it is by the Holy Spirit, Rom. 15:16. Christ is made unto us sanctification, 1 Cor. 1:30. The saints are also addressed as “holy,” Col. 3:12; 1 Thess. 5:27; Heb. 3:1; “the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are,” 1 Cor. 3:17. Other passages speak of sanctification as a thing being accomplished in the saints. Our Lord prayed that we might be sanctified through the truth: He has set Himself apart in the glory that this might be true of us. John 17:17,19. Paul prayed that the very God of peace might sanctify the Thessalonians wholly, in spirit, soul, and body. 1 Thess. 5:23. The root idea in this word, wherever it occurs in the Scriptures, means setting apart towards an object, and its measure is Christ on high. John 17:19. We have absolute sanctification taught in 1 Corinthians 1:30; 6:11; Hebrews 10:14. We have positional sanctification unfolded in Hebrews 13:12; and progressive sanctification in John 17:17; 1 Thessalonians 5:23. Sanctifying and cleansing are both ascribed to the “Word,” Eph. 5:26; the former setting an object before the soul, the latter completely removing all blemish and defilement. We are sanctified, and are being sanctified. It is as we realize the former and live in its power, that the latter is produced. Both truths should be held with an even hand, both weighed and held in the seven-fold light of the sanctuary.
Sanctuary The holy part of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, Heb. 9:1-2; 13:11, and “the Holiest of all,” Heb. 9:3,8; 10:19. The sanctuary is here called “a worldly” one — it had become such, and stands in contrast to the true tabernacle which the Lord pitched and not man, of the holy things (it is plural) of which the Lord is minister. Heb. 8:2.
Sand A symbol of countless multitudes. Gen. 22:17; 32:12; Psa. 139:18.
Sandals A sole, of wood or leather, fastened to the foot by strings. Mark 6:9; Acts 12:8.
Sapphira The wife of Ananias, who had agreed with her husband to keep back part of the money for which they had sold their land. She fell down at the feet of Peter and expired. Acts 5:1.
Sapphire, σάπφειρος. An azure or sky-blue stone. Rev. 21:19. Occurs in the LXX in Ex. 24:10; Song of Sol. 5:14; Ezek. 28:13, etc. {See “Chalcedony.”}
Sapphire A symbol of glory of the throne of God. Ex. 24:10; Ezek. 1:26.
Sara, Sarah princess. Wife of Abraham: held up as an example of faith, because she judged Him faithful who had promised. An example of an obedient wife, whose daughters morally all Christian wives should be. Rom. 4:19; 9:9; Heb. 11:11; 1 Peter 3:6. A figure of the covenant of grace or promise, Gal. 4:22-31, offered to the Jews, Acts 3:25. Name occurs about 60 times in the Scriptures. Gen. 17.
Sardine, Sardius σάρδιος, -ον, -νος: Stones found in Sardis in Lydia of various colours, some a blood red, and others golden. Rev. 4:3; 21:20. Occurs in the LXX in Ex. 25:7; 28:17; 35:8; 36:17; 39:10; Prov. 25:11-12; Ezek. 28:13. {See “Chalcedony.”}
Sardis Once the rich and chief city of Lydia (where Croesus was king) in the west of Asia Minor. Rev. 1:11; 3:1,4. In the thirteenth century it was destroyed, and now there is only a village with a few inhabitants. {See Ephesus, footnote.}
Sardonyx σαρὀόνυξ. A variety of Chalcedony of various colours, with stripes of a different shade. Rev. 21:20. “Aquila” has the word in Genesis 2:12.
Sarepta It was on or near the seashore in Phoenice, between Tyre and Sidon. Its being a Gentile town gives point to the Lord’s reference to it. Luke 4:26; called in 1 Kings 17:9, Zarephath. A poor village on the hills is called Surafend, but the ruins are on the seashore.
Saron, Sharon, Plain of A maritime district lying north of Jaffa. Acts 9:35. Same as the Plain of Sharon, 1 Chron. 27:29.
Satan The personal name of the devil, the great enemy of God and man. He deceived Eve, and has been and is the great tempter of man to do evil, as he also tempted the Lord. He is called the “god of this world” and the “prince of the power of the air.” His power was annulled for the Christian by Christ on the cross, and believers are exhorted to resist him and he will flee from them; but his wiles are dangerous, for he is able to transform himself into an angel of light. He has access to the lower heavens, from which he and his angels will be cast out. He will be chief of the trinity of evil in conjunction with the head of the future Roman empire and Antichrist. He will be shut up in the bottomless pit for the thousand years of the millennium. After that he will be released for a short time, and will gather the nations together to war against the saints and the beloved city, Jerusalem. The fire of God will destroy the army, and Satan will be cast into the lake of fire and brimstone for eternity. He is called the father of lies and a murderer from the beginning, a great dragon, and the old serpent. See Ezek. 28:11-19.
Saul asked for. Israel’s first king, reigned forty years over all 12 tribes. The history is fully recorded in the first book of Samuel. Man’s choice. Type of the future anti-Christian king who will reign in Israel before the Lord will assume the sovereignty of the world. Dan. 11:36. {See Paul.}
Sau asked for. The future Antichrist, who will reign as king in Israel. Dan. 11:36. Name occurs about 400 times in the Scriptures. 1 Sam. 9.
Saviour The blessed Lord is often called our “Saviour,” and He is also called “the Saviour of the world.” John 4:42. We meet also with “God our Saviour,” or our Saviour-God, 1 Tim. 1:1, etc., which is borne out by many passages. See John 3:16; Rom. 8:33; 1 John 4:9. In 1 Timothy 4:10 God is declared to be the Saviour or preserver of all men.
Savourest mindest. Matt. 16:23.
Sayest i.e. truly Matt. 27:11.
Scall scab. Lev. 13:30.
Scarce, Scarcely with difficulty. Acts 14:18; 1 Peter 4:18.
Scarlet The well-known brilliant colour. Matt. 27: 28 [see “purple” in Mark 15:17]; Heb. 9:19; Rev. 17:3-4; 18:12,16; Lam. 4:5; Num. 4:8. A symbol of worldly grandeur and glory, and thus in the Revelation applied to Rome as a woman sitting on a scarlet beast: she was arrayed in purple and scarlet.
Sceptre
1. A sign of royal authority.
2. A symbol of tribal character of Israel. Esther; Amos 1:5,8; Gen. 49:10.
Schism Simply “division,” as the same word is often translated (John 7:43; 1 Cor. 1:10; 11:18; 1 Cor. 12: 25.
Schoolmaster Used symbolically of what the law was to the Jew (not to the Christian) up to Christ. Gal. 3:24-25.
Science Simply “knowledge,” as the Greek word is often translated. Luke 11:52; Rom. 11:33; 1 Cor. 8:1,7,10-11; Phil. 3:8; 2; 1 Tim. 6:20; Peter 1:5-6.
Scorpion(s) This reptile is very common in the East and wary travellers are careful where they sit as scorpions are found under loose stones, in ruins, etc. and when disturbed sting sharply and severely. Deut. 8:15; Luke 10:19; 11:12. They are lobster-like in appearance, and their poison is secreted in their tails, which they strike with excruciating pain is the result, and oftentimes death, hence the allusion in Revelation 9:3,5,10. A symbol of instruments of mental distress and torment. Rev. 9; Ezek. 2:6.
Scourge, Overflowing A symbol of the King of the north — great political enemy of the Jews and leader of the peoples attacking Israel in the last days. Isa. 28:15,18.
Scourging It was the custom of the Romans to scourge their prisoners, and it was allowed to the Jews to scourge those they judged to be guilty. The punishment was either by rods or whips, the latter being accounted the more painful. Paul was beaten three times with rods, 2 Cor. 11:25, and five times with whips, 2 Cor. 11:24. The Jews were forbidden to inflict more than forty stripes, so that with a whip of three thongs they could give only 39 (2 Cor. 11: 24). We learn from Matthew 27:26; Mark 15:15 that the Lord was scourged by whips, φραγελλόω. The Lord “scourgeth every son whom He receiveth,” Heb. 12:6.
Scrabble to scratch. 1 Sam. 21:13.
Scribes These are often spoken of in the New Testament. They probably took their name from being writers of the law, and from thence came to be teachers of the law. They, with the Pharisees, are described as sitting in Moses’ seat, Matt. 23:2, which would imply more than writing the law: what “they bid” was to be observed; and what they “taught,” Matt. 7:29. The Lord was obliged to add that their works were not to be followed. “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in,” Matt. 23:13. Other woes follow, and then they were addressed: “Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?” Matt. 23:33.
How the scribes taught we do not know, but the people were astonished at the teaching of the Lord: for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes, for He had the welfare of their souls at heart, Matt. 7:29. The Scribes cannot be treated as a separate and distinct sect, but were rather a selection from the several sects, Acts 23:9, who taught the people, so that a person might be both scribe and Pharisee, or scribe and Sadducee. Thus the Pharisee, who was a lawyer in Matthew 22:34-35, is called a scribe in Mark 12:28.
Scrip bag, wallet. Matt. 10:10.
Scythian An inhabitant of the barbarous district north of the Caspian and Black Seas. The term was used to signify the most uncultivated people. Col. 3:11.
Sea
1. A symbol of mass of the peoples in a state of anarchy and confusion. Rev. 8:8; 13:1; Matt. 13:1.
2. A symbol of restlessness of mere nature. Isa. 57:20.
Seal
1. A symbol of confirmation. Security. 2 Tim. 2:19; 1 Cor. 9:2; Eph. 4:30.
2. A symbol of marked for blessing and preservation. Rev. 7; 9:4.
Sealing Sealing is the marking of one for God. It implies that those thus marked or sealed are appropriated and preserved for God. Rev. 7:1-8. Believers are sealed with the Holy Spirit, He being the seal. The consequence of thus possessing the Holy Spirit is to impart the blessed consciousness of relationship, for it is by the Spirit we cry “Abba, Father.” The Holy Spirit dwelling in us is also the power for walk. Rom. 8:14-15, and for worship, John 4:23, and for enjoyment, John 7:38-3). By this also we know that we are in Him — blessed position! — and also that He is in us — solemn responsibility! Sealed with the Spirit and born of the Spirit are distinct actions. “After that ye believed, ye were sealed.” Eph. 1:13. The interval between believing and sealing may be very brief or prolonged, but the point is that the one follows the other. Quickening and the new birth go together, while salvation and sealing are equally coupled. The indwelling Holy Spirit is the seal of salvation, and also the earnest of glory to come, Eph. 1:13-14. The Lord was sealed by God the Father, John 6:27, by the Holy Spirit coming upon Him at His baptism. Believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit unto the day of redemption when the Holy Spirit is given to them, 2 Cor. 1:22; Eph. 1:13; 4:30. The 144,000 of Israel are to be sealed on their foreheads, Rev. 7:3-8.
Seals These were of various forms, with devices engraved on stones. Some had a device on both sides, and were on pivots so that either side could be used. Such a double seal is implied in 2 Tim. 2:19: heaven’s side being, “The Lord knoweth them that are His”; and earth’s side, “Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity.” When we believe the testimony of the Lord, we symbolically attest its truth by setting our seal to it (John 3:33). The roll of coming judgments in Revelation 5 has seven seals attached, which the Lord will open.
Secure void of care. Judg. 8:11.
Seethe to boil. Ex. 16:23.
Selah Pause; consider. Occurs about 70 times in the book of Psalms; also three times in the prophet Habakkuk chapter 3.
Seleucia A seaport of Syria, in the north, near to Antioch, and where Paul and Barnabas landed on their first missionary journey. It is now all deserted. Acts 13:4.
Sensual Led by the senses. In James 3:15 “sensual” is classed with “earthly, devilish,” and in Jude 19 it is in contrast to having the Spirit. It characterizes the flesh of fallen man.
Seraphim (plural) announce the holiness of Jehovah, the Divine glory being their great care and concern; they are only once named in Scripture (Isa. 6); God’s righteousness is the great care of the Cherubim.
Sergius Paulus Roman proconsul of Cyprus, an intelligent man, who called for Barnabas and Saul that he might hear the word of God; he believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord. Acts 13:7.
Serjeant όαβδοῦχος, literally “one who has a rod,” an inferior Roman officer who attended the magistrates to execute their orders, a Lictor. They carried on their shoulders a bundle of rods, in the center of which was an axe, as may often be seen in Roman illustrations. Acts 16:35,38.
Serpent There are so many kinds of serpents that to enumerate them here would be apart from our object. Fully 600 species are known to naturalists. The serpent is the symbol of subtlety and guile, of Satanic and worldly wisdom. Prov. 30:19; Gen. 3; Matt. 10:16; 2 Cor. 11:3; Isa. 27:1; Gen. 49:17.Remarkable for its subtlety; the Lord exhorted His disciples to be as prudent as serpents, Matt. 10:16; but He also calls the Scribes and Pharisees “serpents” because of their cunning mixed with deceit, Matt. 23:33. The danger of serpents is alluded to in Matt. 7:10; Mark 16:18; Luke 10:19; 11:11; 1 Cor. 10:9; Rev. 9:19. Satan is called “that old serpent,” the serpent that “beguiled” Eve, 2 Cor. 11:3; Rev. 12:9,14-15. The crucifixion of our Lord is compared to the brazen serpent lifted up by Moses, John 3:14, as a type of the victory of the cross over sin and Satan.
Servant
1. δοὔλος, one in a servile state, a slave. It is the word most commonly used in the N.T. for servant or rather bondman. Rev. 6:15. In Philippians 2:7 the Lord is said to have taken the form of a bondman. Paul, Peter, James, and John all call themselves bondmen of Jesus Christ; and the saints are constantly addressed as such.
2. παῖς,”a child,” irrespective of age, a servant. Matt. 8:6,8,13; 14:2; Luke 15:26; Acts 4:25. It is applied to the Lord as servant, Matt. 12:18; Acts 4:27,30; and to Israel and to David. Luke 1:54,69.
3. διάκονος, deacon, or servant, in general. John 2:5,9. It is applied to the Lord, Rom. 15:8; Gal. 2:17; to magistrates, Rom. 13:4; and often to labourers in the church. It is translated “deacon,” Phil. 1:1; 1 Tim. 3:8,12; and is applied to Phebe as “a servant of the church,” Rom. 16:1.
4. οίκέτηο, “a household servant.” Luke 16:13; Acts 10:7; Rom. 14:4; 1 Peter 2:18.
5. ύπηρέτης, one under authority, an official servant. It is translated “servant.” Matt. 26:58; Mark 14:54,65; John 18:36.
6. θεράπων, retainer, servant. Occurs only in Hebrews 3:5 in reference to Moses.
7. μισθωτός, μίσθιος, “hired servant,” as labourers were hired in Matt. 20. Mark 1:20; Luke 15:17,19. Hireling, John 10:12-13, is the same as “hired servant.” Slaves once occurs in the A.V., Rev. 18:13, where it should read “bodies” and souls of men.
Seth appointed. Christ in resurrection (Abel in death), the appointed heir of all things, and head of the new creation. Name occurs about 9 times in the Scriptures. Gen. 4.
Seven) Symbol of perfection in mystery, (throughout Revelation).
Shadow Symbol of protection. Mark 4:32; Psa. 91:1.
Shallum retribution. He reigned one month over Israel. Ascended the throne by conspiracy and murder, and himself slain in turn. 2 Kings 15.
Shear-Jashub a remnant shall return. A prophetic sign and name, intimating that a remnant of Israel will be spared from judgment, and recommence the history of the nation in her land. Name occurs but once. Isa. 7:3.
Sheep The first occupation mentioned in Scripture is that of shepherd and the first animal the sheep. Isa. 53:7: John 10. There is no animal so frequently spoken of in the Bible, and none which is so full in illustrating God’s gracious care, and generally of moral character. For sacrifice, for food, and as wealth the sheep occupies the principal place amongst animals in Scripture, and this is not to be wondered at, for Israel is pre-eminently a pastoral country. The occupation of shepherd was anciently an honored and highly respected one; the King of Moab tended his own sheep, so does Jehovah, Psa. 23, and so does our blessed Lord, 1 Peter 5:4. A symbol of objects of God’s care. John 10; 1 Peter 2:25.
Shepherd, Sheep The beautiful symbolical language of Scripture as to Christ being the Shepherd and His followers the sheep, would be well understood in Israel, where many sheep may often be seen following the shepherd, and where they each have a name, and know the shepherd’s voice. The Lord is called the good Shepherd, who gave His life for the sheep, John 10:11,14-15; the great Shepherd, brought from among the dead in the power of the blood of the eternal covenant, Heb. 13:20; and the chief Shepherd, who in the manifestation will give to the faithful under-shepherds the unfading crown of glory, 1 Peter 5:4. Christ led His sheep out of the Jewish fold, and He had other sheep (Gentile Christians), which were not of that fold, these are united into one flock (as John 10:16 should read), there being no longer any sheepfold. A symbol of guide, guardian. Heb. 13:20; 1 Peter 2:25. A symbol of civil and ecclesiastical rulers and guides. Nah. 3:18; Ezek. 34.
Sherd shred, fragment. Isa. 30:14.
Shewbread “Bread of presentation” Matt. 12:4; Mark 2:26; Luke 6:4; Heb. 9:2. The twelve loaves were continually before the Lord in the holy place, even after the 10 tribes had separated.
Shield A symbol of protection and defence. Gen. 15:1; Psa. 3:3; Eph. 6:16.
Ships A symbol of commerce. Gen. 49:13; Rev. 8:9; 18:19.
Shittim Wood or stem of the Shittah Tree, was extensively employed in the construction of the Tabernacle. It abounded in the Arabian Deserts, and could be easily procured in the Sinaitic Peninsula. From its quantity and various properties, it was admirably adapted for the sacred purposes to which it was applied. A symbol of the holy humanity of our Lord Jesus. See book of Exodus.
Shoes off A symbol of reverence. Ex. 3:5.
Shoes The same as sandals, pieces of leather or wood worn under the foot, tied by strings. Matt. 3:11; 10:10, etc. A symbol of Christian walk and wilderness traveling. Ex. 12:11; Eph. 6:15.
Shoulder A symbol of ability; strength to bear or carry burdens. Isa. 22:22; Luke 15:5.
Shrines Models of the heathen temple. Acts 19:24.
Sicarii These are referred to in Acts 21:38, but are there called “murderers.” They were as assassins called Sicarii from the weapon which they carried — a dagger bent like the Roman sica. This they concealed under their garments until within reach of their victims. Josephus also mentions the Egyptian, their leader, who pretended to be a prophet. In his account he gives his followers as 30,000, which may have been the ultimate number gathered to him. Acts 21:38 names 4,000 as having been “led out into the wilderness.”
Sidon called Zidon in the O.T. A port and city in Phoenice. It was of great renown in O.T. times, but was prophesied against by Jehovah. Matt. 11:21; 15:21; Mark 3:8; 7:24; Luke 4:26; 6:17; 10:13; Acts 12:20; 27:3. The place is still a green spot, and its fruits of the best quality.
Silas A prophet and a “chief man” among the brethren, sent from Jerusalem with Paul and Barnabas, testifying to the decision as to the freedom of Gentiles from keeping the law. He accompanied Paul in his second missionary journey, was imprisoned at Philippi, where, with Paul, he sang praises to God, though he had been much beaten, and his feet were in the stocks. Acts 15:22-40; 16:19,25,29; 17:4,10,14-15;18:5.
Silk Supposed to be so named from the place called Seres, in the East, from which it first came. Rev. 18:12.
Siloam, Pool of John 9:7,11. {See Jerusalem.}
Siloam, Tower of This has not been identified. Luke 13:4.
Silvanus By comparing these passages (2 Cor. 1:19; 1 Thess. 1:1; 2 Thess. 1:1; 1 Pet. 5:12) with the Acts, it is generally supposed that Paul alludes to Silas. Whether Peter also refers to the same we have no means of knowing.
Silver The common white metal, next in value to gold. Rev. 9:20; 18:12. “Pieces of silver” are often referred to as money. Matt. 26:15; 27:3,5-6,9; Luke 15:8-9; Acts 19:19. {See Money in Bible Subjects}
Silver A symbol of the price of Redemption — the precious blood of Christ. Ex. 30:12-16.
Silverling silver coin. Isa. 7:23.
Simeon
1. A just and pious man at Jerusalem, to whom it was revealed that he should not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. On the presentation of Jesus he took Him up in his arms, blessed God, and said, “Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace, according to Thy word; for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation.” Luke 2:25.
2. The Hebrew form of Simon, alluding to Peter Acts 15:14. In 2 Peter 1:1 it is also Simeon in the Greek.
3. A teacher at Antioch, surnamed Niger. Acts 13:1.
4. One in the genealogy in Luke 3:30.
Simon
1. Simon Peter {see Peter}.
2. Simon the Canaanite (or Canaanite, or Zealot, and therefore called Simon Zelotes), one of the twelve apostles, but of whom nothing further is recorded. Matt. 10:4; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13.
3. Simon, one of the brethren of the Lord. Matt. 13:55; Mark 6:3.
4. Simon the leper, at whose house “a woman” anointed the head of the Lord. Matt. 26:6; Mark 14:3. By comparing these passages with John 12:1-3 it would appear that Martha and Mary lived in the same house with, and were perhaps related to, Simon, and that it was Mary who used the ointment.
5. Simon the Cyrenian who was made to carry the Lord’s cross. Matt. 27:32; Mark 15:21; Luke 23:26.
6. Simon the Pharisee, who invited Jesus to his house, where a woman who was a sinner anointed the feet of the Lord, which raised unworthy thoughts in Simon’s mind, and led to his being rebuked, while the woman was forgiven. Luke 7:36-50.
7. Simon, father of Judas Iscariot. John 6:71.
8. Simon the tanner, at whose house Peter was lodging when sent for by Cornelius. Acts 9:43.
9. Simon Magus, one who had deceived the people of Samaria by magic arts, but who professed to believe at the preaching of Philip. When he saw that the apostles were able to impart the Holy Spirit by the laying on of their hands, he offered money to purchase the like powers (from which has arisen the word “Simony”); but was denounced by Peter. Tradition records that he did much mischief among the saints, and died by his own hand. Acts 8:9-24.
Sin Various Greek words are translated “sin” and “iniquity.”
1. ἀδικία, “unjust, injustice.” It is translated “wrong,” 2 Cor. 12:13; “unjust,” Luke 16:8; 18:6; “unrighteousness,” Luke 16:9; 2 Thess. 2:10; 1 John 5:17, etc.
2. ἀμαρτία, “deviation, sin.” This is the word commonly translated “sin.” It is used in Romans to chapter 5:11 for man’s sins; then in verse 12 onward for the principle of sin, or sin as man’s nature, Rom. 3:9,20; 4:7-8; 5:12-13,20-21; 6:1-23; 7:5-25; 1 John 1:7-9, etc.; once translated “sinful,” Rom. 8.3; “offence,” 2 Cor. 11: 7.
3. ἀνομία, -μος, “lawless,” “lawlessness.” Translated “unrighteousness,” 2 Cor. 6:14; “iniquity,” Matt. 24:12; Rom. 4:7; 6:19; 2 Thess. 2:7, etc., and [incorrectly] “transgression of the law,” 1 John 3:4. The verse should read, “Every one that practices sin practices also lawlessness; and sin is lawlessness.” This is important, being a definition of sin. We read of some who sinned without law.
4. παρανομία, “beside the law”: “transgression.” Translated “iniquity,” 2 Peter 2:16; and the verb “contrary to the law,” Acts 23:3.
5. παράπτωμα, “a falling away, offence, fault.” Translated “fall,” Rom. 11:11-12: “fault,” Gal. 6:1; James 5:16; “offence,” Rom. 4:25; 5:15-18,20; “trespass,” Matt. 6:14-15; 18:35; Mark 11:25-26; 2 Cor. 5:19; Eph. 2:1; Col. 2:13; “sins,” Eph. 1:7; 2:5; Col. 2:13.
6. πονηρία, “wickedness, malignity.” Translated “wickedness,” Matt. 22:18; Mark 7:22; Luke 11:39; Rom. 1:29; 1 Cor. 5:8; Eph. 6:12; “iniquity,” Acts 3:26.
7. Transgression is παράβασις from “to go beyond” or avoid a boundary; it supposes a law which can be broken, Rom. 4:15; 5:14; Gal. 3:19; 1 Tim. 2:14; Heb. 2:2; 9:15; it is always translated “transgression,” except in Romans 2:23, where it is “breaking.” The verb is once “fall by transgression,” Acts 1:25.
8. παρέρχομαι, “to pass by,” is once translated “transgressed,” Luke 15:29.
9. Two Greek words are translated “error”
a. άγνόημα, “a sin of ignorance,” Heb. 9:7.
b. πλάνη, “a wandering, straying.” It is “error,” Matt. 27:64; Rom. 1:27; James 5:20; 2 Peter 2:18; 3:17; 1 John 4:6; Jude 11; “delusion,” 2 Thess. 2:11; “deceit,” 1 Thess. 2:3; and “to deceive,” Eph. 4:14.
Sin and Sins Sin and sins are often confounded, but their distinctness and the application of Christ’s work thereto are essentially important in the understanding of Christianity, and for the profound peace of our souls. Paul in his great foundation epistle, the Romans, separately treats those subjects. The first three chapters discuss the question of what man has done — sins, and presents God’s answer in the blood of Jesus, Rom. 3:25; but from Rom. 5:12 Till Rom. 7 the subject is a much deeper one than of actions merely, it is of man’s state or condition. What I have done, refers to sins; what I am, is sin. Remission of sins is by blood, Eph. 1:7; deliverance from sin is by death, Rom. 6. Christ died for my sins, but I die in Him unto sin. Sins are forgiven, but sin is condemned. We do not want forgiveness for the state we are in by nature; we need deliverance from it. The sin of the world, that is all defilement and impurity, will most certainly be removed, the ground on which it will be righteously accomplished having been already laid in the cross of the Lord Jesus Christ. Heb. 9:26. “Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world,” John 1:29; the sin of the world and the sins of believers are never confounded in Scripture, 1 John 2:2. Many do confound them, but the difficulty is at once removed, and the perfect application of sin to the world and sins to believers established by deleting the italicized words in the text of 1 John 2:2.
Sina, Sinai, Mount In the O.T. Mount Sinai and Mount Horeb are closely associated; so Acts 7 speaks of the angel of the Lord appearing to Moses in a flame of fire in a bush in the wilderness of Mount Sina; whereas Exodus 3:1 speaks of it as being on the mountain of God, even Horeb. Acts 7:30,38; Gal. 4:24-25. A range of hills lies between the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Akabah, which bears the names of Horeb and Sinai, the former embracing a larger range than the latter. In the Galatians it is used symbolically to point out the bondage of the law in contrast to the liberty of the children of God.
Sincere pure. 1 Pet. 2:2.
Sion Same as Mount Zion of the O.T. It was evidently a part of Jerusalem, which was also called the city of David, and where he dwelt. 2 Sam. 5:7; 1 Chron. 11:7. The ark was afterward taken to the same place. From this connection it came to be typical of the place of blessing, and also of the Messiah’s royal power on earth. It is not certain which part of Jerusalem was Mount Zion: it was probably on the S.W. communicating with the temple area by a bridge. Matt. 21:5; John 12:15; Rom. 9:33; 11:26; Heb. 12:22; 1 Peter 2:6; Rev. 14:1.
Sith since. Ezek. 35:6.
Six Symbol of short of perfection. The ‘six’ wings in Rev. 4:8 are two threes. Rev. 13:18.
Skin A symbol of outward appearance revealing inward condition. Lev. 13.
Sleep A symbol of death as to the body; it is never used of the soul. 1 Cor. 11:30; John 11:11; 1 Thess. 4:14. A symbol of moral death. 1 Thess. 5:6-7.
Sleight Methodic craft, “as practiced by dice-players,” characterized the teachings to which the apostle refers. Eph. 4:14.
Slime bitumen. Gen. 11:3.
Smoke A symbol of blinding and darkening judgment. Isa. 14:31; Rev. 9:2-3,17-18.
Smyrna A renowned commercial city in the west of Asia Minor, about 40 miles north of Ephesus. Rev. 1:11; 2:8. Polycarp is called in history the first bishop of Smyrna: it is where he suffered martyrdom. Modern Smyrna is a large city of more than 180,000 inhabitants; many are attached to the Greek and Armenian churches. Steamers from Europe call there. {See Ephesus.}
Snail These are the only places where the word occurs. In the one passage it is classed amongst the unclean and in the other the nasty slimy trail of this slow-going creature is referred to. Lev. 11:30; Psa. 58:8.
Snare Trap set for animals, a hidden danger — see Proverbs 1:17, Luke 21:35; Rom. 11:9; 1 Tim. 3:7; 6:9; 2 Tim. 2:26; also a noose, that could be thrown over to ensnare, 1 Cor. 7:35.
Snow A symbol of whiteness, purity. Rev. 1:14; Matt. 28:3; Lam. 4:7; Psa. 51:7.
Sober Sober-minded, Sobriety
1. Clearness of mind, unaffected by false influences. 1 Thess. 5:6,8; 1 Tim. 3:11; Titus 2:2; 1 Pet. 1:13; 5:8.
2. “Sound mind,” opposed to that which is foolish or erratic. Acts 26:25; Rom. 12:3; 2 Cor. 5:13; 1 Tim. 2:9,15; 3:2; Tit. 1:8; 2:4,12; 1 Pet. 4:7.
Sockets of Silver and of Brass A symbol of founded, established, secured on the ground of the blood of Christ (silver), and the divine ability of Christ in meeting the judgment of God (brass). See book of Exodus.
Sod to boil. Gen. 25:29.
Sodom, Sodoma Mostly associated with Gomorrah, cities of the plain, the destruction of which by direct judgment from heaven is recorded in Genesis 19 and is ever afterward held up as a warning to the wicked; and as pointing out that the rejecters of Christ and His gospel must look for an even more severe condemnation. In Revelation 11:8, Jerusalem, because of its grievous sins, is “spiritually called Sodom.” Matt. 10:15; 11:23; Mark 6:11; Luke 10:12; 17:29; Rom. 9:29; 2 Peter 2:6; Jude 7. The situation of the cities has not been traced, but they are supposed to have some association with the Dead Sea.
Soldier Those named in the N.T. are Roman soldiers. By Acts 23:23 it will be seen that a large number were kept at Jerusalem. The Jews had some to guard the temple, referred to in Matthew 27:65-66. That the soldiers’ temptation was to oppress the inhabitants is plain from the counsel John gave them. Luke 3:14. Paul describes the characteristics of the Christian soldier in 2 Timothy 2:3-4.
Solomon peaceable. Israel’s third king, reigned forty years over all 12 tribles. He is spoken of as “the king and the king’s son,” Psa. 72. Type of the Lord in millennial peace and glory. The united reigns of David and Solomon are typical of the millennial reign of the Lord Jesus Christ, and sought to by the near and distant heathen, 1 Kings 11. He is referred to in the New Testament, (a,) to teach that man’s works of art in their utmost glory are not to be compared with the simplest wild flower made by God; (b,) that though he was the wisest man, his wisdom was far exceeded by the Lord; (c,) that though Solomon built a house for God, yet the most high dwelleth not in hand-made temples. Matt. 6:29; 12:42; Luke 11:31; 12:27; Acts 7:47
Sometimes once. Eph. 2:13; 5:8; Titus 3:3.
Sonship Christians are termed “sons” and “children,” the former expressing their dignity, being a public title; the latter their filial relationship. Angels, because of their place and greatness in the scale of creation, are termed “sons of God,” Job 38:7. Jesus is called “the Son of God” because of His pre-eminent and personal place and glory, but not once is He termed “child of God.” In Acts 4:27, “child Jesus” should be “servant Jesus.” The apostle John in his epistles and gospel does not once style us “sons,” but always “children,” as the family and not the dignity of its members is his main theme. In John 1:12 and 1 John 3:2 “sons of God” reads “children of God.” Paul frequently treats both of relationship and dignity; hence the abundant use of the terms “children” and “sons” in his writings.
Soothsaying Divining, making professed revelations; but in Acts 16:16 the young woman was possessed by a “spirit,” which Paul cast out. {See Divination.}
Sorcerer, Sorcery
1. μἀγος Magi or wise men of the East, who might turn their knowledge to a legitimate or to a bad use. It is connected with magical arts (Acts 8:9,11; 13:6,8).
2. φαρμακός influenced by “a drug,” and hence magical incantation (Rev. 9:21; 18:23; 21:8; 22:15): translated “witchcraft” in Galatians 5:20.
Sosthenes The chief ruler of the synagogue at Corinth, who was beaten by the Greeks before the judgment seat. The words “the Greeks” are omitted by most editors, and a few manuscripts read “the Jews”; but most probably Gentiles are meant. The Sosthenes of 1 Corinthians 1:1 may not be the same person. Acts 18:17; 1 Cor. 1:1.
Soul ψυχή, life, soul. The word is often translated “life,” Matt. 10:39; John 10:11,15,17; 1 John 3:16; Rev. 8:9) It is translated “heart,” Eph. 6:6, and “mind,” Acts 14:2; Phil. 1:27; Heb. 12:3, in all of which it is better translated “soul.” A man is composed of spirit, soul, and body, 1 Thess. 5:23. It is not always easy to distinguish between the soul and the spirit, but Scripture makes a difference: ψυχή is the only word translated “soul” in the A.V. and πνεῦμα is the common word for “spirit.” In Genesis 2:7 we read that God breathed into Adam’s nostrils the breath of life; and he, not had a soul, but became a soul. (See 1 Cor. 15:45). So that the “soul” represents personality, the “I” of each person. This agrees with Acts 2:41, where instead of speaking of so many “persons,” it is 3000 “souls.” (See also Luke 12:19.) Again, salvation is for the individual: “thou shalt be saved,” Acts 16:31, which is the same as the soul being saved, Heb. 10:39. Further, as to the Spirit, we learn that the essence of the law was for man to love God with his whole being: “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength,” Mark 12:30. Now here the “soul” is named; but what about the “spirit,” which is also a part of man, and which we may be sure is included? The “spirit” has been described as “the seat of the intellectual and moral power” of the man. This agrees both with 1 Corinthians 2:11, and with the above passage, for the heart, mind, and strength are the powers controlled by the “spirit.” In accordance with this we get exhortations as to our spirit which would not at all apply to our soul, as “Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit,” 2 Cor. 7:1. Let the adorning of the wives be a “meek and quiet spirit.” 1 Peter 3:4. “Blessed are the poor in spirit.” Matt. 5:3. The spirit and the soul are the immortal parts of man. The Lord Jesus at His death commended His spirit unto His Father, Luke 23:46, and in Hebrews 12:23 we are come to “the spirits of just men made perfect.” Of the soul Jesus said men cannot kill it, Matt. 10:28. John in the Revelation on two occasions saw the souls of the martyrs, Rev. 6:9; 20:4. The spirit is the higher part of man, the part in which he is in relationship with God, inasmuch as God had breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. When the Holy Spirit is given to a Christian it is that he should not do the things that he would do by the flesh, Gal. 5:17; he is to pray with the Spirit; sing with the Spirit; walk in the Spirit; be led by the Spirit; so that in some passages it is difficult to say whether it is the Holy Spirit or a man’s own spirit that is spoken of. Blessed privilege for all who know it, and are walking in the power of an ungrieved Spirit.
Spain The well-known country in Europe. Whether Paul visited Spain after his first imprisonment at Rome is not known. We have no detailed record of his latest movements. Rom. 15:24,28.
Sparrow This is the most common small bird of any known and as there are upwards of 100 different kinds in Israel alone it is believed that as a rule the word must be taken as meaning small birds in general. They are the commonest of God’s creatures, yet a symbol of Divine care and regard for even the most common things. Psa. 84:3; Matt. 10:29,31.
Sped succeeded. Judg. 5:30.
Spices A symbol of Divine graces. A symbol of moral graces. Ex. 30:23-38; Song of Sol. 4:14.
Spider The plans and devices of the wicked are compared to the spider’s web, Isa. 59:5. This ingenious little insect weaves its web with consummate skill, which is all the more remarkable considering its fragile character. Job 8:14; Pro. 30:28.
Spikenard υάρδος πιστικός, “Pure nard,” supposed to be called spikenard because of the “spikes” put forth from the stalk of the plant, an Indian product. It is described as having a taste bitter and acrid, but is a costly aromatic perfume of agreeable smell. Mark 14:3; John 12:3.
Spiritual Mostly used in the N.T. in reference to the Holy Spirit, and that which He begets in the Christian, and which a natural man cannot know. 1 Cor. 2:13-16. The saints are built up a spiritual house, 1 Pet. 2:5; they are blessed with all spiritual blessings in the heavenlies in Christ, Eph. 1:3. As to the state of the saints we read of some who were “spiritual,” Gal. 6:1, and some who were not spiritual, but carnal, 1 Cor. 3:1. The body of the saint will be raised a spiritual body, fit for the glory, 1 Cor. 15:44,46. There is also spiritual wickedness in the heavenlies against which the Christian has to wrestle, Eph. 6:12. This word denotes a healthy, vigorous, Christian condition as opposed to an unhealthy one as “carnal,” or the state of the unbeliever as “natural.” The true, normal condition of the Christian, as indwelt and energized by the Holy Spirit, is set forth by this word “spiritual.”
Sporting disporting. 2 Peter 2:13.
Spue A symbol of loathing and utter rejection. Rev. 3:16; Lev. 18:28.
Stacte or the Gum of the Storax Tree is extensively used in chest complaints. An aromatic plant was one of the ingredients in the holy incense.
Staff
1. Sign of wilderness journeying. Psa. 23:4; Mark 6:8; Heb. 11:21.
2. Emblem of power and of judgment. Isa. 14:5; Isa. 10:5.
Stagger hesitate. Rom. 4:20.
Star in the East This was doubtless a “star” that God caused to appear for the occasion: “It ... stood over where the young child was.” Traditions were abroad that a deliverer was soon to be born, and God led the Magi to associate this star with the birth of a king of the Jews. They called it “His star.” Matt. 2:2-10.
Stars A symbol of subordinate lights and rulers. Mark 13:25; Rev. 1:16; 6:13; Rev. 8:12; 12:1; Dan. 8:10.
Staves of Shittim Wood and Gold A symbol of Christ in the dignity of his person (wood as man and gold as God) sustaining us in our wilderness path. Ex. 25:28.
Steads place. 1 Chron. 5:22.
Stephanas A Corinthian whom, with his household, Paul had baptized: they were the first fruits of Achaia, and had devoted themselves to minister to the saints. Paul exhorted the Corinthian saints to submit to them. 1 Cor. 1:16; 16:15,17.
Stephen One of the seven chosen to attend to the poor saints: he is there described as a man “full of faith and of the Holy Ghost.” Certain disputed with him, but were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake. They caused him to be brought before the Sanhedrim, in whose sight his face appeared like an angel’s. In his defence he charged them with always resisting the Holy Spirit, and with being the betrayers and murderers of the Just One. They cast him out and stoned him. He was the first Christian martyr, and to him the heaven was opened, and he saw Jesus standing at the right hand of God. Acts 6:5,8-9; 7:59; 8:2; 22:20.
Stoning A capital punishment by stones being hurled at the person. It was practiced in Egypt, Ex. 8:26, and was enacted by Moses, Lev. 20:2,27, etc. Attempts were twice made to stone the Lord, John 8:59; 10:31. Stephen was stoned to death, Acts 7:58-59. Paul was once stoned, and left for dead, Acts 14:19.
Stork This large bird was forbidden to the Jews as food. Jer. 8:7; Zech. 5:9. There are two kinds, black and white, both abounding in Israel. The regularity of her return to her old haunts, and the etymological signification of the word — implying tenderness and filial affection — has caused this well-known bird to be warmly welcomed, and in some countries actually protected by the law. It is also a useful sanitary bird.
Strait narrow. Matt. 7:13.
Stricken advanced. Luke 1:7.
Strike wave. 2 Kings 5:11.
Stumbling-block
1. σκάνδαλον, “to halt,” used for the “catch” of a trap or snare, that gives way when trodden on. Rom. 11:9; Rev. 2:14. In 1 Cor. 1:23 preaching Christ crucified became a stumbling-block to the Jews who demanded a sign.
2. πρόςκομμα, anything laid in the way, over which one may stumble, Rom. 14:13; 1 Cor. 8:9. Translated “stumbling,” 1 Peter 2:8, and “offence,” Rom. 14:20; and with λίθος, “stumbling stone,” Rom. 9:32-33.
Substitution Scripture nowhere speaks of Christ bearing the sins of the world. Dying for sins and bearing sins are believers’ truths. 1 Cor. 15:3; 1 Peter 2:24. Universal bearing of sins by Christ necessarily involves the monstrous thought of universal salvation by Christ. Substitution is the actual bearing of the sins of all who believe, and is taught in such passages as Isaiah 53:6; 1 Peter 2:24, etc. The sins, iniquities, and transgressions of the people (Israel) confessed over the head of the scapegoat, and the animal thus burdened sent away to return no more, finely illustrates the truth of substitution, Lev. 16:21-22; this substitutionary work will be made good for Israel on the return of Christ from the most holy place where He is now for us; then will Israel take up the language of their favourite prophet, Isaiah, and say, “The Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all.” We, as believers on the Lord Jesus Christ, can now say our sins were borne by Him on the tree and are remembered no more, and this on the sure testimony of the Holy Spirit. Heb. 10:17.
Sun A symbol of supreme glory, light, power, and authority. Rev. 1:16; 8:12; 12:1; 16:8; Mal. 4:2.
Supper Symbol of a closing feast. Luke 14:16; 1 Cor. 11:20; Rev. 19:9,17.
Supper δεῖπνον, “an evening meal.” Last meal before midnight.
1. It refers to an ordinary meal or a feast, Mark 6:21; Luke 14:12; John 12:2; Rev. 19:9.
2. Typical of the gospel feast, Luke 14:16-24.
3. The paschal feast, Luke 22:20; John 13:2,4.
4. The supper of the great God for the fowls of the air when He acts in judgment, Rev. 19:17.
5. The Lord’s supper, 1 Cor. 11:20.
6. A symbol of grace or judgment. Luke 14:16-24; Rev. 3:20; 19:9,17.
Susanna One of the pious women who had the honour of ministering to the Lord of their substance. Luke 8:3.
Swallow It is difficult to particularly identify the smaller birds which are much more plentiful in Israel than with us. No doubt a group of small migratory birds is here intended, birds almost ever on the wing moreover. As the sparrow is the most common of birds, the swallow is the most restless. A symbol of restlessness. Psa. 84:3; Prov. 26:2.
Swan This beautiful aquatic bird was ranked among the unclean birds. It little matters whether the modern swan is the one meant in the passage as undoubtedly a water bird is referred to. Lev. 11:18; Deut. 14:16.
Sweet-Cane an aromatic plant is mentioned in Jeremiah 6:20, and Isaiah 43:24, but is in other passages translated “Calamus”. {See Calamus.}
Swelling haughty. 2 Peter 2:18.
Swine This most filthy and unclean of all animals was an abhorrence to the Jews. Christ upheld the majesty of the law by granting permission to the expelled demons to enter the herd of swine and destroy them, for these animals ought not to have been kept within the territory of Israel. Deut. 14:8; Isa. 65:4. A swine herd was a degrading employment, Luke 15:15, and the filthy habits of the sow are made to illustrate a deeply important truth in 2 Peter 2:22. A symbol of uncleanness in nature and practice. Matt. 7:6; 2 Peter 2:22; Isa. 66:3,17; Deut. 14:8.
Sword The Romans used short broad swords, which hung in sheaths to a belt. The common people also carried swords, as is seen by Peter having one when the Lord was arrested. When the Lord was about to leave them He told them to buy a sword (take care of themselves). The sword of the Spirit is the Word of God, Eph. 6:17, which is sharper than any two-edged sword, Heb. 4:12. Magistrates bearing a sword (not a rod), Rom. 13:4, shows that capital punishment is in no way rescinded by the gospel. The Lord, on account of His rejection, said He had not come to send peace on the earth but a sword, Matt. 10:34: see Luke 2:14.
1. A symbol of keen searching judgment of the Word of God. Heb. 4:12.
2. A symbol of war and bloodshed. Judgment. Rev. 6:4; Rev. 19:15.
3. A symbol of magisterial authority and power. Rom. 13:4.
Sycamine This is supposed to be the black mulberry, which in the East is still called the Sycamenia. Luke 17:6.
Sycamore Tree The Ficus Sycomorus of botanists, a species of mulberry tree, bearing sycamore-figs, which are small and are only eaten by the poor, but neither as fine nor large as the ordinary fig of Eastern lands. It has strong branches, low down, and is admirably adapted for the purpose for which Zacchaeus selected it. Luke 19:4. The tree is used in the construction of the Mummy boxes of Egypt and in Egyptian articles of furniture generally. It is the most lasting wood known.
Sychar A city of Samaria, “near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph. Now Jacob’s well was there.” John 4:5. Its site has not been identified very clearly, but is associated by some with Sychem; but the Bordeaux Pilgrim, A.D. 333; speaks of Sichem as 1,000 paces from Sychar. Others place it at Askar.
Sychem The Greek form of Shechem. Acts 7:16. This is now mostly identified with the modern Nablous, which contains a small Samaritan synagogue, and five mosques. About a mile and a half to the S.E. is what is said to be Jacob’s well, and about a quarter of a mile to the north of this is the reputed Joseph’s tomb. Near to Nablous are the mountains of Ebal and Gerizim, on the latter of which the Samaritans still kill and eat the Passover, and there are ruins on a spot where it is supposed their temple stood (see John 4:20).
Syntyche A Christian woman at Philippi, who strove together with Paul in the gospel: she was exhorted to be of the same mind in the Lord with Euodias: they had apparently differed on some point. Phil. 4:2.
SyracuseA renowned city on the east coast of Sicily. Paul spent three days there on his voyage to Rome. Acts 28:12.
Syria It is named with Cilicia, and associated with the mission to the Gentiles. Syria lies to the north of Israel, with Mesopotamia on the east, and the Mediterranean Sea and Cilicia on the west; but the word “Syria” is used by the Romans as including Israel as well as the parts to the north. Matt. 4:24; Acts 15:23,41, etc.
Syrophenician A woman who was a Greek, but a Syrophenician by race; that is, one who was a native of Phenicia in the province of Syria. Being a Gentile, when she took the place of a dog, the Lord granted her petition. Mark 7:26.