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Isaiah 58

Isa. 58:3 KJV (With Strong’s)

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3
Whereforea have we fasted
tsuwm (Hebrew #6684)
to cover over (the mouth), i.e. to fast
KJV usage: X at all, fast.
Pronounce: tsoom
Origin: a primitive root
, say they, and thou seest
ra'ah (Hebrew #7200)
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
KJV usage: advise self, appear, approve, behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X surely, X think, view, visions.
Pronounce: raw-aw'
Origin: a primitive root
not? wherefore have we afflicted
`anah (Hebrew #6031)
to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)
KJV usage: abase self, afflict(-ion, self), answer (by mistake for 6030{/SI}}}6030{/SI}}/SI}}6030}6030{/SI}{/SI}), chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt, ravish, sing (by mistake for 6030{/SI}}}6030{/SI}}/SI}}6030}6030{/SI}{/SI}), speak (by mistake for 6030{/SI}}}6030{/SI}}/SI}}6030}6030{/SI}{/SI}), submit self, weaken, X in any wise.
Pronounce: aw-naw'
Origin: a primitive root (possibly rather ident. with 6030{/SI}}}6030{/SI}}/SI}}6030}6030{/SI}{/SI} through the idea of looking down or browbeating)
b our soul
nephesh (Hebrew #5315)
properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
KJV usage: any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire, X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they, thing, (X she) will, X would have it.
Pronounce: neh'-fesh
Origin: from 5314
, and thou takest no knowledge
yada` (Hebrew #3045)
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.) (as follow)
KJV usage: acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), X will be, wist, wit, wot.
Pronounce: yaw-dah'
Origin: a primitive root
? Behold, in the day
yowm (Hebrew #3117)
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
KJV usage: age, + always, + chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, + (for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually, presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space, then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole (+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
Pronounce: yome
Origin: from an unused root meaning to be hot
of your fast
tsowm (Hebrew #6685)
or tsom {tsome}; from from 6684; a fast: --fast(-ing).
Pronounce: tsome
ye find
matsa' (Hebrew #4672)
properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
KJV usage: + be able, befall, being, catch, X certainly, (cause to) come (on, to, to hand), deliver, be enough (cause to) find(-ing, occasion, out), get (hold upon), X have (here), be here, hit, be left, light (up-)on, meet (with), X occasion serve, (be) present, ready, speed, suffice, take hold on.
Pronounce: maw-tsaw'
Origin: a primitive root
pleasure
chephets (Hebrew #2656)
pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)
KJV usage: acceptable, delight(-some), desire, things desired, matter, pleasant(-ure), purpose, willingly.
Pronounce: khay'-fets
Origin: from 2654
, and exact
nagas (Hebrew #5065)
to drive (an animal, a workman, a debtor, an army); by implication, to tax, harass, tyrannize
KJV usage: distress, driver, exact(-or), oppress(-or), X raiser of taxes, taskmaster.
Pronounce: naw-gas'
Origin: a primitive root
all your ψlabors
`atseb (Hebrew #6092)
a (hired) workman
KJV usage: labour.
Pronounce: aw-tsabe'
Origin: from 6087
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a
Mal. 3:14• 14Ye say, It is vain to serve God; and what profit is it that we keep his charge, and that we walk mournfully before Jehovah of hosts? (Mal. 3:14)
b
Lev. 16:29• 29And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you. In the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, the home-born, and the stranger that sojourneth among you; (Lev. 16:29)
ψ
griefs, or, things wherewith ye grieve others.

More on:

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Day,
Fast; Fasting,
Soul; Spirit

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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have we fasted.
Num. 23:4• 4And God met Balaam; and Balaam said to him, I have disposed seven altars, and have offered up a bullock and a ram upon each altar. (Num. 23:4)
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Mic. 3:9‑11• 9Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of the house of Jacob, and princes of the house of Israel, that abhor judgment, and pervert all equity,
 10that build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with unrighteousness.
 11The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money; yet do they lean upon Jehovah, and say, Is not Jehovah in the midst of us? no evil shall come upon us. (Mic. 3:9‑11)
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Zech. 7:5‑7• 5Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh month, even those seventy years, did ye really fast unto me, even unto me?
 6And when ye ate, and when ye drank, was it not you that were eating and drinking?
 7Are not these the words that Jehovah cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and at peace, and her cities round about her, when the south and the lowland were inhabited? (Zech. 7:5‑7)
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Mal. 3:14• 14Ye say, It is vain to serve God; and what profit is it that we keep his charge, and that we walk mournfully before Jehovah of hosts? (Mal. 3:14)
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Matt. 20:11‑12• 11And on receiving it they murmured against the master of the house,
 12saying, These last have worked one hour, and thou hast made them equal to us, who have borne the burden of the day and the heat. (Matt. 20:11‑12)
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Luke 15:29• 29But he answering said to his father, Behold, so many years I serve thee, and never have I transgressed a commandment of thine; and to me hast thou never given a kid that I might make merry with my friends: (Luke 15:29)
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Luke 18:9‑12• 9And he spoke also to some, who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and made nothing of all the rest of men, this parable:
 10Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a tax-gatherer.
 11The Pharisee, standing, prayed thus to himself: God, I thank thee that I am not as the rest of men, rapacious, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax-gatherer.
 12I fast twice in the week, I tithe everything I gain. (Luke 18:9‑12)
afflicted.
Lev. 16:29,31• 29And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you. In the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, the home-born, and the stranger that sojourneth among you;
 31A sabbath of rest shall it be unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls: it is an everlasting statute. (Lev. 16:29,31)
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Lev. 23:27• 27Also on the tenth of this seventh month is the day of the atonement: a holy convocation shall it be unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and present an offering by fire to Jehovah. (Lev. 23:27)
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Psa. 69:10• 10And I wept, my soul was fasting: that also was to my reproach;-- (Psa. 69:10)
in.
Dan. 10:2‑3• 2In those days I Daniel was mourning three full weeks:
 3I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine into my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three full weeks were fulfilled. (Dan. 10:2‑3)
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Jonah 3:6‑8• 6And the word reached the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and laid his robe from him, and covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes.
 7And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste anything: let them not feed, nor drink water;
 8and let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God; and let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands. (Jonah 3:6‑8)
exact.
Neh. 5:7• 7And I consulted with myself; and I remonstrated with the nobles and the rulers, and said to them, Ye exact usury, every one of his brother! And I set a great assembly against them. (Neh. 5:7)
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Prov. 28:9• 9He that turneth away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer is an abomination. (Prov. 28:9)
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Jer. 34:9‑17• 9that every man should let his bondman, and every man his bondmaid, the Hebrew and the Hebrewess, go free, that none should exact service of them, that is, of a Jew his brother.
 10And all the princes and all the people that had entered into the covenant obeyed, every man letting his bondman and every man his bondmaid go free, that none should exact service of them any more: they obeyed, and let them go.
 11But afterwards they turned, and caused the bondmen and the bondmaids whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for bondmen and for bondmaids.
 12And the word of Jehovah came to Jeremiah from Jehovah, saying,
 13Thus saith Jehovah the God of Israel: I made a covenant with your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage, saying,
 14At the end of seven years ye shall let go every man his brother, a Hebrew, who hath sold himself unto thee; when he hath served thee six years, thou shalt let him go free from thee. But your fathers hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear.
 15And you, ye had this day turned, and had done right in my sight, in proclaiming liberty every man to his neighbour; and ye had made a covenant before me in the house which is called by my name:
 16but ye have turned and profaned my name, and caused every man his bondman, and every man his bondmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and ye have brought them into subjection, to be unto you for bondmen and for bondmaids.
 17Therefore thus saith Jehovah: Ye have not hearkened unto me, in proclaiming liberty, every man to his brother, and every man to his neighbour: behold, I proclaim a liberty for you, saith Jehovah, to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine; and I will give you over to be driven hither and thither among all the kingdoms of the earth. (Jer. 34:9‑17)
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Matt. 18:28‑35• 28But that bondman having gone out, found one of his fellow-bondmen who owed him a hundred denarii. And having seized him, he throttled him, saying, Pay me if thou owest anything.
 29His fellow-bondman therefore, having fallen down at his feet, besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee.
 30But he would not, but went away and cast him into prison, until he should pay what was owing.
 31But his fellow-bondmen, having seen what had taken place, were greatly grieved, and went and recounted to their lord all that had taken place.
 32Then his lord, having called him to him, says to him, Wicked bondman! I forgave thee all that debt because thou besoughtest me;
 33shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellow-bondman, as *I* also had compassion on thee?
 34And his lord being angry delivered him to the tormentors till he paid all that was owing to him.
 35Thus also my heavenly Father shall do to you if ye forgive not from your hearts every one his brother. (Matt. 18:28‑35)
labours.
or, things wherewith ye grieve others.
Heb.griefs.
Isa. 47:6• 6I was wroth with my people, I polluted mine inheritance, and gave them into thy hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the aged didst thou very heavily lay thy yoke; (Isa. 47:6)
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Ex. 2:23‑24• 23And it came to pass during those many days, that the king of Egypt died. And the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and cried; and their cry came up to God because of the bondage;
 24and God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob; (Ex. 2:23‑24)
• Yet they were but a mask, and when this was removed, what was beneath? Verses 3-5 show us what was beneath. Their “fast” was really a time of pleasure. There was exaction, strife, debate, the ill-treatment of others, though they bowed down their heads in a false humility and spread sackcloth and ashes beneath them. (“Isaiah 58” by F.B. Hole)

J. N. Darby Translation

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3
—Wherefore have we fasted, and thou seest not; have afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge? Behold, in the day of your fast ye find what pleaseth you, and exact all yourd labours.

JND Translation Notes

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d
i.e. "all labours due to you."