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James 4

James 4:9 KJV (With Strong’s)

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9
Be afflicted
talaiporeo (Greek #5003)
to be wretched, i.e. realize one's own misery
KJV usage: be afflicted.
Pronounce: tal-ahee-po-reh'-o
Origin: from 5005
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
mourn
pentheo (Greek #3996)
to grieve (the feeling or the act)
KJV usage: mourn, (be-)wail.
Pronounce: pen-theh'-o
Origin: from 3997
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
weep
klaio (Greek #2799)
to sob, i.e. wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
KJV usage: bewail, weep.
Pronounce: klah'-yo
Origin: of uncertain affinity
: let
metastrepho (Greek #3344)
to turn across, i.e. transmute or (figuratively) corrupt
KJV usage: pervert, turn.
Pronounce: met-as-tref'-o
Origin: from 3326 and 4762
your
humon (Greek #5216)
of (from or concerning) you
KJV usage: ye, you, your (own, -selves).
Pronounce: hoo-mone'
Origin: genitive case of 5210
laughter
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
gelos (Greek #1071)
laughter (as a mark of gratification)
KJV usage: laughter.
Pronounce: ghel'-os
Origin: from 1070
be turned
metastrepho (Greek #3344)
to turn across, i.e. transmute or (figuratively) corrupt
KJV usage: pervert, turn.
Pronounce: met-as-tref'-o
Origin: from 3326 and 4762
to
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
mourning
penthos (Greek #3997)
grief
KJV usage: mourning, sorrow.
Pronounce: pen'-thos
Origin: strengthened from the alternate of 3958
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
your joy
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
chara (Greek #5479)
cheerfulness, i.e. calm delight
KJV usage: gladness, X greatly, (X be exceeding) joy(-ful, -fully, -fulness, -ous).
Pronounce: khar-ah'
Origin: from 5463
to
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
heaviness
katepheia (Greek #2726)
demureness, i.e. (by implication) sadness
KJV usage: heaviness.
Pronounce: kat-ay'-fi-ah
Origin: from a compound of 2596 and perhaps a derivative of the base of 5316 (meaning downcast in look)
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More on:

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Mourning

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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afflicted.
James 5:1‑2• 1Go to now, ye rich men, weep and howl for your miseries that shall come upon you.
 2Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are motheaten. (James 5:1‑2)
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Psa. 119:67,71,136• 67Before I was afflicted I went astray: but now have I kept thy word.
 71It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes.
 136Rivers of waters run down mine eyes, because they keep not thy law. (Psa. 119:67,71,136)
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Psa. 126:5‑6• 5They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.
 6He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him. (Psa. 126:5‑6)
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Eccl. 7:2‑5• 2It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the house of feasting: for that is the end of all men; and the living will lay it to his heart.
 3Sorrow is better than laughter: for by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better.
 4The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth.
 5It is better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to hear the song of fools. (Eccl. 7:2‑5)
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Isa. 22:12‑13• 12And in that day did the Lord God of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth:
 13And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine: let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall die. (Isa. 22:12‑13)
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Jer. 31:9,13,18‑20• 9They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
 13Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and old together: for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
 18I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the Lord my God.
 19Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after that I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh: I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth.
 20Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the Lord. (Jer. 31:9,13,18‑20)
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Ezek. 7:16• 16But they that escape of them shall escape, and shall be on the mountains like doves of the valleys, all of them mourning, every one for his iniquity. (Ezek. 7:16)
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Ezek. 16:63• 63That thou mayest remember, and be confounded, and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame, when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done, saith the Lord God. (Ezek. 16:63)
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Zech. 12:10‑14• 10And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.
 11In that day shall there be a great mourning in Jerusalem, as the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon.
 12And the land shall mourn, every family apart; the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house of Nathan apart, and their wives apart;
 13The family of the house of Levi apart, and their wives apart; the family of Shimei apart, and their wives apart;
 14All the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart. (Zech. 12:10‑14)
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Matt. 5:4• 4Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. (Matt. 5:4)
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Luke 6:21• 21Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh. (Luke 6:21)
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2 Cor. 7:10‑11• 10For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of: but the sorrow of the world worketh death.
 11For behold this selfsame thing, that ye sorrowed after a godly sort, what carefulness it wrought in you, yea, what clearing of yourselves, yea, what indignation, yea, what fear, yea, what vehement desire, yea, what zeal, yea, what revenge! In all things ye have approved yourselves to be clear in this matter. (2 Cor. 7:10‑11)
let.
Job 30:31• 31My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep. (Job 30:31)
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Prov. 14:13• 13Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful; and the end of that mirth is heaviness. (Prov. 14:13)
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Eccl. 2:2• 2I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it? (Eccl. 2:2)
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Eccl. 7:6• 6For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool: this also is vanity. (Eccl. 7:6)
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Lam. 5:15• 15The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning. (Lam. 5:15)
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Luke 6:25• 25Woe unto you that are full! for ye shall hunger. Woe unto you that laugh now! for ye shall mourn and weep. (Luke 6:25)
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Luke 16:25• 25But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented. (Luke 16:25)
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Rev. 18:7‑8• 7How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.
 8Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her. (Rev. 18:7‑8)
• the hollow laughter of the professing religious world, and its false joys by which it deludes itself and seeks some relief from its miseries, will lead the heart that is touched by grace to mourn and weep. (“The Evil of the Flesh: James 3-4” by H. Smith)
• Do we sometimes feel as though it were impossible for us to draw near to Him? These verses then will explain matters for us and show us the way. The only road into the Divine presence that is available for us is that of purification, within as well as without, of repentance. (“James 3” by F.B. Hole)

J. N. Darby Translation

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9
Be wretcheda, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.

JND Translation Notes

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a
"Have it done," not "be doing it"; the aorist tense. All the imperatives (ten) from vers. 7 to 10 are in the aorist.

W. Kelly Translation

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9
Sorrowa, and mourn, and weep; let your laughter be turned unto mourning, and [your] joy unto heaviness.

WK Translation Notes

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a
Have the Revisers done well in adhering to "Be afflicted"? Surely "Be miserable" would be more in keeping with their own version of {vi 28008}{/vi}, and our next chapter, 5:1, as well as with the deeper expression of wretchedness in the word. See note to 4:7.