Boyd's Bible Dictionary: A
James P. Boyd
Table of Contents
A
See ALPHA.
Aaron
(mountaineer or enlightener). Son of Amram and Jochebed, and elder brother of Moses and Miriam (Num. 26:59). Direct descendant of Levi by both parents. Called “the Levite” (Ex. 4:14), when chosen as the “spokesman” of Moses. Married Elisheba, daughter of the prince of Judah, and had four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar (Ex. 6:23). Eighty-three years old when introduced in the Bible. Mouthpiece and encourager of Moses before the Lord and the people of Israel, and in the Court of the Pharaoh (Ex. 4:30; 7:2). Miracle worker of the Exodus (Ex. 7:19). Helped Hur to stay the weary hands of Moses in the battle with Amalek (Ex. 17:9-12). In a weak moment yielded to idolatry among his people and incurred the wrath of Moses (Ex. 32). Consecrated to the priesthood by Moses (Ex. 29). First high priest of Israel. Anointed and sanctified, with his sons, to minister in the priest’s office (Ex. 40). Murmured against Moses at the instance of Miriam, but repented and joined Moses in prayer for Miriam’s recovery (Num. 12). His authority in Israel vindicated by the miracle of the rod (Num. 17). Died on Mt. Hor, at age of one hundred and twenty-three years, and was succeeded in the priesthood by his son Eleazar (Num. 20:22-29). Office continued in his line till time of Eli. Restored to house of Eleazar by Solomon (1 Kings 2:27).
Aaronites
Priests of the line of Aaron (1 Chron. 12:27), of whom Jehoiada was “chief,” or “leader,” in the time of King Saul (1 Chron. 27:5). They came to David at Hebron (1 Chron. 12:23).
Ab
(father). (1) A syllable of frequent occurrence in the composition of Hebrew proper names, and signifies possession or endowment. Appears in Chaldaic form of Abba in N. T. (Mark 14:36; Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:6). (2) Eleventh month of the Jewish civil, and fifth of the sacred, year; corresponding to parts of July and August. [MONTH.]
Abaddon
(destroyer). King of the locusts, and angel of the bottomless pit. The Greek equivalent is Apollyon (Rev. 9:11).
Abagtha
(God-given). One of the seven chamberlains (eunuchs) in the court of King Ahasuerus (Esther 1:10).
Abana
(stony). A river of Damascus, preferred by Naaman to the Jordan for healing purposes (2 Kings 5:12). Believed to be identical with the present Barada, which rises in the Anti-Libanus range, twenty-three miles N. W. of Damascus, runs by several streams through the city, and thence across a plain into the “Meadow Lakes,” where it is comparatively lost.
Abarim
(mountains beyond). A range of mountains or highlands of Moab, east of and facing Jordan opposite Jericho (Num. 27:12; 33:47; Deut. 32:49). Ije-abarim (Num. 21:11), heaps or ruins of Abarim. Nebo, Peor, and Pisgah (where Moses saw the promised land) belong to this range. “Passages” (Jer. 22:20).
Abba
(father). Chaldaic form of Hebrew Ab. Applied to God (Mark 14:36; Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:6).
Abda
(servant). (1) Father of Adoniram (1 Kings 4:6). (2) Son of Shammua (Neh. 11:17). Called Obadiah (1 Chron. 9:16).
Abdeel
(servant of God). Father of Shelemiah (Jer. 36:26).
Abdi
(my servant). (1) A Merarite, grandfather of Ethan the Singer, and father of Kishi (1 Chron. 6:44). (2) Father of Kish, of Levitical descent (2 Chron. 29:12). (3) Son of Elam, who had married a foreign wife, in time of Ezra (Ezra 10:26).
Abdiel
(servant of God). Father of Ahi and son of Guni. A Gadite chief of Bashan in the time of King Jotham of Judah (1 Chron. 5:15). Milton uses the name as that of a fallen angel.
Abdon
(servile). (1) An Ephraimite judge of Israel for eight years (Judg. 12:13-15). Supposed to be same as Bedan (1 Sam. 12:11). (2) Son of Shashak (1 Chron. 8:23). (3) A Benjamite, son of Jehiel, of Gibeon (1 Chron. 8:30; 9:36). (4) Son of Micah in Josiah’s time (2 Chron. 34:20); supposedly Achbor (2 Kings 22:12). (5) A city in tribe of Asher, assigned to the Levites (Josh. 21:30; 1 Chron. 6:74); associated with modern Abdeh, 10 miles N. E. of Accho, or Acre, the Ptolemais of N. T.
Abed-nego
(servant of Nego, or Nebo, name of planet Mercury worshipped as scribe and interpreter). Name given by the prince of Chaldean eunuchs to Azariah, one of the three friends and fellow-captives at Babylon of Daniel (Dan. 1:7). He refused to bow to the golden image of Nebuchadnezzar, and was condemned to the fiery furnace, from which he miraculously escaped (Dan. 3).
Abel
(breath, vapor). Second son of Adam and Eve. A keeper of sheep, and murdered by his brother Cain through jealousy (Gen. 4:2-8). See also (Heb. 11:4; 1 John 3:12; a righteous man, Matt. 23:35).
Abel
(meadow). A prefix for several names of towns and places. (1) The “plain of the vineyards” (Judg. 11:33; see margin) (2) A city in the north of Palestine, attacked by Joab (2 Sam. 20:14-15). Probably same as Abel-Beth-Maachah. “Plain of the vineyard” (Judg. 11:33, margin note.) “Great stone of” (1 Sam. 6:18).
Abel-beth-maachah
(meadow of house of oppression). A town in N. Palestine, near Damascus, doubtless the same as attacked by Joab (2 Sam. 20:14-15); and attacked by Benhadad (1 Kings 15:20), and by Tiglath-pileser (2 Kings 15:29).
Abel-maim
(meadow of waters). Another name for Abel-beth-maachah (2 Chron. 16:4).
Abel-meholah
(meadow of the dance). A place in the Jordan valley (1 Kings 4:12), whither fled the enemy routed by Gideon (Judg. 7:22). Home of Elisha (1 Kings 19:16).
Abel-mizraim
(meadow, or mourning, of Egypt). A name given by the Canaanites to the threshing floor of Atad, where Joseph and his brethren mourned for Jacob (Gen. 1:11). Probably near Hebron.
Abel-shittim
(meadow of the acacias). A spot near Jordan, in Moabite plain, and last halting place of the wandering Israelites (Num. 33:49). Called Shittim (Num. 25:1; Josh. 2:1).
Abel, Stone of
Place in the field of Joshua, the Bethshemite, where the ark of the Lord was set down (1 Sam. 6:18).
Abez
(lofty). A town in the section allotted to the tribe of Issachar (Josh. 19:20).
Abi
(progenitor). Mother of King Hezekiah and daughter of Zachariah (2 Kings 18:2; Isa. 8:2). Abijah (2 Chron. 29:1).
Abia, Abiah, and Abijah
(the Lord is my father), are variants of the same word. Abia (1 Chron. 3:10, Matt. 1:7), is the son of Rehoboam; and in Luke 1:5, is the eighth of the twenty-four courses of priests. For division of priests see (1 Chron. 24. and particularly vs. 10).
Abiah
(1) A son of Becher (1 Chron. 7:8). (2) Wife of Hezron (1 Chron. 2:24). (3) Second son of Samuel and associate judge with Joel in Beersheba (1 Sam. 8:2; 1 Chron. 6:28).
Abi-albon
(father of strength). One of David’s mighty warriors (2 Sam. 23:31). Spelled Abiel in other places.
Abiasaph
(father of gathering). A Levite, one of the sons of Korah, and head of a Korhite family (Ex. 6:24). Written Ebiasaph (1 Chron. 6:23,37).
Abiathar
( father of abundance). Son of Ahimelech, and fourth high priest in descent from Eli, of the line of Ithamar, younger son of Aaron (1 Sam. 23:9), only one of Ahimelech’s sons who escaped the vengeance of Saul in the slaughter at Nob (1 Sam. 22:19-20). Fled to David at Keilah, and became a high priest. Deprived of the high priesthood by Solomon. For fuller history read 1 Sam. 22 to 1 Kings 3.
Abib
(green fruit, also ear of corn), called also Nisan. Seventh month of Jewish civil, and first of the sacred year (Ex. 12:2). [MONTH.]
Abida and Abidah
(father of knowledge). One of the five sons of Midian (1 Chron. 1:33: Gen. 25:4).
Abidan
(father of judgment). Chief of the tribe of Benjamin at exode (Num. 1:11; 2:22; 7:60; 10:24).
Abiel
(father of strength). (1) Father of Kish and grandfather of Saul and Abner (1 Sam. 9:1). (2) One of David’s generals (1 Chron. 11:32), called Abialbon (2 Sam. 23:31). Commander over 24,000 men.
Abiezer
(father of help). (1) Eldest son of Gilead and head of a family in tribe of Manasseh (Josh. 17:2; 1 Chron. 7:18). (2) One of David’s mighty men (2 Sam. 23:27; 1 Chron. 11:28; 27:12).
Abiezrite
(father of help). A family descended from Abiezer (Judg. 6:11,24; 8:32).
Abigail
(father of joy). (1) Wife of Nabal of Carmel, and afterward of David. After Nabal was rude to David, she took food and drink to David to make peace. Noted for her beauty and wisdom (1 Sam. 25:3,14-44). She bore David’s second son (2 Sam. 3:3). (2) A sister of David, married to Jether the Ishmaelite, and mother of Amasa (2 Sam. 17:25; 1 Chron. 2:17).
Abihail
(father of strength). (1) Father of Zuriel, chief of the house of the families of Marari (Num. 3:35). (2) Wife of Abishur (1 Chron. 2:29). (3) Son of Huri of the tribe of Gad (1 Chron. 5:14). (4) Wife of Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11:18). (5) Father of Esther and uncle of Mordecai (Esther 2:15; 9:29).
Abihu
(God is father). Second son of Aaron and Elisheba (Num. 3:2; Ex. 6:23). Ascended Sinai with Moses and the elders (Ex. 28:1). Set apart with his brothers for the priesthood. Consumed, with his brother Nadab, for offering strange fire before the Lord (Lev. 10:1-2).
Abihud
(father of praise). Son of Bela and grandson of Benjamin (1 Chron. 8:3).
Abijah and Abijam
(whose father is Jehovah). (1) A son of King Jeroboam I; died in early life (1 Kings 14). (2) Son of Rehoboam, and his successor to the throne. A wicked king. Reign, 959-956 B. C. (2 Chron. 12:16; 2 Chron. 13). Written Abijam (1 Kings 15:1). (3) A descendant of the high priest Eleazar (1 Chron. 24:10; Neh. 12:17). The priestly course Abia (Luke 1:5), belonged to Zacharias, father of John the Baptist. (4) A priest who entered the covenant with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:7).
Abijam
(father of the sea). See [ABIJAH, 2.].
Abilene
(from Abila, land of meadows). A Syrian tetrarchy whose capital was Abila, situated on the eastern slopes of the Anti-Libanus range. The district was watered by the Abana River. Governed by Lysanias in the time of John the Baptist (Luke 3:1).
Abimael
(father of Mael). A descendant of Joktan, and supposedly father of the Arabic tribe of Mali (Gen. 10:28; 1 Chron. 1:22).
Abimelech
(father of a king). (1) A line of Philistine kings, like the Pharaohs and Caesars. Kings of Gerar (Gen. 20; 21; 26:1). (2) Son of Gideon by his concubine of Shechem (Judg. 8:31; 9:57; 2 Sam. 11:21). (3) Son of Abiathar, in David’s time (1 Chron. 18:16). (4) Written for the Achish (1 Sam. 21:10), in title to Psa. 34.
Abinadab
(father of nobility). (1) A Levite of Kirjath-jearim to whose house the ark was brought, and where it stayed for twenty years (1 Sam. 7:1-2; 2 Sam. 6:3-4; 1 Chron. 13:7). (2) Second son of Jesse, and One of the three who followed Saul to battle (1 Sam. 16:8; 17:13). (3) Son of Saul slain at Gilboa (1 Sam. 31:2; 1 Chron. 8:33). (4) Father of one of the twelve chief officers of Solomon (1 Kings 4:11).
Abiner
Hebrew form of Abner (1 Sam. 14:50, marg.).
Abinoam
(gracious father). Father of Barak (Judg. 4:6,12; 5:1,12).
Abiram
(high father). (1) A Reubenite conspirator with Korah (Num. 16). (2) Eldest son of Hiel (1 Kings 16:34). Destroyed by an earthquake (Num. 26:9-10, Deut 11:6).
Abishag
(ignorance of the father). The fair Shunamite, of the tribe of Issachar, whom David, in his old age, introduced into his harem (1 Kings 1:1-4). After David’s death, Adonijah desired to marry her, but Solomon put him to death (1 Kings 2:13-25).
Abishai
(father of gift). (1) Eldest son of David’s sister Zeruiah and brother of Joab (1 Chron. 2:16); one of the chiefs of David’s mighty men (2 Sam. 2:18). Counseled David to take Saul’s life (1 Sam. 26:5-12). Associated with Joab in assassination of Abner (2 Sam. 3:30). A co-general of David’s army (2 Sam. 10:14; 18:2). Rescued David from the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam. 21:16-17).
Abishalom
(father of peace). Father-in-law of King Jeroboam (1 Kings 15:2,10). Called Absalom (2 Chron. 11:20-21).
Abishua
(father of deliverance). (1) Son of Bela (1 Chron. 8:4). (2) Son of Phinehas (1 Chron. 6:4-5,50; Ezra 7:5).
Abishur
(father of the wall). Son of Shammai, of the tribe of Judah (1 Chron. 2:28-29).
Abital
(father of dew). One of David’s wives (2 Sam. 3:4; 1 Chron. 3:3).
Abitub
(father of goodness). A Benjamite (1 Chron. 8:11).
Abiud
(father of praise). An ancestor of Christ (Matt. 1:13).
Ablution
[PURIFICATION.]
Abner
(father of light). (1) Son of Ner, and commander-in-chief of Saul’s armies (1 Sam. 14:50-51; 17:57; 26:5-14). Proclaimed Ishbosheth King of Israel, and went to war with David, by whom he was defeated (2 Sam. 2). Quarreled with Ishbosheth and espoused the cause of David (2 Sam. 3:6-9). Murdered by Joab (2 Sam. 3:26-39). (2) Father of a Benjamite chief (1 Chron. 27:21).
Abomination
(bad omen). A hateful or detestable thing (Gen. 46:34). Used as to animals and acts (Lev. 11:13; Deut. 23:18). As to idolatry (2 Kings 23:13; Jer. 44:4). As to sins in general (Isa. 66:3). The “abomination of desolation” (Dan. 9:27; 12:11; Matt. 24:15 refers to the setting up of an idol in the temple, the holy place, during the great tribulation. It is an abomination that will result in the judgment (desolation) of those responsible.
Abraham and Abram
(father of a multitude). Son of Terah, a dweller in Ur of the Chaldees (Gen. 11:25-31). Founder of the Jewish nation. Migrated from Chaldea to Haran. Moved thence to Canaan, to Egypt and back to Canaan, where he settled amid the oak-groves of Mamre. There confirmed in the thrice repeated promise that his seed should become a mighty nation, and his name changed from Abram to Abraham. Died, aged 175 years, and was buried in the tomb of Machpelah (Gen. 12-26).
Absalom
(father of peace). A son of David (2 Sam. 3:3). Killed his brother Amnon (2 Sam. 13). Fled to Geshur (2 Sam. 13:37-38). Returned and conspired to usurp his father’s throne (2 Sam. 14-17). Defeated at Gilead and slain by Joab (2 Sam 18).
Absalom’s Pillar
Built by Absalom in the “King’s dale,” or valley of Kedron (2 Sam. 18:18).
Acacia
(point). The Acacia seyal of Arabia, a large tree, highly prized for its wood, is supposed to be the Shittim wood of the Bible. A smaller species (Acacia Arabica) yielded an aromatic gum.
Accad
(fortress). A city built by Nimrod in Shinar (Gen. 10:10).
Accaron
[EKRON.]
Accho
(heated sand). The Ptolemais of N. T.; now Acre, on Mediterranean coast (Judg. 1:31; Acts 21:7).
Aceldama
(field of blood). A field near Jerusalem purchased with Judas’ betrayal money, and in which he violently died (Acts 1:19). But bought by the priests as a potters’ field (Matt. 27:7).
Achaia
(trouble). Originally a narrow strip of country on north coast of Peloponnesus, but Achaia and Macedonia came to designate all Greece (Acts 18:12,27; 19:21; Rom. 15:26; 2 Cor. 1:1; 9:2; 11:10; 1 Thess. 1:7-8).
Achaicus
(of Achaia). An Achaian friend of Paul (1 Cor. 16:17).
Achan and Achar
(troubler). The Judahite who was stoned to death for concealing the spoils of Jericho (Josh. 7:16-26). Written ACHAR (1 Chron. 2:7).
Achaz
(one that takes). In Matthew 1:9 for AHAZ, King of Judah.
Achbor
(mouse). (1) Father of Baal-hanan king of Edom (Gen. 36:38-39). (2) A contemporary of Josiah (2 Kings 22:12-14; Jer. 26:22; 36:12). Written Abdon (2 Chron. 34:20).
Achim
Son of Sadoc, in Christ’s genealogy (Matt. 1:14).
Achish
(akish) (serpent-charmer). A Philistine king of Gath to whom David twice fled for safety (1 Sam. 21:10-13; 27-29; 1 Kings 2:39-40). Called Abimelech in title to Psalm 34.
Achmetha
The Median city of Ecbatana (Ezra 6:2).
Achor, valley of
[ACHAN.] (Hos.2:15).
Achsa and Achsah
(anklet). Daughter of Caleb. Given in marriage to her uncle Othniel (Josh. 15:15-18; Judg. 1:12-15). Achsa (1 Chron. 2:49).
Achshaph
(fascination). A city of Asher (Josh. 11:1; 12:20; 19:25).
Achzib
(false). (1) A town of Judah (Josh. 15:44). (2) A town of Asher (Josh. 19:29).
Acrabbim
[MAALEEH-ACRABBIM.] (Josh. 15:3).
Acts of the Apostles
Fifth Book of N. T. Supposedly compiled by Luke, shortly after A. D. 63. It carries on the Christian narrative from the ascension of Christ to first imprisonment of Paul, a period of about thirty-three years.
Adadah
(boundary). A town in southern Judah (Josh. 15:22).
Adah
(beauty). (1) One of Lamech’s wives (Gen. 4:19). (2) One of Esau’s wives (Gen. 36:2,4). Called Bashemath (Gen. 26:34).
Adaiah
(adorned by Jehovah). (1) Maternal grandfather of King Josiah (2 Kings 22:1). (2) A Levite (1 Chron. 6:41); called Iddo (1 Chron. 6:21). (3) A Benjamite (1 Chron. 8:21). (4) A son of Jehoram (1 Chron. 9:12; Neh. 11:12). (5) Ancestor of Maaseiah (2 Chron. 23:1). (6) A descendant of Bani (Ezra 10:29,39). (7) A Judahite (Neh. 11:5).
Adaliah
(fire-god). Fifth son of Haman (Esther 9:8).
Adam
(red earth). A city of Reuben, on Jordan (Josh. 3:16).
Adam
(red earth). Used generically for man and woman, and translated man (Gen. 1:26-27; 5:1; Job 20:29; 21:33; Psa. 68:18; 76:10).
Adam
(red earth). The first man. Creative work of the sixth day. Placed in the “Garden of Eden.” Tempted to eat of the forbidden fruit, fell under God’s disfavor, and driven out of the Garden subject to the curse of sorrow and toil. Died at age of 930 years (Gen. 1:26 to Gen. 5:5).
Adamah
(earth). A fenced city of Naphtali (Josh. 19:36).
Adamant
(diamond). The original is translated “adamant” (Ezek. 3:9; Zech. 7:12); and “diamond” (Jer. 17:1). Used metaphorically. [DIAMOND.]
Adami
(earth). A place on the border of Naphtali (Josh. 19:33).
Adar
(height). A boundary town of Edom and Judah (Josh. 15:3).
Adar
Sixth month of Jewish civil, and twelfth of sacred, year; corresponding to parts of February and March (Esther 3:7).
Adbeel
(breath of God). A son of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13; 1 Chron. 1:29).
Addan
(stony). One of the places from which Jewish captives returned (Ezra 2:59). Addon (Neh. 7:61).
Addar
(mighty). Son of Bela (1 Chron. 8:3).
Adder
(viper). Used in the Bible for any poisonous snake known to the Jews, of which there were several species in Palestine. In Genesis 49:17, the cerastes, or horned snake, is, from its habits, supposed to be alluded to. The cockatrice (Isa. 11:8; 14:29; 59:5; Jer. 8:17), is adder and asp (Prov. 23:32; Psa. 58:4). In Psalm 140:3 and Proverbs 23:32, a species of viper is thought to be meant.
Addi
(adorned). Son of Cosam in Christ’s genealogy (Luke 3:28).
Addon
[ADDAN.]
Ader
(flock). A Benjamite (1 Chron. 8:15). Properly Eder.
Adiel
(ornament of God). (1) A prince of Simeon (1 Chron. 4:36). (2) A priest (1 Chron. 9:12). (3) An ancestor of David’s treasurer, Azmaveth (1 Chron. 27:25).
Adin
(dainty). Head of a returned family (Ezra 2:15; 8:6; Neh. 7:20; 10:16).
Adina
(slender). One of David’s captains (1 Chron. 11:42).
Adino
One of David’s mighty men (2 Sam. 23:8). [JASHOBEAM.]
Adithaim
(double ornament). A town of Judah (Josh. 15:36).
Adjure
To bind under a curse (Josh. 6:26; 1 Sam. 14:24). To require a declaration of truth at the peril of God’s displeasure (Matt. 26:63).
Adlai
(Jehovah’s justice). Ancestor of Shaphat (1 Chron. 27:29).
Admah
(fort). One of the cities of the plain of Siddim (Gen. 10:19; 14:2). Destroyed with Sodom (Deut. 29:23; Hos. 11:8).
Admatha
(earthy). One of the seven Persian princes (Esther 1:14).
Adnah
(pleasure). (1) Father of a returned family (Ezra 10:30). (2) A priest in days of Joiakim (Neh. 12:15).
Adnah
(pleasure). (1) One of Saul’s captains who deserted to David (1 Chron. 12:20). (2) A captain in Jehoshaphat’s army (2 Chron. 17:14).
Adonai
(Lord). The Hebrews spoke this word where the word Jehovah occurred.
Adoni-bezek
(lord of Bezek). King of Bezek, vanquished by Judah (Judg. 1:3-7).
Adonijah
(the Lord is Jehovah). (1) Fourth son of David, by Haggith, and rival of Solomon for the throne. Afterward put to death by Solomon (2 Sam. 3:4; 1 Kings 1-2). (2) A Levite (2 Chron. 17:8). (3) Same as Adonikam (Neh. 10:16).
Adonikam
(the Lord is raised). He returned from captivity with Zerubbabel (Ezra 2:13; Neh. 7:18). Called Adonijah (Neh. 10:16).
Adoniram
(lord of heights). Chief receiver of tribute under David, Solomon, and Rehoboam (1 Kings 4:6). Written Adoram (2 Sam. 20:24; 1 Kings 12:18); and Hadoram (2 Chron. 10:18).
Adoni-zedec
(lord of justice). The Amorite king of Jerusalem who formed a league against Joshua, and was slain (Josh. 10:1-27).
Adoption
(a choosing to). Receiving a stranger into one’s family as an own child thereof (Ex. 2:10; Esther 2:7). Figuratively, reception into the family of God (Rom. 8:15-17; Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:5).
Adoraim
(double mound). A city of Judah (2 Chron. 11:9).
Adoram
[ADONIRAM and HADORAM.]
Adoration
(address). The act of paying homage to God; as in bending the knee, raising hands, inclining head, prostrating the body (Gen. 17:3; Psa. 95:6; Matt. 28:9).
Adrammelech
(fire king). (1) An idol introduced into Samaria and worshipped with the cruel rites of Molech (2 Kings 17:31). (2) Son and murderer of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (2 Kings 19:37; 2 Chron. 32:21; Isa. 37:38).
Adramyttium
(from Adramys, brother of Croesus). A seaport town of Mysia in Asia (Acts 16:7; 27:2). Now Adramyti.
Adria
The Adriatic Sea (Acts 27:27).
Adriel
(flock of God). Son-in-law of Saul (1 Sam. 18:19; 2 Sam. 21:8).
Adullam
(justice of the people). (1) A city of Canaan allotted to Judah (Gen. 38:1; Josh. 12:15; 15:35; 2 Chron. 11:7). Repeopled after the captivity (Neh. 11:30). (2) The cave Adullam was David’s hiding-place, where his friends gathered (1 Sam. 22:1; 2 Sam. 23:13; 1 Chron. 11:15).
Adullamite
A native of Adullam (Gen 38:1,12,20).
Adultery
(ad-to and alter, other). Under Hebrew law the crime of unchastity, wherein a man, married or single, had illicit intercourse with a married or betrothed woman, not his wife. Punished with fire (Gen. 38:24); by stoning (Deut. 22:22-24). In a spiritual sense, apostasy.
Adummim
(a going up). A steep pass on the road from Jericho to Jerusalem (Josh. 15:7; 18:17; Luke 10:30-37).
Advocate
(calling to). In N. T., helper, intercessor, or comforter. Jews did not have advocates, or attorneys, till after the Roman conquest (John 14:16; 15:26; 16:17; Acts 24:1).
Aeneas, or Aeneas
(laudable). The paralytic at Lydda, healed by Peter (Acts 9:33-34).
Aenon
(springs). A place, west of Jordan, where John baptized (John 3:23).
Affinity
Relation by marriage and not by blood or birth (1 Kings 3:1). For preventive degrees see Leviticus 18:6-17, and MARRIAGE.
Agabus
(locust). A prophet of Antioch (Acts 11:28; 21:10).
Agag
(flame). General title of the kings of Amelek (Ex. 17:14; Num. 24:7; Deut. 25:17; 1 Sam. 15:8-32).
Agagite
Subject of Agag (Esther 3:1-10).
Agar
[HAGAR, HAGARENES, HAGARITES.]
Agate
(from river Achates). A species of precious quartz. Second stone in third row of high-priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:19; 39:12; Isa. 54:12; Ezek. 27:16). Original sometimes translated amethyst.
Agee
(fugitive). Father of one of David’s mighty men (2 Sam. 23:11).
Agriculture
(field culture). Patriarchal life was pastoral. After the conquest of Canaan, lands were meted and bounded, and landmarks held sacred (Deut. 19:14). The valley soils of Palestine were fertile; natural waters abundant (Deut. 8:7); rain plentiful (Deut. 11:14; Jer. 5:24; James 5:7). The grains grown were wheat, barley, rye, and millet. Orchards produced the vine, olive, and fig. Gardens grew beans, fitches, pease, lettuce, endive, leeks, garlic, onions, melons, cucumbers, cabbage, and so forth. The implements were the plow, harrow, and hoe, but these were crude. Grains were cut with the sickle, and the sheaves were threshed by treading with oxen, usually drawing sleds; while winnowing was done in sheets before the wind. Lands rested once in seven years (Lev. 25:1-7). The poor were allowed to glean (Lev. 19:9-10; Deut. 24:19).
Agrippa
[HEROD.]
Agur
(gatherer of wisdom). An unknown sage who compiled (Prov. 30).
Ahab
(uncle). (1) Seventh king of Israel. Reigned B. C. 919-896 (1 Kings 16:29). Married Jezebel of Tyre, who introduced the worship of Baal and Astarte. One of the most notorious of O. T. characters. Slain by a chance arrow, and the “dogs licked his blood” according to prophecy (1 Kings 18-22; 2 Chron. 18). (2) A false prophet at Babylon (Jer. 29:22).
Aharah
(after the brother). Third son of Benjamin (1 Chron. 8:1). [AHER and AHIRAM.]
Aharhel
(behind the fort). A name in the genealogy of Judah (1 Chron. 4:8).
Ahasai
(whom Jehovah upholds). A priest (Neh. 11:13). Called Jahzerah (1 Chron. 9:12).
Ahasbai
(trusting). Father of one of David’s thirty-seven captains (2 Sam. 23:34).
Ahasuerus
(prince). (1) King of Media, supposedly Cyaxares, whose son Astyages was Darius (Dan. 9:1). (2) A Persian king, supposed to be Cambyses (Ezra 4:6). (3) Another Persian king, probably Xerxes. History in Esther.
Ahava
(water). The place on the Euphrates whence the captives started, on their second return (Ezra 8:15-21).
Ahaz
(who takes). (1) Son of Jotham, whom he succeeded, and eleventh king of Israel. Reign 742-726 B. C. Weak-minded and idolatrous (2 Kings 16; 2 Chron. 28). Literally sold out his kingdom. Died dishonored (2 Kings 23:12; 2 Chron. 28:16-27). (2) A son of Micah (1 Chron. 8:35-36; 9:42).
Ahaziah
(Jehovah sustains). Son of Ahab, and his successor on the throne of Israel, as the eighth king. Reign 896-895 B. C. A weak and foolish idolater (1 Kings 22:49-53). (2) Fifth king of Judah. Reign, B. C. 884 (2 Kings 8:25-29). Killed in the rebellion of Jehu (2 Kings 9). Called Azariah (2 Chron. 22:6); and Jehoahaz (2 Chron. 21:17).
Ahban
(discreet). Son of Abishur (1 Chron. 2:29).
Aher
(follower). A title in genealogy of Benjamin (1 Chron. 7:12).
Ahi
(my brother). (1) A Gadite chief (1 Chron. 5:15). (2) All Asherite (1 Chron. 7:34).
Ahiah and Ahijah
(Jehovah’s friend). (1) A priest in Shiloh (1 Sam. 14:3-18). (2) One of Solomon’s princes (1 Kings 4:3). (3) A prophet of Shiloh (1 Kings 14:2). His prophecies are in 1 Kings 11:30-39 and 1 Kings 14:6-16. (4) Father of Baasha (1 Kings 15:27-34). (5) Name of several other Bible characters (1 Chron. 2:25; 8:7; 11:36; 26:20; Neh. 10:26).
Ahiam
(uncle). One of David’s thirty captains (2 Sam. 23:33; 1 Chron. 11:35).
Ahian
(brotherly). A Manassite (1 Chron. 7:19).
Ahiezer
(brother of help). (1) A chieftain of Dan (Num. 1:12). (2) A chief of archers under David (1 Chron. 12:3).
Ahihud
(renown). (1) A prince of Asher (Num. 34:27). (2) A chieftain of Benjamin (1 Chron. 8:7).
Ahijah
[AHIAH.]
Ahikam
(brother who raises). An important court officer in reigns of Josiah and Jehoiakim (2 Kings 22:12-14; Jer. 26:24).
Ahilud
(brother born). (1) Father of Jehoshaphat, the recorder of David’s and Solomon’s reigns (2 Sam. 8:16). (2) Father of Baana (1 Kings 4:12).
Ahimaaz
(brother of wrath). (1) Father-in-law of Saul (1 Sam. 14:50). (2) Son of Zadok the high priest. Played a conspicuous part in the rebellion of Absalom (2 Sam. 15:24-37; 17:15-22; 18:19-33). (3) Solomon’s son-in-law (1 Kings 4:15).
Ahiman
(brother of the right hand). (1) One of the giant Anakim of Hebron (Num. 13:22-23; Josh. 11:21; Judg. 1:10). (2) A gate-keeper of Levi (1 Chron. 9:17).
Ahimelech
(my brother is king). (1) High priest at Nob (1 Sam. 21:1). Priests of Nob slain by order of Saul (1 Sam. 22:11-20). (2) A Hittite friend of David (1 Sam. 26:6).
Ahimoth
(brother of death). A Levite (1 Chron. 6:25). Mahath (1 Chron. 6:35), and Maath (Luke 3:26).
Ahinadab
(noble brother). Royal purveyor to Solomon (1 Kings 4:14).
Ahinoam
(gracious). (1) Wife of Saul (1 Sam. 14:50). (2) A wife of David (1 Sam. 25:43; 27:3; 30:5,18).
Ahio
(brotherly). (1) He accompanied the Ark when taken from his father’s house (2 Sam. 6:3-4). (2) A Benjamite (1 Chron. 8:14). (3) Son of Jehiel (1 Chron. 8:31; 9:37).
Ahira
(unlucky). A chief of Naphtali (Num. 1:15).
Ahiram
(lofty). Founder of the Ahiramites (Num. 26:38).
Ahisamach
(helper). One of the Tabernacle architects (Ex. 31:6; 35:34; 38:23).
Ahishahar
(brother of dawn). A grandson of Benjamin (1 Chron. 7:10).
Ahishar
(singer’s brother). A controller of Solomon’s household (1 Kings 4:6).
Ahithophel
(brother of folly). A privy councilor of David (2 Sam. 15:12; 16:23; 23:34). Joined Absalom’s conspiracy (2 Sam. 17). Hanged himself in despair (2 Sam. 17:23).
Ahitub
(brother of goodness). (1) Grandson of Eli (1 Sam. 14:3; 22:9-11). (2) Father of Zadok the high priest (1 Chron. 6:7-8,11-12; 2 Sam. 8:17).
Ahlab
(fertile). A city of Canaan (Judg. 1:31).
Ahlai
(ornamental). Daughter of Sheshan, and wife of his slave, Jarha (1 Chron. 2:31-35).
Ahoah
(brotherly). Grandson of Benjamin (1 Chron. 8:4). Called Ahiah (1 Chron. 8:7).
Ahohite
From Ahoah, a patronymic of some of David’s mighty men (2 Sam. 23:9,28; 1 Chron. 11:12; 27:4).
Aholah
(her tent). The harlot used by Ezekiel to type Samaria (Ezek. 23:4,5,36,44).
Aholiab
(tent of the father). One of the Tabernacle architects (Ex. 35:31-35).
Aholibah
(my tent). The harlot used by Ezekiel to type Jerusalem (Ezek. 23:4,11,22,36,44).
Aholibamah
(tent of the height). (1) Wife of Esau (Gen. 36:2,25). Called Judith (Gen. 26:34). (2) A title or district in Arabia Petrea (Gen. 36:41; 1 Chron. 1:52).
Ahumai
(cowardly). A descendant of Judah (1 Chron. 4:2).
Ahuzam or Ahuzzam
(possession). A son of Asher (1 Chron. 4:6).
Ahuzzath
(possessions). A friend of King Abimelech (Gen. 26:26).
Ai
(heap of ruins). (1) An ancient city of Canaan (Gen. 12:8), where it is spelled HA’I. Captured and destroyed by Joshua (Josh. 7:3-5; 9:3; 10:1; 12:9). Written Aiath (Isa. 10:28); and Aija (Neh. 11:31; Ezra 2:28). (2) A city of Heshbon (Jer. 49:3).
Aiah
(vulture). (1) Father of Saul’s concubine (2 Sam. 3:7; 21:8-11). (2) Father of one of Esau’s wives (1 Chron. 1:40). Written Ajah (Gen. 36:24).
Aiath
[Ai.]
Aija
[Ai.]
Aijalon
[AJALON.]
Aijeleth Shahar
(hind of the dawn). In title to Psa. 22. May mean a musical instrument, the argument of the Psalm, the melody, or tune name.
Ain
(eye). (1) A landmark on eastern boundary of Canaan (Num. 34:11). (2) A Levitical city in south Judah and then in Simeon (Josh. 15:32; 19:7; 21:16). Ashen (1 Chron. 6:59).
Ajah
[AIAH.]
Ajalon
(place of gazelles). (1) A Levitical city of Dan (Josh. 19:42). Became a city of refuge (Josh. 21:24), where it is written Aijalon; also (1 Sam. 14:31). Prominent in Philistine wars (2 Chron. 28:18). Fortified as Aijalon by Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11:10). Now Yalo, 14 miles west of Jerusalem. (2) The valley in which Joshua commanded the moon to stand still (Josh. 10:12). (3) Burial place of the Judge, Elon (Judg. 12:12).
Akan
(keen of vision). A Horite chieftain (Gen. 36:27). Jakan (1 Chron. 1:42).
Akeldama
Spelling of Aceldama in Revised Version (Acts 1:19).
Akkub
(insidious). (1) A descendant of Zerubbabel (1 Chron. 3:24). (2) A gate-keeper of the temple (1 Chron. 9:17). (3) A Levite who assisted Ezra (Neh. 8:7).
Akrabbim
(scorpion). A range forming a south boundary of Judah (Num. 34:4). Maalehacrabbim (Josh. 15:3). An Amorite boundary (Judg. 1:36).
Alabaster
(white stone). A whitish mineral susceptible of easy carving and fine polish, much used by ancients for vases, ointment boxes, sculptures, etc., (Matt. 26:7; Mark 14:3; Luke 7:37).
Alammelech
(king’s oak). A border place of Asher (Josh. 19:26).
Alameth
(covering). A grandson of Benjamin (1 Chron. 7:8).
Alamoth
Perhaps a musical instrument or melody (1 Chron. 15:20; Psa. 46 title).
Alemeth
(covering). (1) A city of the priests in Benjamin (1 Chron. 6:60). Written Almon (Josh. 21:18). (2) A descendant of Jonathan (1 Chron. 8:36; 9:42).
Alexander
(defender of men). (1) King of Macedon; surnamed “The Great.” Born B. C. 356. Succeeded his father Philip, B. C. 336. Subjugated Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. Overthrew the Persian Empire, B. C. 333. Conquered Egypt, B. C. 332. Founded Alexandria, B. C. 332. Consolidated his Persian conquests, with Babylon as capital, B. C. 324. Died, perhaps in Babylon, B. C. 323. Prefigured (Dan. 2:39; 7:6; 8:5-7; 11:3). (2) Son of Simon (Mark 15:21). (3) A kinsman of Annas the high priest (Acts 4:6). (4) A Jewish convert at Ephesus (Acts 19:33). (5) An Ephesian Christian reprobated by Paul (1 Tim. 1:20), and perhaps the coppersmith (2 Tim. 4:14).
Alexandria
(from Alexander). The Grecian, Roman, and Christian capital of Egypt. Founded by Alexander the Great, B. C. 332. Situated on the Mediterranean Sea, 12 miles W. of Canopic mouth of the Nile. Noted for its libraries, architecture, and commerce. Conspicuous in early church history as a Christian center (Acts 18:24; 27:6; 28:11).
Alexandrians
Inhabitants of Alexandria; but in Acts 6:9, Jewish colonists from Alexandria, admitted to the privilege of citizenship and worship at Jerusalem.
Algum or Almug
Former (2 Chron. 2:8; 9:10-11); latter (1 Kings 10:11-12). Supposed to be the red sandalwood of India. Used in temple furniture.
Aliah
[ALVAH.]
Alian
[ALVAN.]
Allegory
(other speech). That figure of speech by which a subject is set forth under the guise of some other subject (Gal. 4:24).
Alleluia
(Praise ye Jehovah). Written thus in Rev. 19:1; but HALLELUJAH, in margin of (Psa. 106; 111; 112; 113; 117; 118; 135 and so forth). A common exclamation of joy and praise in Jewish worship.
Alliance
(ans) (binding to). Hebrews forbidden to make alliances with surrounding nations but finally driven to them. Alliances solemnized by presents, oaths, feasts, monuments, offerings, and ether pious ceremonies (Gen. 15:10; 26:30; 31:51-53; Josh. 9:15; 1 Kings 15:18; 5:2-12; 9:27). Breach of covenant severely punished (2 Sam. 21:1; Ezek. 17:16).
Allon
(oak). (1) Ancestor of Ziza (1 Chron. 4:37). (2) A boundary place of Naphtali (Josh. 19:33).
Allon-bachuth
(oak of weeping). The tree under which Deborah was buried (Gen. 35:8).
Almodad
(immeasurable). Progenitor of an Arab tribe (Gen. 10:26; 1 Chron. 1:20).
Almon
(Josh. 21:18). [ALEMETH.]
Almond
(hasten). Tree resembles the peach in form, height, blossom, and fruit. Covering of fruit downy and succulent. Chiefly valuable for its nut (Gen. 43:11; Ex. 25:33-34; 37:19-20; Num. 17:8; Eccl. 12:5; Jer. 1:11).
Almon-diblathaim
(hiding of two fig cakes). One of the last stopping places of the wandering Israelites (Num. 33:46).
Alms
(pity). Almsgiving enjoined by Mosaic law (Lev. 19:9; Ruth 2:2). Every third year the tithes of increase were shared with the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless and widow (Deut. 14:28). Receptacles for taking of alms placed in the Temple (Mark 12:41). Almsgiving exhorted (Acts 11:30; Rom. 15:25-27; 1 Cor. 16:1-4).
Almug
[ALGUM.]
Aloes
(oz). Written “Lign (wood) Aloes” (Num. 24:6). A costly and sweet smelling wood of India, much prized in the East (Psa. 45:8; Prov. 7:17; Song of Sol. 4:14; John 19:39).
Aloth
Solomon’s ninth commissary district (1 Kings 4:16).
Alpha
First letter of the Greek alphabet. Used with omega, the last letter, to express beginning and end (Isa. 41:4; 44:6; Rev. 1:8,11; 21:6; 22:13).
Alphabet
Alpha and beta, first and second letters of Greek alphabet. Hebrew alphabet comprised twenty-two letters.
Alphaeus
(changing). (1) Father of the apostle James the Less (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13). Called Clopas or Cleophas (John 19:25). (2) Father of Levi or Matthew (Mark 2:14).
Altar
(high). First altars were simple memorial piles (Gen. 8:20; 12:7; 26:25; 35:1). Afterward to lay sacrifices upon (Ex. 17:15-16; 27:1-8). Usually built of earth or stone (Ex. 20:24-26); but sacrificial altars quite elaborate (Ex. 40:26-33). Still more elaborate in Solomon’s Temple (1 Kings 8:64; 2 Chron. 7:7). Altar fires to burn perpetually (Lev. 6:12-13). Altar of Incense, called “golden” to distinguish it from Altar of Sacrifice, called “brazen” (Ex. 30:1-10; 40:5, 1 Kings 7:48; 1 Chron. 28:18).
Al-taschith
(destroy not). In title to Psalm 57; 58; 59, 75. Probably the tune is meant.
Alush
(crowd). Last halting-place of Israelite before Rephidim (Num. 33:13-14).
Alvah
(wickedness). A duke of Edom (Gen. 36:40). Called Allah (1 Chron. 1:51).
Alvan
(tall). A Monte (Gen. 36:23). Allan (1 Chron. 1:40).
Amad
(enduring). An unknown place in Asher (Josh. 19:26).
Amal
(labor). An Asherite (1 Chron. 7:35).
Amalek
(valley dweller). An Edomite chieftan (Gen. 36:12; 1 Chron. 1:36).
Amalekites
A nomad tribe of the Sinai wilderness (Gen. 14:7). Called the first of all nations (Num. 24:20). Dwelt to the South (Num. 13:29). Smitten by Gideon (Judg. 7:12-23); by Saul (1 Sam. 15:3-9); and David (1 Sam. 30:18; 1 Chron. 4:43). “Mount of Amalekites” was in Ephraim (Judg. 12:15).
Amam
(gathering place). A city in south Judah (Josh. 15:26).
Aman
(mother). (Esther 10:7); Apoch. [HAMAN.]
Amana
(covenant). Probably a mount of Anti-Libanus range (Song of Sol. 4:8).
Amariah
(the Lord says). (1) Father of Ahitub (1 Chron. 6:7). (2) A high priest (2 Chron. 19:11). (3) Head of a Kohathite family (1 Chron. 23:19; 24:23). (4) Head of one of the twenty-four courses of priests (2 Chron. 31:15; Neh. 10:3). (5) A priest in Ezra’s time (Ezra 10:42). (6) A priest who returned with Zerubbabel (Neh. 10:3; 12:2,13). (1) An ancestor of Zephaniah the prophet (Zeph. 1:1).
Amasa
(burden). (1) Nephew of David (2 Sam. 17:25). Rebelled with Absalom, and defeated by Joab (2 Sam. 18:6). Reconciled to David (2 Sam. 19:13), and killed by Joab (2 Sam. 20:10). (2) A prince of Ephraim (2 Chron. 28:12).
Amasai
(burdensome). (1) A Levite (1 Chron. 6:25,35). (2) A chief of captains who deserted to David (1 Chron. 12:18). (3) A priest who blew the trumpet before the Ark (1 Chron. 15:24). (4) A Kohathite (2 Chron. 29:12).
Amashai
(burdensome). A priest (Neh. 11:13).
Amasiah
(whom Jehovah bears). Captain of 200,000 men in Judah (2 Chron. 17:16).
Amaziah
(strength of Jehovah). (1) Eighth king of Judah. Reign B. C. 837-809 (2 Kings 14:1-20). Rebuked by God for idolatry (2 Chron. 25:1-16). Defeated by Joash and murdered at Lachish (2 Chron. 25:17-28). (2) A descendant of Simeon (1 Chron. 4:34). (3) A Levite (1 Chron. 6:45). (4) An idolatrous priest of Bethel (Amos 7:10-17).
Ambassador
(servant). A person chosen by one government to represent it at the seat of another. Earliest mention (Num. 20:14; Josh. 9:4; Judg. 11:17-19). Injury to them an insult to their king (2 Sam. 10:3-6). The term includes both messenger and message (Luke 14:32). Ministers called ambassadors of Christ (2 Cor. 5:20).
Amber
Hardly the fossil vegetable gum of commerce (Ezek. 1:4,27; 8:2); but rather the yellow composition of gold and silver known as electrum.
Amen
(true). A final word used to fix the stamp of truth upon an assertion (Num. 5:22; Deut. 27:15; Matt. 6:13; 1 Cor. 14:16). Promises of God are amen (2 Cor. 1:20). A title of Christ (Rev. 3:14).
Amethyst
(not wine). A purplish quartz, ranking among the precious stones, and forming the third stone in the third row of the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:19; 39:12). A stone in the foundations of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:20).
Ami
(builder). A returned captive (Ezek. 2:57). Amon (Neh. 7:59).
Aminadab
(Matt. 1:4; Luke 3:33); for AMMINADAB.
Amittai
(true). The father of Jonah (2 Kings 14:25; Jonah 1:1).
Ammah
(head). A hill near Gibeon to which Joab pursued Abner (2 Sam. 2:24).
Ammi
(my people). Applied figuratively to the Israelites (Hos. 2:1 marg.).
Ammiel
(people of God). (1) The spy of Dan who perished for his evil report (Num. 13:12). (2) Father of Machir (2 Sam. 9:4-5). (3) Father of Bathsheba (1 Chron. 3:5); called Eliam (2 Sam. 11:3). (4) A doorkeeper of the Temple (1 Chron. 26:5).
Ammihud
(people of praise). (1) Father of the chief of Ephraim at time of Exodus (Num. 1:10; 2:18; 7:48,53; 10:22; 1 Chron. 7:26). (2) A Simeonite (Num. 34:20). (3) A Naphtalite (Num. 34:28). (4) Father of Talmai, king of Geshur (2 Sam. 13:37). (5) A descendant of Pharez (1 Chron. 9:4).
Amminadab
(one of the prince’s people). (1) A prince of Judah (Num. 1:7; 2:3; Ruth 4:19-20; 1 Chron. 2:10). (2) Chief of the sons of Uzziel (1 Chron. 15:10-12). (3) Written Amminadib (Song of Sol. 6:12).
Ammi-shaddai
(people of the Almighty). Father of the prince of Dan at time of the Exode (Num. 1:12; 2:25; 7:66; 10:25).
Ammizabad
(people of the giver). Commander in David’s army (1 Chron. 27:6).
Ammon, Ammonites, Children of Ammon
Land of the Ammonites was east of the Dead Sea between the Arnon on the south to the Jabbok on the north (Num. 21:24; Deut. 2:19-20). People called Ammonites from their ancestor Ben-Ammi (Gen. 19:38). Nomadic, idolatrous, incursive and cruel (1 Sam. 11:1-3; Amos 1:13; Judg. 10:6). Reduced to servitude by David (2 Sam. 12:26-31). Denounced by Jeremiah and Ezekiel (Jer. 49:1-6; Ezek. 25:2-10).
Ammonitess
A woman of Ammon.
Ammon-no
[NO.]
Amnon
(faithful). (1) Eldest son of David, killed by his brother Absalom (2 Sam. 13:1-29). (2) Son of Shimon (1 Chron. 4:20).
Amok
(deep). A returned priest (Neh. 12:7,20).
Amon or Amen
(mystery). An Egyptian god worshipped at Thebes as “Amen the Sun.” Written No (Nah. 3:8).
Amon
(builder). (1) A governor of Samaria under Ahab (1 Kings 22:26; 2 Chron. 18:25). (2) Fourteenth king of Judah, B. C. 642-640. A shameless idolater, and killed in a conspiracy (2 Kings 21:19-26). Reign pictured (Zeph. 1:4; 3:3-4,11).
Amorites
(highlanders). One of the nations of Canaan before the Hebrew conquest (Gen. 10:16; 14:7; Num. 13:29; Deut. 1:20; Josh. 5:1; 10:6; 11:3; 1 Sam. 23:29). Occupied both sides of the Jordan (Josh. 13:15-27; Num. 21:21).
Amos
(weighty). One of the lesser prophets. Lived during reigns of Uzziah and Jeroboam II. (Amos 1:1-7; 7:14-15). His book is 30th of O. T. It rebukes the sins of Israel and closes with God’s promise. Book abounds in rural allusions.
Amoz
(strong). Father of Isaiah (Isa. 1:1; 2 Kings 19:2).
Amphipolis
(surrounded city). A city of Macedonia, 33 miles S. W. of Pliilippi (Acts 17:1).
Amplias
(large). A Roman friend of Paul (Rom. 16:8).
Amram
(exalted). (1) Father of Moses and Aaron (Ex. 6:18-20). (2) A descendant of Seir (1 Chron. 1:41); Hemdan (Gen. 36:26). (3) A son of Bani (Ezra 10:34).
Amramites
Descendants of Amram (Num. 3:27; 1 Chron. 26:23).
Amraphel
(keeper of gods). A Hamite king who joined the expedition against Sodom (Gen. 14).
Amulets
(charms). Belts, rings, necklaces, ornaments, mystically inscribed or not, worn for protection against evil enchantment. Referred to (Gen. 35:4; Judg. 8:24; Isa. 3:20; Hos. 2:13).
Amzi
(strong). (1) A Levite (1 Chron. 6:46). (2) A priest (Neh. 11:12).
Anab
(grape). Place in south Judah (Josh. 11:21).
Anah
(answering). Father-in-law of Esau (Gen. 36:2-25).
Anaharath
(gorge). A border place of Issachar and Manasseh (Josh. 19:19).
Anaiah
(whom God answers). (1) A priest who assisted Ezra (Neh. 8:4). (2) A co-covenanter with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:22).
Anak
(collar), Children of (Num. 13:22). [ANAKIM.]
Anakim or -kims
A race of giants in southern Canaan (Deut. 1:28). Defeated by Joshua, and land given to Caleb (Josh. 11:21-22; 14:12-15).
Anamim
A Mizraite people, not located (Gen. 10:13).
Anammelech
(kingly image). Companion god of Adrammelech, worshipped in Samaria, and representing the female power of the sun (2 Kings. 17:31).
Anan
(cloud). A co-covenanter with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:26).
Anani
(covered by Jehovah). A descendant of Judah (1 Chron. 3:24).
Ananiah
(covered by Jehovah). (1) A priestly assistant of Nehemiah (Neh. 3:23). (2) A city of Benjamin (Neh. 11:32).
Ananias
(whom Jehovah has given). (1) The doubtful convert, whose tragic ending is narrated in Acts 5:1-11. (2) A Jewish disciple at Damascus (Acts 9:10-27; 22:12). (3) A high priest, A. D. 48 (Acts 23:2-5; 24:1).
Anath
(answer). Father of Shamgar (Judg. 3:31).
Anathema
(devoted). The devoted thing, if inanimate, fell to the priests (Num. 18:18); if animate, it was to be slain (Lev. 27:28-29). In N. T. a curse (Rom. 9:3; 1 Cor. 12:3; 16:22). In the latter instance Maranatha is added, the meaning being “Let him be accursed.”
Anathoth
(answers). (1) A descendant of Benjamin (1 Chron. 7:8). (2) A co-covenanter with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:19). (3) A Levitical city of Benjamin (Josh. 21:18; 1 Chron. 6:60; Isa. 10:30).
Anchor
(hook). Anchors for holding ships to one spot were formerly cast from the stern (Acts 27:29).
Andrew
(manly). An Apostle of Christ (John 1.35-40; Matt. 4:18). Brother of Simon Peter, native of Bethsaida, and fisherman. Original disciple of John the Baptist (Mark 13:3; John 6:6-13; 12:22).
Andronicus
(man conqueror). A Christian friend of Paul’s at Rome (Rom. 16:7).
Anem
(two springs). A Levitical city of Issachar (1 Chron. 6:73).
Aner
(boy). (1) A Levitical city in Manasseh (1 Chron. 6:70). (2) An Amorite chief of Hebron (Gen. 14:13-24).
Anethothite
(2 Sam. 23:27); Antothite (1 Chron. 11:28; 12:3); Anetothite (1 Chron. 27:12). An inhabitant of Anathoth.
Angel
(messenger). A messenger (2 Sam. 2:5; Luke 7:24). In a spiritual sense, a messenger of God (Gen. 24:7; Heb. 1:14). Nature (Matt. 18:10). Number (1 Kings 22:19; Matt. 26:53; Heb. 12:22). Strength (Psa. 103:20; Rev. 5:2). Activity (Isa. 6:2-6). Appearance (Matt. 28:2-4; Rev. 10:1-2). Office (Isa. 6:1-3; Rev. 6:11; Matt. 13:49; 16:27; 24:31).
Aniam
(sighing of the people). A Manassite (1 Chron. 7:19).
Anim
(fountains). A city in mountains of Judah (Josh. 15:50).
Anise
A plant of the parsley family, producing aromatic seeds used in medicine and cookery, and with which tithes were paid (Matt. 23:23).
Anklet
Much worn in the East as ornaments for the ankles, sometimes with bells (Isa. 3:16-20). [BELLS.]
Anna
(gracious). A prophetess at Jerusalem (Luke 2:36).
Annas
(humble). (1) Harim (Ezra 10:31). (2) A Jewish high priest, A. D. 7-23. Succeeded by his son-in-law, Caiaphas, A. D. 25 (John 18:13; Luke 3:2).
Anoint
(to smear on). Anointing with oil or ointment, a common practice in the East (Gen. 28:18; 31:13; Deut. 28:40; Ruth 3:3). A mark of respect (Luke 7:46, Psa. 23:5); or of induction to priestly office (Ex. 40:15; Num. 3:3); or to kingly office (1 Sam. 9:16; 10:1); or as an act of consecration (Ex. 28:41); or as an act of healing (Mark 6:13). Christ was anointed with the Holy Ghost (Luke 4:18; Acts 4:27; 10:38; Isa. 61:1; Psa. 45:7).
Ant
(emmet). Twice referred to in O. T.; first as to its diligence, and second as to its wisdom (Prov. 6:6; 30:25).
Antelope
(animal). The word translated “fallow deer” (Deut. 14:5), as well as “pygarg,” implies a species of antelope.
Antichrist
(against Christ). In 1 John 2:18,22; 4:3; 2 John 7, applied to those who hold heretical opinions of the incarnation.
Antioch
(after Antiochus). (1) Capital of the Greek kings of Syria, on the Orontes. First Gentile church founded there, and disciples first called Christians there (Acts 11:19-21,26). (2) A city of Pisidia (Acts 13:14). Starting point of the persecutions which followed Paul all through Asia Minor (Acts 14).
Antiochus
(opponent). (1) King of Syria, B. C. 261. Prefigured as “King of the North” (Dan. 11:6). (2) Antiochus III., called “The Great,” B. C. 223 (Dan. 11:14-19).
Antipas
(like the father). A martyr of Pergamos (Rev. 2:13).
Antipatris
(for his father). Ancient Capharsaba, rebuilt and renamed by Herod; 34 miles N. W. of Jerusalem (Acts 23:31).
Antonia
A fortress on N. W. side of Temple at Jerusalem (Acts 21:31-40).
Antothijah
(answers of Jehovah). A son of Jehoram (1 Chron. 8:24).
Antothite
A native of Anathoth (1 Chron. 11:28; 12:3).
Anub
(confederate). A descendant of Judah (1 Chron. 4:8).
Apelles
(called). Friend of Paul (Rom. 16:10).
Apes
Were brought from the same countries which supplied ivory and peacocks (1 Kings 10:22; 2 Chron. 9:21).
Apharsachites, Apharsathchites, Apharsites
(rending). Assyrian nomads settled in Samaria (Ezra 4:9; 5:6).
Aphek
(strength). (1) A royal city of the Canaanites, near Hebron (Josh. 12:18). Probably Aphekah (Josh. 15:53). (2) A city in the extreme north of Asher (Josh. 19:30). Probably Aphik (Judg. 1:31). (3) A place N. W. of Jerusalem (1 Sam. 4:1). (4) A Philistine encampment near Jezreel (1 Sam. 29:1). (5) A walled city of Syria (1 Kings 20:26).
Aphekah
(Josh. 15:53). [APHEK.]
Aphiah
(refreshed). A progenitor of Saul (1 Sam. 9:1).
Aphik
(Judg. 1:31). [APHEK.]
Aphrah
(dust). An uncertain place (Mic. 1:10).
Aphses
(dispersion). Chief of the 18th course of the temple service (1 Chron. 24:15).
Apocalypse
(uncovered). The Greek name for Revelation.
Apocrypha
(hidden). That collection of 14 O. T. books not regarded as canonical. Also the rejected N. T. books.
Apollonia
(belonging to Apollo). A city of Macedonia (Acts 17:1).
Apollos
(belonging to Apollo). A learned Jew and Christian convert of Alexandria, who became a preacher and friend of Paul (Acts 18:24-28; 1 Cor. 3:6-9; Titus 3:13).
Apollyon
(destroyer). Greek name of Abaddon, “angel of the bottomless pit” (Rev. 9:11). [ABADDON.]
Appaim
(nostrils). Son of Nadab (1 Chron. 2:30-31).
Apothecary
(to place away). The apothecary’s art was called for in the mixing of perfume (Ex. 30:35).
Apostle
(one sent forth). Official name of the twelve disciples. As to power and names see Matthew 10:1-42; John 16:13; Mark 16:20. In a broad sense, any one commissioned to preach the gospel (2 Cor. 8:23; Phil. 2:25). Term applied to Christ (Heb. 3:1).
Apparel
[CLOTHES.]
Appeal
(drive to). This right acknowledged by Jewish law (Deut. 17:8-9). It lay to the judges (Judg. 4:5); then to the kings; later to a special tribunal (2 Chron. 19:8-10; Ezra 7:25); finally to the Sanhedrim. Paul appealed to the Roman Emperor (Acts 25:11).
Apphia
(productive). A Christian woman addressed by Paul (Philem. 2).
Appiiforum
(market place of Appius). A town, 43 miles S. E. of Rome, on the Appian Way (Acts 28:15).
Apple, Apple-tree
(bursting forth, in Hebrew). The fruit is alluded to (Prov. 25:11; Song of Sol. 2:5; 7:8). Tree mentioned (Song of Sol. 2:3; 8:5; Joel 1:12). For figurative use see Prov. 7:2; Zech. 2:8; Psa. 17:8; Lam. 2:18.
Aquila
(eagle). A Jewish convert of Pontus, and valuable assistant of Paul (Acts 18:2; 1 Cor. 16:19; Rom. 16:3).
Ar, Ar of Moab
(city). A chief place of Moab (Num. 21:28; Isa. 15:1). Aroer (Deut. 2:36). Used to type the Moabite people or land (Deut. 2:9,18,29).
Ara
(lion). Head of a family of Asher (1 Chron. 7:38).
Arab
(ambush). A city of Hebron (Josh. 15:52).
Arabah
(burnt up). A Hebrew word (Josh. 18:18), designating the valley of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and the depression through Arabia to the Gulf of Akabah.
Arabia
(desert). Known in O. T. as “East Country” (Gen. 10:30; 25:6); and “Land of the Sons of the East” (Gen. 29; Judg. 6:3; 7:12). Arabia, from Arab the people (2 Chron. 9:14; Isa. 21:13; Jer. 25:24; Ezek. 27:21). That extensive peninsula lying south of Palestine and between the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Persian Gulf. Home of many nomadic races, and in close commerce and even kinship, through Ishmael, with the Hebrews (1 Kings 10:15; 2 Chron. 9:14). Paul visited it (Gal. 1:17). Often referred to by prophets (Isa. 42:11; Jer. 25:24).
Arad
(wild ass). (1) A valorous Benjamite (1 Chron. 8:15). (2) A royal city of the Canaanites (Num. 21:1; Josh. 12:14).
Arah
(wandering). (1) An Asherite (1 Chron. 7:39). (2) Head of a returned family (Ezra 2:5; Neh. 7:10).
Aram
(high). (1) Translated Mesopotamia (Gen. 24:10). The high part of Syria to the N. E. of Palestine. Absorbed by Syria, with capital at Damascus (1 Kings 20:1; Isa. 7:8; 1 Kings 11:24). (2) A descendant of Nahor (Gen. 22:21). (3) An Asherite (1 Chron. 7:34). (4) An ancestor of Christ (Matt. 1:4; Luke 3:33).
Aram-naharaim
(highlands of two rivers) (Psa. 60 title).
Aram-zobah
(Psa. 40 title).
Aramitess
A female inhabitant of Aram (1 Chron. 7:14).
Aran
(wild goat). A Horite (Gen. 36:28).
Ararat
(high land). A high mountain of Armenia, and resting place of Noah’s ark (Gen. 8:4).
Araunah
(ark). A Jebusite prince who sold his threshing-floor to David (2 Sam. 24:18-24; 1 Chron. 21:25).
Arba
(one of four). A forefather of Anak (Josh. 14:15; 15:13; 21:11).
Arbah
Hebron, or Kirjath-arba (Gen. 35:27).
Arbathite
An inhabitant of the Arabah (2 Sam. 23:31; 1 Chron. 11:32).
Arbel
(Hos. 10:14). [BETH-ARBEL.]
Arbite
A native of Arab (2 Sam. 23:35).
Archangel
(arkanjel) (chief angel). (1 Thess. 4:16; Jude 9).
Archelaus
(prince of the people). A son of Herod the Great, and ethnarch (B. C. 4-A. D. 9) of Idumea, Judea, and Samaria (Matt. 2:22).
Archery
(use of the arcus, or bow). Use of the bow and arrow, an important art in Biblical times (Gen. 27:3; Isa. 22:6; 49; 2 Psa. 127:4-5). Benjamites noted archers (Judg. 19-21).
Archevites
Probably inhabitants of Erech (Ezra 4:9).
Archi
A place or clan in Joseph (Josh. 16:2). [ARCHITE.]
Archippus
(chief of stables). A Christian teacher at Colossae (Col. 4:17; Phil. 2).
Archite
Supposed to refer to a clan of Erech (2 Sam. 15:32; 16:16; 17:5-14. 1 Chron. 27:33).
Architecture
(builder’s art). Descendants of Shem were city builders (Gen. 4:17; 10:11-12). Hebrew ideas of architecture ripened in Egypt, and by contact with Tyre. David enlarged Jerusalem. Solomon built a palace and temple (2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Kings 7). The returned captives were great builders (Ezra 3:8-10; Neh. 3; 6:15).
Arcturus
(the bear). The constellation Ursa Major, commonly called the “Great Bear” or “Charles’s Wain” (Job 9:9; 38:32).
Ard
(fugitive). A grandson of Benjamin (Gen. 46:21; Num. 26:40).
Ardites
Descendants of Ard or Addar (Num. 26:40).
Ardon
(fugitive). A son of Caleb (1 Chron. 2:18).
Areli
(heroic). A son of Gad. Children called Arelites (Num. 26:17; Gen. 46:16).
Areopagite
A member of the court of Areopagus, Acts 17:34.
Areopagus
(hill of Mars). A rocky hill near the center of Athens, where the court of justice sat (Acts 17:19-34).
Aretas
(excellence). Father-in-law of Herod Antipas (2 Cor. 11:32).
Argob
(stony). A country of Bashan, and one of Solomon’s commissary districts (Deut. 3:4; 1 Kings 54:13).
Aridai
(strong). Ninth son of Haman (Esther 9:9).
Aridatha
Sixth son of Haman (Esth. 9:8).
Arieh
(lion). A prince of Israel, killed by Pekah (2 Kings 15:25).
Ariel
(lion of God). (1) A leader of returning captives (Ezra 8:16). (2) The city of Jebus-Salem, Jerusalem (Isa. 29:1-2).
Arimathaea
(heights). Home of Joseph in Judea (Matt. 27:57; Mark 15:43; Luke 23:51; John 19:38).
Arioch
(venerable). (1) A King of Elassar (Gen. 14:1-9). (2) Captain under Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 2:14).
Arisai
(lion like). Eighth son of Haman (Esther 9:9).
Aristarchus
(best ruler). A Thessalonian companion of Paul on his third missionary tour (Acts 19:29; 20:4; 27:2; Col. 4:10; Philem. 24).
Aristobulus
(best counselor). A Christian and resident at Rome (Rom. 16:10).
Ark
(chest). The vessel in which Noah and his family were saved (Gen. 6;7;8). Also a little boat of rushes (Ex. 2:3).
Ark of the Covenant
Built by direction (Ex. 25). A chest of Shittim wood for tabernacle use 3 ft. 9 in. long, by 2 ft. 3 in. wide and high, lined and covered with gold, whose lid was the mercy-seat, on either end of which were cherubs. Golden rings were on the sides, through which poles passed for carrying. Captured by Philistines (1 Sam. 4:10-11); returned to Kirjath-Jearim; brought thence by David to Jerusalem (2 Sam. 6:1; 1 Chron. 15:25,28); placed in temple by Solomon (2 Chron. 5:2-10).
Arkite
A descendant of Arka (Gen. 10:17; 1 Chron. 1:15).
Armageddon
(hill of Megiddo). A typical battlefield between the hosts of good and evil (Rev. 16:16).
Armenia
(Land of Aram). The plateau of Western Asia, whence flow its great rivers Euphrates, Tigris, Araxes (2 Kings 19:37; Isa. 37:38).
Armlet
(for the arms). An arm ornament in general use in the East. “Bracelet” (2 Sam. 1:10).
Armoni
A son of Saul (2 Sam. 21:8).
Arms, Armor
Hebrew offensive weapons were the sword (1 Sam. 17:51; 25:13; 2 Sam. 20:8; Judg. 3:16); spear (1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 2:23; 23:8); bow and arrow [ARCHERY]; sling (2 Kings 3:25); battle-ax (Jer. 51:20). Among defensive armor were breastplates, cuirasses, coats of mail, helmets, greaves, habergeons, shields, bucklers (1 Sam. 17:5-7; 2 Chron. 26:14).
Army
Hebrew males twenty years old and upward subject to military duty (Num. 1:2-3). Tribes formed army divisions. Numerated by hundreds and thousands, each with captains (Num. 31:14). Kings had body-guards (1 Sam. 13:2; 25:13). Later, a standing army formed (2 Chron. 25:6). No cavalry till Solomon’s time. War declared and exempts used as (Deut. 20:1-14; 24:5). In N. T. Roman army composed of legions, with chief captains (Acts 21:31); tents of legions, or cohorts, and bands (Acts 10:1); maniples, or thirds of legions; centuries, 100 men each and two to a maniple. Captain of a 100 called a Centurion (Matt. 8:5; 27:54).
Arnan
Head of a returned family (1 Chron. 3:21).
Arnon
(noisy). A stream emptying into Dead Sea from the East, and boundary between the Amorites and Moabites (Num. 21:13; Judg. 11:18). Afterward between Moab and Israel (Deut. 2:24; Josh. 12:1; 13:9; Judg. 11:13).
Arod
(wild ass). Gadite founder of the Arodites (Num. 26:17). Called Arodi (Gen. 46:16).
Arodites
[AROD.]
Aroer
(ruins). (1) A Reubenite city on the Arnon (Deut. 2:36; Josh. 12:1-2; Judg. 11:26). Later fell back to Moab (Jer. 48:19-20). (2) A town of Gad (Num. 32:34; Josh. 13:25; 2 Sam. 24:5). (3) An unidentified place (Isa. 17:2). (4) A town in South Judah (1 Sam. 30:28).
Aroerite
Designation of Hothan (1 Chron. 11:44).
Arpad or Arphad
(strong). A city, or district, in Syria, dependent on Damascus (Isa. 36:19; 37:13; Jer. 49:23; 2 Kings 18:34; 19:13).
Arphaxad
(Chaldean fortress). A son of Shem (Gen. 10:22,24; 11:10-13; 1 Chron. 1:17-18,24).
Arrows
[ARMS.]
Artaxerxes
(brave warrior). (1) A Persian king who stopped the rebuilding of the temple at Jerusalem (Ezra 4:7,23-24). (2) Another Persian king, friendly to Nehemiah (Neh. 2:1).
Artemas
(gift of Artemis). A friend of Paul (Titus 3:12).
Artillery
The missile equipment of a Jewish soldier — lance, arrows (1 Sam. 20:40). [ARMS.]
Arts
The tricks of magic and astrology (Acts 19:19). [ASTROLOGERS.]
Aruboth
(windows). The third commissary district of King Solomon (1 Kings 4:10).
Arumah
(height). Residence of Abimelech, near Shechem (Judg. 9:41).
Arvad
(wandering). An island, now Ruad, lying three miles off Tyre (Ezek. 27:8-11).
Arvadite
A native of Arvad (Gen. 10:18; 1 Chron. 1:16).
Arza
Keeper of King Elah’s palace at Tirzah (1 Kings 16:9).
Asa
(physician). (1) Third king of Judah (1 Kings 15:8-34); reigned B. C. 955-914; abolished idolatry; battled victoriously with Ethiopia (2 Chron. 14); involved with Israel; buried with pomp (2 Chron. 16). (2) A Levite (1 Chron. 9:16).
Asahel
(creature of God). (1) The fleet-footed nephew of David, killed by Abner (2 Sam. 2:18-23). (2) A Levitical legal instructor (2 Chron. 17:8). (3) A Levite and tithing-man (2 Chron. 31:13). (4) A priest (Ezra 10:15).
Asahiah
(the Lord made). A learned servant of King Josiah (2 Kings 22:12-14). Asaiah (2 Chron. 34:20).
Asaiah
(whom the Lord made). (1) Prince of a Simeonite family (1 Chron. 4:36). (2) A Levite chief (1 Chron. 6:30; 15:6-11). (3) A Shilonite (1 Chron. 9:5). Maaseiah (Neh. 11:5). (4) Asaiah (Chron. 34:20).
Asaph
(gatherer). (1) Levitical leader of David’s choir (1 Chron. 6:39; 2 Chron. 29:30; Neh. 12:46). Twelve of the Psalms are attributed to him, to wit (Psa. 1 and Psa. 73-83. (2) Ancestor of Joah the chronicler (2 Kings 18:18; Isa. 36:3,22). (3). Keeper of royal forests under Artaxerxes (Neh. 2:8). (4) Another conductor of the Temple choir (1 Chron. 9:15; Neh. 11:17).
Asaph, Sons of
A school of poets and musicians founded by Asaph.
Asareel
(oath bound). A descendant of Judah (1 Chron. 4:16).
Asarelah
(upright). A minstrel prophet under David (1 Chron. 25:2). Jesharelah (1 Chron. 25:14).
Ascalon
[ASHKELON.]
Ascension
See CHRIST.
Asenath
(devotee of Neith, the Egyptian Minerva), Egyptian wife of Joseph (Gen. 41:45-50; 46:20).
Aser
(Luke 2:36; Rev. 7:6). [ASHER.]
Ash
Ash was not indigenous to Palestine; perhaps pine or cedar is meant (Isa. 44:14).
Ashan
(smoke). A city in Judah (Josh. 15:42); and Simeon (Josh. 19:7; 1 Chron. 4:32).
Ashbea
(I adjure). A doubtful genealogical name (1 Chron. 4:21).
Ashbel
(reproof). Second son of Benjamin (Gen. 46:21; Num. 26:38; 1 Chron. 8:1).
Ashchenaz
(1 Chron. 1:6; Jer. 51:27). [ASHKENAZ.]
Ashdod or Azotus
(stronghold). A Philistine city between Gaza and Joppa; assigned to Judah (Josh. 15:47; 1 Sam. 5:1). Azotus (Acts 8:40).
Ashdodites
Dwellers in Ashdod (Neh. 4:7).
Ashdothites
Dwellers in Ashdod (Josh. 13:3).
Ashdoth-pisgah
(Springs of Pisgah). Probably the “slopes of Pisgah,” to the east (Deut. 3:17; 4:49; Josh. 12:3; 13:20).
Asher
(happiness). (1) Eighth son of Jacob (Gen. 30:13). Aser in N. T. For boundaries of his allotment see (Josh. 19:24-31; 17:10-11; Judg. 1:31-32). (2) A boundary town of Manasseh (Josh. 17:7).
Asherah
(straight). [ASHTAROTH.]
Asherites
Members of the tribe of Asher (Judg. 1:32).
Ashes
To sprinkle with or sit in ashes, marked humiliation, grief, and penitence (Gen. 18:27; 2 Sam. 13:19; Esth. 4:3; Job 2:8; Jer. 6:26; Lam. 3:16; Matt. 11:21). The altar ashes, when a red heifer was sacrificed, were watered and used for purifying the unclean (Num. 19:17-22).
Ashima
(offence). A Syrian god worshipped in Samaria (2 Kings 17:30).
Ashkelon, Askelon
(migration). A Philistine city and seaport on the Mediterranean, 10 miles N. of Gaza, Eshkalon (Josh.13:3); Askelon (Judg. 1:18); Ashkelon (Judg. 14:19; 1 Sam. 6:17). Its destruction predicted (Jer. 47:5-7; Amos 1:8; Zech. 9:5; Zeph. 2:7).
Ashkenaz
(fire that spreads). A grandson of Japhet (Gen. 10:3). Ashchenaz (1 Chron. 1:6; Jer. 51:27).
Ashnah
(change). Two towns of Judah, one N. W. the other S.W. of Jerusalem, 16 miles distant (Josh. 15:33,43).
Ashpenaz
(horse-nose). Master of eunuchs under Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 1:3).
Ashriel
(1 Chron. 7:14). [ASRIEL.]
Ashtaroth and Astaroth
(star). A city of Bashan, noted for its worship of Ashtoreth (Deut. 1:4; Josh. 9:10; 12:4; 13:12).
Ashterathite
An inhabitant of Ashtaroth (1 Chron. 11:44).
Ashteroth Karnaim
(Ashteroth of two peaks). A city of the giant Rephaim in Bashan (Gen. 14:5).
Ashtoreth
(star). The principal female deity of the Phoenicians; the Ishtar of the Assyrians, and Astarte of the Greeks and Romans. Solomon introduced her worship into his kingdom (Judg. 2:13; 1 Kings 11:5,33; 2 Kings 23:13).
Ashur
(black). Founder of Tekoa (1 Chron. 2:24; 4:5).
Ashurites
Asherites (2 Sam. 2:9).
Ashvath
A son of Japhlet (1 Chron. 7:33).
Asia
(eastern). Only in N. T., and then with reference to Asia Minor, or even to western Asia Minor, with the capital at Ephesus (Acts 2:9; 6:9; 16:6; 1 Cor. 16:19).
Asiaarch
(-ark). Chief of the religious rites and public games of the Roman province of Asia (Acts 19:31).
Asiel
(made by God). A progenitor of Jehu (1 Chron. 4:35).
Askelon
[ASHKELON.]
Asnah
(thorn-bush). Father of a returned family (Ezra 2:50).
Asnapper
(swift). Leader of Cuthaean colonists into Samaria (Ezra 4:10).
Asp
(viper). The hooded venomous serpent known as the African cobra. Adder (Psa. 58:4; 91:13), answers the description of asp (Deut. 32:33; Job 20:14-16; Isa. 11:8; Rom. 3:13).
Aspatha
Third son of Haman (Esther 9:7).
Asriel
(help of God). Founder of the Asrielites (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2); Ashriel (1 Chron. 7:14).
Ass
Five different Hebrew words give it name in the Bible. A patient beast of burden, and palfrey for even kings (Gen. 22:3; 12:16; 36:24; 1 Chron. 27:30; Job 1:3; Zech. 9:9), which last is the prophecy of Christ’s entry into Jerusalem (Matt. 21:1-9).
Asshur
Second son of Shem (Gen. 10:22). Also Hebrew form for Assyria (Ezek. 27:23).
Asshurim
(steps). A tribe descended from Abraham (Gen. 25:3).
Assir
(prisoner). (1) A Levite (Ex. 6:24; 1 Chron. 6:22). (2) A forefather of Samuel (1 Chron. 6:23,37). (3) Son of Jeconiah (1 Chron. 3:17).
Assos or Assus
(approaching). A Roman seaport on northern shore of Gulf of Adramyttium (Acts 20:13-14).
Assur
(Ezra 4:2; Psa. 83:8). [ASSHUR; ASSYRIA.]
Assyria
(country of Asshur). That ancient empire on the Tigris whose capital was Nineveh (Gen. 2:14; 10:11-22). In its splendor it embraced Susiana, Chaldea, Babylon, Media, Armenia, Assyria proper, Mesopotamia, Syria, Phoenicia, Palestine, and Idumea. Assyrian kings frequently invaded Israel (2 Kings 15:19; 16:7-9; 15:29; 2 Chron. 28:20). Shalmaneser destroyed Samaria, B. C. 721, and carried the people captive. Assyria was overthrown by the Medes and Babylonians, 625 B. C., after an existence of 1200 years.
Astaroth
(Deut. 1:4). [ASHTAROTH]
Astarte
[ASHTORETH.]
Asuppim, House of
(gatherings). Probably store-rooms in the Temple (1 Chron. 26:15,17). “Thresholds” (Neh. 12:25).
Asyncritus
(incomparable). A Christian friend of Paul, at Rome (Rom. 16:14).
Atad, Threshing Floor of
Name changed to Abel-mizraim, which see (Gen. 50:10-11).
Atarah
(crown). Mother of Onam (1 Chron. 2:26).
Ataroth
(crowns). (1) A town of Gilead (Num. 32:3,34). (2) A place on the southern boundary of Ephraim (Josh. 16:2,7). (3) Perhaps same as above (1 Chron. 2:54).
Ater
(shut up). Heads of two different returned families (Ezra 2:42; Neh. 7:21).
Athach
(stopping place). A town in southern Judah (1 Sam. 30:30).
Athaiah
(whom God made). A descendant of Pharez (Neh. 11:4). Uthai (1 Chron. 9:4).
Athaliah
(afflicted by God). (1) Wicked wife of Jehorom, king of Judah, who introduced the worship of Baal and was slain by her own guards (2 Kings 11; 2 Chron. 22-24). (2) A Benjamite (1 Chron. 8:26). (3) Head of a returned Jewish family (Ezra 8:7).
Athenians
Inhabitants of Athens (Acts 17:21).
Athens
(city of Athena, or Minerva). Capital of Attica and chief seat of Grecian learning and civilization. Situated in S. E. part of the Grecian Peninsula, five miles from its seaport, the Piraeus. Paul preached on its Areopagus or Mars’ Hill (Acts 17:19-22), and founded a church there.
Athlai
(whom God afflicts). A son of Bebai (Ezra 10:28).
Atonement
(to cover). First, a work presented to God that perfectly glorifies His name and character about sin by sacrifice, and second, the bearing of our sins. By the blood-shedding of Christ, the believer may have the certainty that his sins are all gone, that God will remember them no more (Ex. 30:16; Lev. 1; Lev. 14-17; Lev. 23:27-32).
Atroth
(crowns). A city of Gad (Num. 32:35).
Attai
(ready). (1) A grandson of Sheehan (1 Chron. 2:35-36). (2) A lion-faced warrior of Gad (1 Chron. 12:11). (3) A son of King Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11:20).
Attalia
A coast town of Pamphylia (Acts 14:25).
Augustus
(venerable). Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, grandnephew of, and heir to, Julius Caesar. Made first emperor of Rome B. C. 27, with title of Augustus. During his reign Christ was born (Luke 2:1). Died A. D. 14, aged 76 years.
Augustus Band
(Acts 27:1). [ARMY.]
Ava
(ruin) A place in Assyria (2 Kings 17:24).
Aven
(nothingness). (1) An unidentified plain (Amos 1:5). (2) Beth-aven, or Bethel (Hos. 10:8). (3) Heliopolis or city of On (Ezek. 30:17).
Avenge, Avenger
Exaction of just satisfaction (Luke 18:8; 1 Thess. 4:6). “Avenger of Blood” was the pursuer of a slayer to avenge the blood of the slain. He must be a relative of the dead one (Deut. 19:6).
Avim, Avims, Avites
(ruins). (1) A primitive people who pushed into Palestine from the desert of Arabia (Deut. 2:23). (2) Colonists from Ava sent to people Israel (2 Kings 17:31).
Avith
(ruins). The king’s city of Edom (Gen. 36:35; 1 Chron. 1:46).
Awl
Shape not known, but use expressed (Ex. 21:6; Deut. 15:17).
Axe
Seven Hebrew words so translated. It was of stone or iron, crudely fastened to a handle of wood (Deut. 19:5; 2 Kings 6:5-7).
Azal
Probably a common noun (Zech. 14:5).
Azaliah
(near Jehovah). Father of Shaphan the scribe (2 Kings 22:3).
Azaniah
(whom God hears). Father of Jeshua (Neh. 10:9).
Azarael
(whom God helps). A Levite musician (Neh. 12:36).
Azareel
(whom God helps). (1) A companion of David at Ziklag (1 Chron. 12:6). (2) A Levite musician (1 Chron. 25:18). (3) A prince of Dan (1 Chron. 27:22). (4) Son of Bani (Ezra 10:41). (5) A priest (Neh. 11:13).
Azariah
(whom God helps). (1) Grandson of Zadok (1 Kings 4:2; 1 Chron. 6:9). (2) A chief of officer under Solomon (1 Kings 4:5). (3) Tenth king of Judah, commonly called Uzziah (2 Kings 14:21; 15:1-27; 1 Chron. 3:12). (4) A son of Ethan (1 Chron. 2:8). (5) A son of Jehu (1 Chron. 2:38-39). (6) A high priest under Abijah and Asa (1 Chron. 6:10). (7) A wrongly inserted name (1 Chron. 6:13). (8) An ancestor of Samuel (1 Chron. 6:36). (9) A prophet in Asa’s reign (2 Chron. 15:1). (10) Son of King Jehoshaphat (2 Chron. 21:2). (11) Another son of Jehoshaphat (2 Chron. 21:2). (12) For Ahaziah (2 Chron. 22:6). (13) A captain of Judah (2 Chron. 23:1). (14) High priest in reign of Uzziah (2 Chron. 26:17-20). (15) A captain of Ephraim in reign of Ahaz (2 Chron. 28:12). (16) A Levite (2 Chron. 29:12). (17) Another Levite (2 Chron. 29:12). (18) High priest in time of Hezekiah (2 Chron. 31:10-13). (19) One who helped to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. 3:23-24). (20) Leader of a returned family (Neh. 7:7). (21) A Levite who helped Ezra (Neh. 8:7). (22) A co-covenanter with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:2). (23) Jezaniah (Jer. 43:2). (24) Hebrew name of Abed-nego (Dan. 1:6).
Azaz
(strong). A Reubenite (1 Chron. 5:8).
Azaziah
(whom God strengthens). (1) A Levite musician (1 Chron. 15:21). (2) A chief of Ephraim (1 Chron. 27:20). (3) Custodian of tithes and offerings under Hezekiah (2 Chron. 31:13).
Azbuk
(devastation). Father of Nehemiah (Neh. 3:16).
Azekah
(dug over). A town of Judah (Josh. 10:10-11).
Azel
(noble). A descendant of Saul (1 Chron. 8:37-38; 9:43-44).
Azem
(bone) A city of Judah and Simeon (Josh. 15:29; 19:3). EZEM, elsewhere.
Azgad
(strength of fortune). (1) Head of a large returned family (Ezra 2:12; 8:12; Neh. 7:17). (2) A co-covenanter with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:15).
Aziel
(whom God comforts). A Levite (1 Chron. 15:20); Jaaziel (1 Chron. 15:18).
Aziza
(strong). A returned captive (Ezra 10:27).
Azmaveth
(strong unto death). (1) One of David’s mighty men (2 Sam. 23:31; 1 Chron. 11:33). (2) A descendant of Mephibosheth (1 Chron. 8:36; 9:42). (3) A Benjamite (1 Chron. 12:3). (4) David’s treasurer (1 Chron. 27:25). (5) A place in Benjamin (Ezra 2:24; Neh. 12:29). Beth-azmaveth (Neh. 7:28).
Azmon
(strong). A place in southern Palestine (Num. 34:4-5; Josh. 15:4).
Aznoth-tabor
(summits of Tabor). A boundary of Naphtali (Josh. 19:34).
Azor
(helper). One of Christ’s ancestors (Matt. 1:13-14).
Azotus
Greek form of Ashdod (Acts 8:40). [ASHDOD.]
Azriel
(help of God). (1) Head of Manassite family (1 Chron. 5:24). (2) A Naphtalite (1 Chron. 27:19). (3) Father of Seraiah (Jer. 36:26).
Azrikam
(avenging help). (1) A descendant of Zerubbabel (1 Chron. 3:23). (2) A descendant of Saul (1 Chron. 8:38; 9:44). (3) A Levite (1 Chron. 9:14; Neh. 11:15). (4) Prefect of King Ahaz’s palace (2 Chron. 28:7).
Azubah
(forsaken). (1) Wife of Caleb (1 Chron. 2:18-19). (2) Mother of Jehoshaphat (1 Kings 22:42; 2 Chron. 20:31).
Azur
(helper). (1) Father of the false prophet Hananiah (Jer. 28:1). (2) Father of one of the princes against whom Ezekiel prophesied (Ezek. 11:1).
Azzah
(strong). For GAZA (Deut. 2:23; 1 Kings 4:24; Jer. 25:20).
Azzan
(very strong). A chief of lssachar (Num. 34:26).
Azzur
(helper). A co-covenanter with Nehemiah (Neh. 10:17). Azur, elsewhere.
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