Boyd's Bible Dictionary: T
James P. Boyd
Table of Contents
Taanach
(sandy). A Canaanite city conquered by Joshua and assigned to Levites (Josh. 12:21; 17:11-18; Judg. 1:27; 1 Kings 4:12). Now Taanak, 4 miles from Megiddo. Tanach (Josh. 21:25).
Taanath-shiloh
(pass to Shiloh). A border mark of Ephraim (Josh. 16:6).
Tabbaoth
(rings). Father of returned Nethinim (Ezra 2:43; Neh. 7:46).
Tabbath
(famous). Where the fleeing Midianites stopped after Gideon’s night attack (Judg. 7:22).
Tabeal
(good God). Father of a general under Pekah, or in Rezin’s Syrian army, whom it was proposed to make king of Judah (Isa. 7:6).
Tabeel
(good God). A Persian officer in Samaria under King Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7).
Taberah
(burning). A place in the wilderness of Paran, where the Israelites encamped. It was so called because God there consumed the murmurers. The encampment remained there for a month, and the excessive eating of quail led to a pestilence, for which reason the place was called Kibroth-hattavah, or “graves of lust” (Num. 11:3,34; Deut. 9:22).
Tabering
Beating upon the tuber, tabret, or small drum
Word now obsolete (Nah. 2:7).
Tabernacle
(little shed or tent). Tent of Jehovah, or movable sanctuary, which Moses was directed to erect in the wilderness (Ex. 25:8). Its plan, materials, and furnishings are described in Exodus 25:9-40; 26; 27. It could be readily taken down and set up and accompanied the Israelites during their wanderings (Ex. 40:38). During the conquest it was stationed at Gilgal (Josh. 4:19; 9:6; 10:15); and at Ebal (Josh. 8:30-35). After the conquest it was set up at Shiloh (Josh. 18:1), where it remained during the time of the Judges and where the ark was captured by the Philistines (1 Sam. 4:17,22). Sometime after the return of the ark it was taken to Jerusalem and placed in a new tabernacle, and finally in the temple (2 Sam. 6:17; 1 Chron. 15:1), but the old structure was still venerated, as long as it remained at Shiloh. It was afterward removed to Nob (1 Sam. 21:1-9), and in the reign of David to Gibeon (1 Chron. 16:39; 21:29), where it was at the beginning of Solomon’s reign. Some suppose that the tabernacle and its furniture were moved into Solomon’s temple when it was completed.
Tabernacle of Testimony
As the stone tables of the Ten Commandments were called the “tables of testimony”
(Ex. 31:18; 32:15; 34:29); and the ark which contained them was called the “ark of testimony” (Ex. 25:22), so the tabernacle in which the ark was placed was called the “tabernacle of testimony” (Ex. 38:21; Num. 1:50). Called also “the tabernacle of witness” (Num. 17:7-8).
Tabernacles, Feast of
Third of the three great Hebrew feasts, celebrated from the 15th to 22d of Tisri
It commemorated the long tent life of the Israelites, and during its celebration the people dwelt in booths. Called also “feast of ingathering” (Ex. 23:16), because it came at end of harvest. It was closed with a holy convocation (Lev. 23:36); and on Sabbatical years was similarly opened and closed, when the law was read anew (Deut. 31:11-13). For law as to solemnization (see Lev. 23:34-43; Num. 29:12-40). Its observance is referred to (Neh. 8:13-18; Hos. 12:9; Zech. 14:16-19; John 7:2,37-38).
Tabitha
(gazelle). The Christian woman of Joppa whom Peter raised from the dead (Acts 9:36-42). [DORCAS.]
Table
(board). Primitive tables were merely leather or skins spread on the floor. After the captivity they were slightly raised. Beds or couches are meant (Mark 7:4); writing tablet of wax (Luke 1:63). The “tables” (Matt. 21:12; John 2:15), were doubtless sufficiently raised to answer the purposes of a counter for money-changing purposes. The meaning of “serve tables” (Acts 6:2), is that duty which fell to the early Christian ministry of attending to the gathering and distributing of food to the poor, or of collecting and distributing the church funds. This duty was transferred to the deacons (Acts 6:5-6).
Tabor
(mound). (1) A high mountain on north side of plain of Esdraelon; landmark between Issachar and Zebulun (Josh. 19:22); gathering place of Barak’s forces (Judg. 4:6-14); scene of murder of Gideon’s brothers (Judg. 8:18-21). (2) Levitical town in Zebulun (1 Chron. 6:77). (3) “Plain of Tabor” (1 Sam. 10:3), should read “oak of Tabor.”
Tabret
(little tabor). A small drum or tambourine, without jingles; used to accompany pipes (1 Sam. 18:6). [TlMBREL.]
Tabrimon
(Rimmon is good). Father of Benhadad I, King of Syria in time of Asa (1 Kings 15:18).
Tache
(tack). Taches were hooks or clasps of gold or copper for connecting the tabernacle curtains (Ex. 26:6,11).
Tachmonite
(2 Sam. 23:8). Hachmonite, or “son of Hachmoni.”
Tadmor
(Tamar, palms). The Palmyra of the Greeks and Romans. A city built by Solomon in Syria, toward the Euphrates, for the purpose of facilitating trade with the east. Its ruins are numerous and suggestive (1 Kings 9:18; 2 Chron. 8:4). Tadmor, or Palmyra, reached the height of its splendor, wealth, and power under the celebrated Zenobia, “Queen of the East,” who made it the capital of her empire. It fell a prey to the victorious Romans. Among its notable ruins are the Temple of the Sun dedicated to Baal, a Street of Columns, of which 150 are still standing, and a series of magnificent tombs intended for both burial places and places of worship. The old name still exists in the form of Thadmor.
Tahan
(camp). An Ephraimite (Num. 26:35; 1 Chron. 7:25).
Tahanites
Descendants of Tahan
(Num. 26:35).
Tahapanes
(Jer. 2:16). [TAHPANHES.]
Tahath
(station). (1) A desert station of the Israelites (Num. 33:26-27). (2) A Kohathite Levite, a son of Assir and father of Uriel (1 Chron. 6:24,37). (3) Two Ephraimites (1 Chron. 7:20).
Tahpanhes
An ancient city of Egypt on the Tanitic mouth of the Nile
Identical with the Daphne of the Greeks. A favorite resort of exiled Jews (Jer. 43:7-9; 44:1; 46:14). Jeremiah was taken thither, after the murder of Gedaliah, and the Pharaoh erected a brick palace there. The children of Noph and Tahpanhes are made to type the entire population of Egypt (Jer. 2:16).
Tahpenes
An Egyptian queen, wife of the Pharaoh who received Hadad, king of Edom
(1 Kings 11:18-20).
Tahrea
(cunning). A descendant of Saul (1 Chron. 9:41). Tarea (1 Chron. 8:35).
Tahtim-hodshi
An unknown land visited by Joab during his census tour
(2 Sam. 24:6).
Tale
(number). A reckoning by number and not by weight (Ex. 5:8).
Talent
(weight). A Hebrew weight and denomination for money, equal to 3,000 shekels, or 931 pounds of silver, and varying in value from $1,550 to $2,000 (Ex. 38:25; Matt. 18:24). The Attic, or Greek talent, was worth about $1,200; the Roman great talent, $500; the Roman small talent, $375.
Talitha cumi
Two Syro-Chaldaic words spoken by Christ, and meaning “Damsel, arise”
(Mark 5:41).
Talmai
(brave). (1) A son of Anak (Num. 13:22; Josh. 15:14; Judg. 1:10). (2) King of Geshur and father-in-law of David (2 Sam. 3:3).
Talmon
(captive). A temple porter (1 Chron. 9:17), and father of a family of returned captives (Ezra 2:42; Neh. 7:45; 11:19; 12:25).
Talmud
(instruction). The body of Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in the Pentateuch, and commonly including the Mishna (traditions and decisions) and Gemara (expositions).
Tamah
(mirth). Ancestor of returned Nethinim (Neh. 7:55). Thamah (Ezra 2:53).
Tamar
(paIm-tree). (1) Widow of Er and Onan, of Judah, and mother of Pharez and Zarah, by Shelah (Gen. 38). (2) Daughter of David and sister of Absalom (2 Sam. 13:1-32). (3) Daughter of Absalom wife of Uriel and mother of Maachah, queen of Abijah (2 Sam. 14:27; 2 Chron. 13:2). (4) A frontier place in south Judah, a day’s journey from Hebron (Ezek. 47:19; 48:28).
Tammuz
(sprout). A Syrian idol corresponding to the Greek Adonis (Ezek. 8:14).
Tanach
(Josh. 21:25). [TAANACH.]
Tanhumeth
(comfort). Father of one of Gedaliah’s captains (2 Kings 25:23; Jer. 40:8).
Tanis
(Ezek. 30:14 marg.). [ZOAN.]
Tanner
(oaker). Tanning not a reputable occupation among Hebrews. It was carried on outside of cities and towns. Peter stopped with Simon, a tanner of Joppa (Acts 9:43).
Taphath
(drop). A daughter of Solomon, who married Ben-abinadab (1 Kings 4:11).
Tappuah
(apple). (1) A descendant of Judah (1 Chron. 2:43). (2) A city in the plain-country of Judah, four miles N. W of Hebron (Josh. 15:34). (3) A border place between Ephraim and Manasseh (Josh. 16:8; 17:8).
Tarah
(station). A desert encampment of the Israelites (Num. 33:27).
Taralah
(winding). A town in Benjamin (Josh. 18:27).
Tarea
(1 Chron. 8:35). [TAHREA.]
Tares
(tears). The darnel is supposed to be meant. It grows somewhat like wheat till near ripening time, and chokes the growth of cereals (Matt. 13:25-30).
Target
(shield). A small shield is meant, and not a target or mark in a modern sense (1 Sam. 17:6). In the margin it is called “gorget,” which was a defensive piece of armor, in the days of chivalry, used to protect the joint or opening between the helmet and cuirass.
Tarpelites
Assyrian colonists in Samaria after the captivity
(Ezra 4:9).
Tarshish, Tharshish
(solid, rocky). (1) Second son of Javan (Gen. 10:4). (2) The city with which the Phoenicians traded. Associated with Tartessus in Spain (Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 38:13). (3) Another Tarshish is inferable from the statement that Solomon’s ships at Ezion-geber on the Red Sea traded with Tarshish or Tharshish (1 Kings 9:26; 22:48; 2 Chron. 9:21; 2 Chron. 20:36). But many suppose that a class of ships—“ships of Tarshish,” like “East India merchantmen”—is referred to rather than a port.
Tarsus
(wing). Chief city of Cilicia, Asia Minor, on river Cydnus, six miles from the Mediterranean. Birthplace of Paul and rival of Athens and Alexandria in literature and fine arts (Acts 9:11,30; 11:25; 21:39; 22:3). At the mouth of the Cydnus were fine docks, and Tarsus had, at one time, considerable commercial importance. Some would identify it with Tarshish. It was founded by the Assyrian, Sardanapalus, and was captured by the Romans and made a free city. It is now represented by Tersons, a mean Turkish city with a fluctuating population.
Tartak
(prince of darkness). An idol introduced into Samaria by Avite colonists, and worshipped under the form of an ass, symbolizing darkness (2 Kings 17:31).
Tartan
Not a proper name, but an army official, like general or commander-in-chief
(2 Kings 18:17; Isa. 20:1).
Tatnai
(gift). A Persian governor in Palestine (Ezra 5:3,6; 6:6,13).
Taverns
(huts). “Three Taverns” was a place on the Appian Way, 33 miles south of Rome, where Paul met some of his Roman brethren (Acts 28:15).
Taxes
(touches). First Hebrew taxes were tithes, first-fruits, redemption money, for use of the priests. Taxes amplified under the kings and became burdensome (1 Kings 10:28-29; 12:4). Jews under heavy tribute while subject to foreign rulers (Neh. 5). The tithe-tax became a poll-tax (Neh. 10:32-33); and continued (Matt. 17:24). The enrollment, or census, of Luke 2:2, and Acts 5:37, was for the purpose of Roman taxation, which was onerous, being on the head, the field-hand, the ground and the products thereof, the harbors, city-gates, and city houses.
Tears
Allusion is supposed, by some, to be made to a custom of preserving the tears of mourners in a bottle and placing it in the sepulcher
(Psa. 56:8). Others regard the words as a bold metaphor, expressive of David’s wish that God would keep in memory his many penitential tears, as the traveler stores his water, milk, or wine in leather bottles for a journey.
Tebah
(slaughter). A son of Nahor by his concubine Reumah (Gen. 22:24).
Tebaliah
(purged). Third son of Hosah the Merarite (1 Chron. 26:11).
Tebeth
(goodness). Tenth month of Hebrew sacred, and fourth of civil, year; commencing with new moon in January (Esther 2:16).
Tehaphnehes
(Ezek. 30:18). (TAHPANHES.]
Tehinnah
(entreaty). Son of Eshton and founder of Ir-nahash, city of Nahash (1 Chron. 4:12).
Teil-tree
(lime-tree). Terebinth, or oak of Palestine (Isa. 6:13).
Tekoa, Tekoah
(fort). A town of Judah on the Hebron ridge, six miles from Bethlehem, and on the border of the wilderness (2 Chron. 20:20; Jer. 6:1). Colonized by Ashur (1 Chron. 2:24; 4:5); fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11: 6). Home of the “wise woman” who interceded for Absalom (2 Sam. 14:2-9). Birthplace and residence of the prophet Amos (Amos 1:1). Now Tekua.
Tekoite
Dweller in Tekoa
(2 Sam. 23:26; 1 Chron. 11:28; 27:9; Neh. 3:5,27).
Tel-abib
(grain-heap). A city in Chaldea or Babylonia where captive Jews resided (Ezek. 3:15).
Telah
(strength).Son of Raphah, an Ephraimite ancestor of Joshua (1 Chron. 7:25).
Telaim
(lambs). Place where Saul collected his forces before attacking the Amalekites (1 Sam. 15:4).
Telassar, Thelasar
(Assyrian hill). Place in western Mesopotamia, near Haran and Orfa (2 Kings 19:12; Isa. 37:12).
Telem
(oppression). (1) A city in extreme southern Judah (Josh. 15:24). (2) A temple doorkeeper in time of Ezra (Ezra 10:24).
Tel-harsa, Tel-haresha
(uncultivated hill). A place in Babylonia whence captive Jews returned (Ezra 2:59; Neh. 7:61).
Tel-melah
(salt hill). A city mentioned with the above. Identified by some with the Thelme of Ptolemy, near the Persian Gulf (Ezra 2:59; Neh. 7:61).
Tema
(desert). Ninth son of Ishmael, and name of his tribe and country. Referred to Teyma in Syria, on the caravan route from Damascus to Mecca (Gen. 25:15; 1 Chron. 1:30; Job 6:19; Isa. 21:14; Jer. 25:23).
Teman
(desert). Oldest son of Eliphaz, and grandson of Esau (Gen. 36:11). Also the tribe and country of Temani or Temanites, in Edom (Jer. 49:7; Ezek. 25:13; Amos 1:12; Obad. 9; Hab. 3:3).
Temani, Temanite
(Gen. 36:34; Job 2:11). [TEMAN.]
Temeni
A son of Ashur, father of Tekoa
(1 Chron. 4:6).
Temple
(1) Solomon’s temple erected at Jerusalem on Mount Moriah. David proposed to transform the tabernacle into a permanent temple at Jerusalem, and collected much material, but its construction was forbidden by the prophet Nathan (1 Chron. 17; 2 Sam. 7:7-29). Solomon completed the work after David’s plans and with the assistance of Hiram, king of Tyre. He began to build in the fourth year of his reign, B. C. 1012, and finished and dedicated it B. C. 1005 (1 Chron. 21; 22; 28:11-19; 29:4-7; 1 Kings 6-8; 2 Chron. 3-7). This costly and imposing structure, for the age, was pillaged several times during the Eastern invasions, and was finally destroyed during the last siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, B. C. 588. (2) The temple of Zerubbabel was begun in B. C. 534, by the returned captives under the lead of Zerubbabel and the patronage of King Cyrus of Persia. Owing to discords and direct opposition it was not completed till B. C. 515. It was much inferior to the first in cost and beauty, though one third larger in dimensions. It was partially destroyed by Antiochus Epiphanes, B. C. 163, and restored by Judas Maccabeus (Ezra 3-6). (3) Herod the Great removed the decayed temple of Zerubbabel and began the erection of a new one B. C. 17. This gorgeous and costly structure was not completed till the time of Herod Agrippa II., A. D. 64. It was of marble, after Graeco-Roman designs, and was destroyed by the Romans under Titus, A. D. 70, time verifying Mark 13:2.
Tempt
(hold). Ordinarily, the offering of an inducement to do wrong (Matt. 4:1-11; Luke 4:13); but a trial of one’s faith (Gen. 22:1; James 1:2-3); trial of God’s patience (Ex. 17:2; 1 Cor. 10:9); an effort to ensnare (Matt. 16:1; 19:3; 22:18; Mark 10:2; Luke 10:25).
Tent
(stretched). The house of nomad and pastoral peoples. It was made of strong cloth, chiefly of goat’s hair, stretched on poles, and firmly pegged to the ground (Gen. 4:20; 18:1; Judg. 4:21; Isa. 38:12).
Terah
(laggard). Father of Abraham. He was of Ur in Chaldea, started west with his family, stopped in Haran, and died there, aged 205 years. Through his sons, Abraham, Nahor, and Haran, he was the ancestor of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Midianites, Moabites, and Ammonites (Gen. 11:27-32).
Teraphim
(images). Little images kept in Eastern households for private consultation and worship. This species of idolatry or superstition was in favor with Hebrews, though often denounced (Gen. 31:19,34-35; Judg. 18:17; 1 Sam. 15:23; 19:13,16; 2 Kings 23:24; Hos. 3:4; Zech. 10:2).
Terebinth
[TEIL-TREE
Teresh
(strict). A eunuch of Ahasuerus, whose plot to murder his master was discovered by Mordecai (Esther 2:21-23).
Tertius
(third). Paul’s scribe in writing his Epistle to the Romans (Rom. 16:22).
Tertullus
(little third). A Roman lawyer or orator hired by the high priest and Sanhedrim to prosecute Paul before the procurator Felix (Acts 24:1-9).
Testament
(witness). One of the two volumes of the Sacred Scriptures, which treat of the old and new dispensations; distinguished as the Old Testament, treating of revelation before the Advent of Christ, and the New Testament, containing that made after the Advent (2 Cor. 3:6; Heb. 9:15).
Testimony
(witness). The entire revelation of God (Psa. 119:88,99); the tables of stone (Ex. 25:16); the ark in which the tables were deposited (Ex. 25:22); the gospel of Christ (1 Cor. 1:6; Rev. 1:2).
Tetrarch
(fourth ruler). Originally, one governing the fourth part of a country. Under Roman rule, any ruler or petty prince of the republic and empire, especially in Syria (Matt. 14:1; Luke 3:1; 9:7; Acts 13:1). Sometimes called king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:14,22).
Thaddaeus
(wise). Surname of the apostle Jude, and another form of Lebbaeus (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18). [JUDE.]
Thahash
(badger). Son of Nahor (Gen. 22:24).
Thamah
(Ezra 2:53). [TAMAH.]
Thamar
(Matt. 1:3). [TAMAR, 1.]
Thammuz
[TAMMUZ
Thank Offering
The peace offering of Leviticus 3, as offered with thanksgiving
(Lev. 7:11-15).
Thara
(Luke 3:34). [TERAH.]
Tharra
(Esther. 12:1). [TERESH.]
Tharshish
(rocky). (1) (1 Kings 10:22; 22:48). [TARSHISH.] (2) A Benjamite (1 Chron. 7:10).
Theatre
(sight). A place where dramatic performances are exhibited (Acts 19:29); but the spectacle or performance itself (1 Cor. 4:9). The introduction of the theater by Herod the Great greatly offended the Jews.
Thebes
(life of the god). Classical name of No or No-amon (Jer. 46:25; Nah. 3:8; Ezek. 30:14,16). [NO.]
Thebez
(prominent). Now Tubas, a village near Shechem, and scene of Abimelech’s tragic death (Judg. 9:50-55; 2 Sam. 11:21).
Theft, Thief
Punishment of theft was severe under the Mosaic law, as in all pastoral countries where the property was chiefly in flocks, more or less exposed to persons of felonious intent
The thief was compelled to make restitution, five-fold for a stolen ox and fourfold for a sheep. To kill a thief, caught in the act, was not a capital offense. If restitution was impossible a thief could be sold (Ex. 22:1-4).
Thelasar
(2 Kings 19:12). [TELASSAR.]
Theophilus
(lover of God). The unknown person, probably an official, to whom Luke addressed his Gospel and his history of the Acts of the Apostles (Luke 1:3; Acts 1:1).
Thessalonians
People of Thessalonica, to whom Paul addressed two epistles, 13th and 14th N
T. books. The first was written at Corinth, A. D. 52 or 53, soon after the author had founded a church at Thessalonica, and upon the strength of favorable reports from Timothy. Its design was to confirm the new converts in the faith, strengthen them against persecution, correct their errors of doctrine and work, and inculcate purity of life. The second was also written from Corinth, soon after the first, and designed to correct false impressions concerning Christ’s advent, and especially to place the author right before the world as an authorized apostle and teacher.
Thessalonica
Ancient Thermae, “hot springs;” now Salonika
Enlarged by Cassander and called Thessalonica after his wife, daughter of Alexander the Great. An important city of Macedonia, at the head of the Gulf of Thessalonica, or Thermae. Paul visited it during his second tour and founded a strong church there, to whose members he wrote two epistles (Acts 17:1-9).
Theudas
(God’s gift). An insurgent Jew mentioned in Gamaliel’s speech before the council (Acts 5:34-39).
Thigh
Placing the hand under the thigh was a form of adjuration mentioned
(Gen. 24:2; 47:29), and supposedly prevalent in patriarchal times, but only taken by inferiors, as by servants or sons, and as significant of subjection and the purpose of obedience.
Thimnathah
(Josh. 19:43). [TIMNAH.]
Thistle, Thorn
No less than eighteen Hebrew words embrace the thistle, thorn, brier, and bramble species, which is prolific in Palestine
(Gen. 3:18). Figurative for desolation (Prov. 24:31; Isa. 5:6; Hos. 2:6); providential visitation (Num. 33:55; Judg. 2:3; 2 Cor. 12:7); hindrance (Prov. 15:19); troubles (Prov. 22:5). “Crown of thorns,” both punishment and derision (Matt. 27:29).
Thomas
(twin). The cautious, susceptible, even doubtful, apostle, whose name, in Greek, was Didymus, “twin,” (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; John 11:16; 14:5-6; 20:24-29; Acts 1:13).
Thorn
[THISTLE
Three Taverns
[TAVERNS
Threshing
(thrashing). Done anciently by treading with oxen or horses, or by drawn sleds, sometimes spiked, on earthen floors, usually on high spots of ground (Deut. 25:4; 1 Chron. 21:15-28; Isa. 28:27-28; 41:15-16). The flail or stick is mentioned (Ruth 2:17).
Throne
(seat). The seat of one in authority, as high priest (1 Sam. 1:9); military chief (Jer. 1:15); but especially of a king (2 Sam. 3:10; 1 Kings 2:12; 7:7; 10:18-20; 22:10; Acts 12:21).
Thummim
(Ex. 28:30). [URIM]
Thunder
(sound). Rare in Palestine, hence regarded as God’s displeasure (1 Sam. 12:17); Jehovah’s voice (Job 37:2; Psa. 18:13; Isa. 30:30-31; John 12:29); symbol of divine power (Ex. 19:16; 1 Sam. 2:10; 2 Sam. 22:14; Isa. 29:6; Rev. 8:5).
Thyatira
(burning incense). A city of northern Lydia in Asia Minor, founded by Seleucus Nicator, much inhabited by Jews, seat of one of the seven churches of Asia (Acts 16:14; Rev. 2:18-29).
Thyine-wood
Wood of the thyia, sandarac or pine variety, yielding a choice gum and hard, dark colored, fragrant wood
Indigenous to northern Africa (Rev. 18:12).
Tiberias
(1) Sea of (John 6:1; 21:1). [GENNESARET.] (2) A town of Galilee on the west shore of Lake Gennesaret or Sea of Galilee, founded by Herod Antipas, A. D. 16-22, and named in honor of the emperor Tiberius. It seems to have imparted its name to the lake or sea. Once noted for its learning and architectural beauty, but now the miserable village of Tabariyeh (John 6:1,23; 21:1).
Tiberius
Tiberius Claudius Nero, second emperor of Rome, A
D. 14-37. Stepson of Augustus, a vigorous warrior, eloquent orator, and able statesman, but an indolent, despotic ruler. He is the Caesar of Luke 3:1; 20:22-25; 23:2; John 19:12.
Tibhath
(killing). Capital of Hadadezer, king of Zobah (1 Chron. 18:8). Betah (2 Sam. 8:8).
Tibni
(knowing). The sixth king of Israel, son of Ginath, and competitor of Omri for the throne of Israel (1 Kings 16:21-22).
Tidal
(great chief). A chief of nomadic tribes, who joined Chedorlaomer in his attack on the cities of the plain (Gen. 14:1-16).
Tiglath-pileser
(Adar’s son my help). Second of the Assyrian kings in contact with Israel. He invaded Samaria (2 Kings 15:29), and a few years afterward returned, taking many captives (1 Chron. 5:26). King Ahaz, of Judah, became his vassal (2 Kings 16:7-10). He reigned B. C. 747-739.
Tigris
(arrow). Great eastern tributary of the Euphrates, rising in the Armenian mountains and flowing southeastwardly 1146 miles. Between it and the Euphrates lay Mesopotamia. In the Septuagint version it stands for Hiddekel, one of the rivers of Eden (Gen. 2:14).
Tikvah, Tikvath
(hope). (1) Father-in-law of Huldah the prophetess (2 Kings 22:14; 2 Chron. 34:22). (2) Father of Jahaziah (Ezra 10:15).
Tile
(cover). A broad, thin slab of burnt clay, used as a shingle on Oriental houses (Ezek. 4:1).
Tilgath-pilneser
(1 Chron. 5:6; 2 Chron. 28:20). [TIGLATH-PILESER.]
Tilon
(gift). A Judahite (1 Chron. 4:20).
Timaeus
(honored). Father of the blind Bartimaeus (Mark 10:46).
Timbrel
(bell, drum). A Hebrew musical instrument somewhat resembling the tambourine (Ex. 15:20; Judg. 11:34; Psa. 68:25). [TABRET.]
Timna, Timnah
(portion). (1) Mother of Amalek (Gen. 36:12). (2) A duke of Edom (Gen. 36:40), who gave his name to a boundary of Judah (Josh. 15:10). (3) A mountain town of Judah (Josh. 15:57).
Thimnathah
(Josh. 19:43).
Timnath
(1) (Gen. 38:14). [TIMNA, 2.] (2) Home of Samson’s wife (Judg. 14:1-5).
Timnath-heres
(Judg. 2:9). [TIMNATH-SERAH].
Timnath-serah
( fruitful portion). A city in Ephraim given to Joshua, and his home and burial place (Josh. 19:50; 24:30). Written Timnath-heres (Judg. 2:9).
Timnite
Designation of Samson’s father-in-law, the Timnathite
(Judg. 15:6).
Timon
(honorable). One of the first seven deacons (Acts 6:1-6).
Timotheus
(honoring God). (Acts 16:1; 17:14). [TIMOTHY.]
Timothy
(honoring God). Son of Eunice, a Jewess, by a Gentile father. Born in Derbe or Lystra, Lycaonia (Acts 16:1; 2 Tim. 1:5). Converted by Paul and became a close friend and valuable assistant (Rom. 16:21; Heb. 13:23). Recipient of two of Paul’s epistles, 15th and 16th N. T. books. The first was written to him while at Ephesus, probably from Macedonia, and about A. D. 65. The second seems to have been written from Rome some three years later. They are called pastoral epistles, because devoted to description of church work and earnest exhortation to faithfulness.
Tin
A metal well known to ancients
(Num. 31:22); evidently dross (Isa. 1:25). Imported from Tarshish (Ezek. 27:12).
Tiphsah
(ford). The Greek and Roman Thapsacus, a crossing point of the Euphrates, and eastern limit of Solomon’s empire (1 Kings 4:24). Smitten by Menahem (2 Kings 15:16).
Tiras
(longing). Youngest son of Japheth, and supposed progenitor of the Thracian (Gen. 10:2).
Tirathites
Designation of a family of scribes at Jabez
(1 Chron. 2:55).
Tire
(attire). A head-dress (Isa. 3:18; Ezek. 24:17,23); but the original implies any round ornament, as a necklace, worn by persons or animals (Judg. 8:21,26).
Tirhakah
(exalted). A king of Ethiopia and Upper Egypt who became King Hezekiah’s ally against Sennacherib, about B. C. 695 (2 Kings 19; Isa. 37:9).
Tirhanah
(favor). A son of Caleb, son of Hezron (1 Chron. 2:48).
Tiria
(dread). A Judahite (1 Chron. 4:16).
Tirshatha
(governor). Title of the governors of Judea under Persian rule (Ezra 2:63; Neh. 7:65,70; 8:9; Neh. 10:1).
Tirzah
(pleasing). (1) Youngest of the five daughters of Zelophehad (Num. 26:33). (2) An ancient Canaanite city captured by Joshua, and which afterward became the capital of the kingdom of Samaria, till Samaria, the new capital, was founded by King Omri. It was some 30 miles north of Jerusalem, and 5 miles east of Samaria (Josh. 12:24; 1 Kings 14:17; 15:21,33; 16:6; 2 Kings 15:14,16; Song of Sol. 6:4).
Tishbite
Elijah is so designated
(1 Kings 17:1; 21:17,28; 2 Kings 1:3,8; 9:36).
Tisri
Seventh month of the Jewish sacred, and first of the civil, year, corresponding to parts of September and October
Called also Ethanim (1 Kings 8:2; 2 Chron. 5:3).
Tithe
(tenth). One tenth of all produce of lands and herds was set apart, under the Levitical law, for the support of the Levites, and a tenth of their tenth went to the priests. There were tithe regulations among other nations (Gen. 14:20; 28:22; Lev. 27:30-33; Num. 18:21-32; Deut. 12:17-18; 14:22-27). The Pharisees tithed their mint, anise, cummin, and rue (Matt. 23:23).
Tittle
(title). Jot; iota; any minute quantity (Matt. 5:18; Luke 16:17).
Titus
(pleasant). A distinguished Grecian who became a Christian convert and a companion of Paul in his trials and on his missionary tours (Titus 1:4; Gal. 2:3-5; 2 Cor. 8:6,16,23). Entrusted with many important commissions (2 Cor. 12:18; 2 Tim. 4:10; Titus 1:5). Paul wrote an epistle to Titus, the 17th N. T. book, about A. D. 65, designed to instruct him in his ministerial duties in Crete, which were arduous, on account of the immorality of the people.
Tizite
Designation of Joha, one of David’s guardsmen, a brother of Jediael and son of Shimri,
Place unknown (1 Chron. 11:45).
Toah
(bent). A Levite ancestor of Samuel (1 Chron. 6:34). Tohu (1 Sam. 1:1).
Tob
(good). A place or district beyond Jordan and between Gilead and the desert, to which Jephthah fled when banished from Gilead (Judg. 11:3-5). Ish-tob (2 Sam. 10:6,8).
Tob-adonijah
(my good God). A Levite sent out by King Jehoshaphat to teach the law (2 Chron. 17:8).
Tobiah
(God’s goodness). (1) His children returned with Zerubbabel (Ezra 2:60; Neh. 7:62). (2) An Ammonite servant of Sanballat who joined his master in opposing Nehemiah (Neh. 2:10-20).
Tobijah
(God’s goodness). (1) A Levite sent out by King Jehoshaphat to teach the law (2 Chron. 17:8). (2) One of the captivity in whose presence Joshua was crowned high priest (Zech. 6:10-14).
Tochen
(task). An unidentified place in Simeon (1 Chron. 4:32).
Togarmah
(bony). Son of Gomer, of the family of Japheth (Gen. 10:3). His descendants became horse and mule merchants, and have been associated with the ancient Armenians (Ezek. 27:14).
Tohu
(1 Sam. 1:1). [TOAH.]
Toi
(wandering). A king of Hamath, who sent his son to congratulate David on his victory over Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:9-10). Tou (1 Chron. 18:9-10).
Tola
(worm). (1) First-born of Issachar, and progenitor of the Tolaites (Gen. 46:13; Num. 26:23; 1 Chron. 7:1-2). (2) Successor of Abimelech as judge of Israel for twenty-three years (Judg. 10:1-2).
Tolad
(generation). A city in South Judah, called also El-tolad (1 Chron. 4:29).
Tolaites
Descendants of Tola, the son of Issachar
(Num. 26:23).
Toll
(tell). The Persian taxation of conquered Judea consisted of “tribute” levied on each province and collected by the authorities thereof; “custom,” which could be paid in kind; “toll,” which was a cash exaction for the use of bridges, fords, and highways (Ezra 4:13; 7:24).
Tomb
Burial places among Hebrews were caves, recesses in rocks, natural or artificial, and walled sepulchers
[SEPULCHER.]
Tongues
“And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech”
(Gen. 11:1). Confusion of tongues and dispersion of peoples coincident (Gen. 11:7-9). “New tongues” (Mark 16:17), is the first notice of a gift specially characteristic of the first outpouring of the Spirit. Ten days afterward the promise was fulfilled in the Pentecostal phenomenon (Acts 2:1-13).
Tooth
The Jewish law of retaliation permitted the deprivation of “eye for eye, tooth for tooth”
(Ex. 21:24). The principle of this law was condemned by Christ (Matt. 5:38-42). Teeth used figuratively for the inheritable quality of sin (Ezek. 18:2); “cleanness of teeth” a figure for famine (Amos 4:6); “gnashing of teeth” indicative of rage and despair (Matt. 8:12).
Topaz
A variously hued gem, corresponding to the modern chrysolite, which the Hebrews obtained from Ethiopia
(Job 28:19), and which constituted the second stone in first row of the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17), and a foundation stone of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:20).
Tophel
(mortar). A place east of the Dead Sea near Bozrah (Deut. 1:1).
Tophet, Topheth
(drum, noise, place of burning). Part of the valley of Hinnom east or south of Jerusalem. Perhaps once a pleasure garden, but afterward polluted by the abominations incident to the worship of Baal and Molech (2 Kings 23:10; Jer. 7:31; 19:13), and then turned into a dumping and burning place of the city’s refuse. Hence a place of judgment (Jer. 19:6-14). [HINNOM.]
Tormah
(Judg. 9:31 marg.). [ARUMAH.]
Tortoise
(twisted-foot). A faulty rendering. The Septuagint has “land-crocodile,” and doubtless one of the large lizard species is meant (Lev. 11:29).
Tou
(1 Chron. 18:1,10). [TOI.]
Tow
The coarser part of flax or jute
(Judg. 16:9).
Tower
(shot up). Watchtowers, or fortified posts, were frequent on frontiers and exposed places (Gen. 35:21; 2 Chron. 26:10); around vineyards (Isa. 21:5,8,11; Matt. 21:33), and for the use of shepherds (Mic. 4:8). “Tower of Shechem” (Judg. 9:47), evidently a citadel or stronghold. Tower of Babel [BABEL]. “Tower of Siloam,” possibly an observatory (Luke 13:4).
Town Clerk
An official in Ephesus, who recorded the laws and decisions and read them in public
(Acts 19:35-41).
Trachonitis
(stony). One of the Roman provinces into which the country north of the Jordan was divided, and generally associated with Argob, south of Damascus (Luke 3:1).
Trance
(going over). The word in Numbers 24:4,16, is an interjection, without a Hebrew equivalent. In Acts 10:10; 11:5; 22:17, an ecstasy is implied, which carried the subject beyond the usual limits of consciousness and volition.
Transfiguration
(formed over). The supernatural change in the appearance of Christ upon the mount—Hermon of Tabor. It served as an attestation of his Messiahship and an emblem of glorified humanity (Matt. 17:1-13; Mark 9:2-13; Luke 9:28-36).
Treasure Cities
The kings of Judah, and of other nations, kept their treasures in designated cities, called treasure-cities, and in special buildings called treasure-houses
(Ex. 1:11; 1 Chron. 27:25; Ezra 5:17).
Treasury
(place). The place in the temple where gifts were received (1 Chron. 9:26; Mark 12:41; Luke 21:1; John 8:20).
Trench
(cut). In military usage, a ditch for protection, but in 1 Samuel 26:5, the place where the wagons were grouped or packed.
Trespass
(passing over). To violate the personal or property rights of another (Lev. 5:6). To violate a positive law of God (Matt. 6:15).
Trespass offering
This offering was closely allied to the sin offering, and in some cases offered with it as a distinct part of the same sacrifice
(Lev. 5:15; 14:13-32).
Tribe
(division). In a Roman sense, the third part of the empire, but with Hebrews any division of the people, especially that division which sprung from the twelve sons of Jacob, and was perpetuated in their descendants (Gen. 48:5; Num. 26:5-51; Josh. 13:7-33; 15-19). Of these tribes two, Ephraim and Manasseh, sprang from Joseph. Still there were only twelve partitions of conquered Canaan, for the tribe of Levi received no allotment of lands, but was diffused in cities among the other tribes and supported by them. Each tribe was headed by a prince, and each possessed considerable independence even under the monarchy. They waged war separately and among themselves (Judg. 1:2-4; 1 Chron. 5:18-22; 2 Sam. 2:4-9); and finally ten of the tribes revolted and set up the separate kingdom of Israel (19:41-43; 1 Kings 12). For history of each tribe see its title.
Tribute
(gift). A payment made as a token of submission, or for sake of peace, or in pursuance of treaty (Gen. 49:15). The head-tax of half a shekel paid annually by Jews for the support of the temple service (Ex. 30:13).
Troas
(Troad). Alexandria Troas, or in the Troad, was an important city in Mysia, Asia Minor, 6 miles south of the entrance to the Hellespont and 4 from the site of Ancient Troy. It was founded by Alexander the Great and was for many centuries the key of commerce between Europe and Asia. Paul visited it more than once (Acts 16:8-11; 20:5-10; 2 Tim. 4:13).
Trogyllium
(fruit port). Town and promontory on the western coast of Asia Minor, opposite Samos. Paul visited it on his third missionary tour (Acts 20:15).
Troop, Band
These words imply small bodies of marauders
(Gen. 49:19; 2 Sam. 22:30; Jer. 18:22; Mic. 5:1).
Trophimus
(fostered). A Christian convert residing at Ephesus, and co-worker with Paul (Acts 20:4; 21:29; 2 Tim. 4:20).
Trow
(trust). Signifies to think or believe in (Luke 17:9).
Trumpet
(pipe). A wind instrument with a flaring mouth, made of horn or metal and differing but little in form and use from the cornet (Ex. 19:16). [CORNET.]
Trumpets, Feast of
The feast of the new moon which fell on the first of Tisri
(Num. 29:1-6; Lev. 23:24-25). It was the New Year’s day of the Jewish civil year, and was ushered in by the blowing of trumpets and observed by offerings.
Tryphena
(shining). A Christian woman of Rome, saluted by Paul (Rom. 16:12).
Tryphosa
(shining). A Christian woman of Rome, saluted by Paul (Rom. 16:12).
Tubal
(tumult). Fifth son of Japheth (Gen. 10:2; 1 Chron. 1:5). His descendants supposedly inhabited the country between the Caspian and Euxine seas (Isa. 66:19; Ezek. 27:13; 32:26).
Tubal-cain
Son of Lamech the Cainite, by Zillah
He was instructor of artificers in brass and iron (Gen. 4:22).
Turtle, Turtledove
(cooer). The turtle embraces several species of plaintive-noted doves (Gen. 15:9; Psa. 74:19; Isa. 59:11). Those who could not afford the costlier sacrifices could offer two doves or pigeons (Lev. 12:6-8; Luke 2:24). They were migratory (Song of Sol. 2:12; Jer. 8:7).
Tychicus
(fate). A disciple of Paul (Acts 20:4), and his messenger and spokesman (Eph. 6:21-22; Col. 4:7-8).
Tyrannus
(tyrant). A Greek rhetorician at Ephesus in whose school Paul taught for two years (Acts 19:9).
Tyre
(rock). The celebrated commercial city of Phoenicia on the Mediterranean coast. It fell to the lot of Asher, but was never conquered (Josh. 19:29). In intimate commercial relation with Hebrews, and King Hiram furnished the artificers and material for the temple and royal houses at Jerusalem (2 Sam. 5.11; 1 Kings 5.1; 7:13; 9:11-14; 1 Chron. 14:1; 2 Chron. 2:2-18). The city was denounced by the prophets (Isa. 23:1-17; Jer. 27:3; Ezek. 26:3-21). It resisted the five-year siege of Shalmaneser and the thirteen-year siege of Nebuchadnezzar, but fell before that of Alexander. Referred to in N. T. (Matt. 11:21-22; 15:21; Mark 7:24). Paul visited it (Acts 21:3-4).
Tyrus
Name for Tyre in O
T. Prophecies.
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