V.1-8 Only a divine Person could silence the unbelief with such an answer. Remember Jesus had not yet died, so when it says “Gospel” here it is still referring to the good news of the kingdom on earth.
V.9-18 The guilty nation of Israel, was His “vineyard.” After having refused the message sent by so many of His servants, the Old Testament prophets, God looks down and says “I will send my beloved Son.” But they kill that Son. Jews individually are still free to accept the Lord Jesus, of course.
V.19-26 The sins of Israel had brought them under the control of Caesar, the Roman Emperor. The Lord simply tells them to pay whatever Caesar demanded, but also to remember their responsibility to God.
V.27-38 The Lord tells the Sadducees — they did not believe in a resurrection — that in heaven, marriage does not exist at all. The joys of heaven are far, far greater than the joys on earth. “Equal unto the angels” means that angels know nothing of marriage in heaven and neither will we. We shall be higher and nearer than the greatest of angels.