There are three things which replace the Jewish religion, Judaism; (1) the kingdom of heaven as it exists at the present. This we read of in the 13th chapter. Every person who claims to be a Christian is in it, but not necessarily saved. (2) The church of God. All, and only true believers are in it. We received just a glimpse of it in the 16th chapter. (3) The kingdom in glory. This is a brief view into the future, in the transfiguration of our blessed Lord (vvs. 1-8), when He shall be glorified. Every believer in Him shall see Him in this way!
V.3 Moses had been buried by the Lord (Deut. 34:56). Elijah had been caught to heaven by the Lord (2 Kings 2:11). We could also say that Moses represented the law, Elijah represented the prophets. Both pass away. The three disciples are not to put Jesus on a level with these men, for God the Father speaks from heaven (v. 5).
V.8 If it were true of us all, what different people we would be!
V.9 The Son of God was going to be glorified as Son of Man. This latter title is only taken after He has been rejected and humiliated. Try to get this point. Because He was willing to go so low, God will give Him the highest place, and as a Man.
V.10-13 “Elias” is the same man as Elijah. They are confused about Elijah being on the mountain. The Lord explains that John the Baptist announced the coming of Jesus (John 1:6-8, 156There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe. 8He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. (John 1:6‑8)
15John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me. (John 1:15)) when He came the first time — but he is like what Elijah shall be in the future, when he (Elijah) shall return and announce the coming of the Lord in His glory — “E” on your chart.