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Exodus 1

Ex. 1:14 KJV (With Strong’s)

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14
And they made
marar (Hebrew #4843)
properly, to trickle (see 4752); but used only as a denominative from 4751; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
KJV usage: (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, - ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.
Pronounce: maw-rar'
Origin: a primitive root
their lives
chay (Hebrew #2416)
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively
KJV usage: + age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
Pronounce: khah'-ee
Origin: from 2421
n bitter
marar (Hebrew #4843)
properly, to trickle (see 4752); but used only as a denominative from 4751; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
KJV usage: (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, - ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.
Pronounce: maw-rar'
Origin: a primitive root
with hard
qasheh (Hebrew #7186)
severe (in various applications)
KJV usage: churlish, cruel, grievous, hard((-hearted), thing), heavy, + impudent, obstinate, prevailed, rough(-ly), sore, sorrowful, stiff((necked)), stubborn, + in trouble.
Pronounce: kaw-sheh'
Origin: from 7185
bondage
`abodah (Hebrew #5656)
from 5647; work of any kind
KJV usage: act, bondage, + bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, X wrought.
Pronounce: ab-o-daw'
Origin: or mabowdah {ab-o-daw'}
, in mortar
chomer (Hebrew #2563)
properly, a bubbling up, i.e. of water, a wave; of earth, mire or clay (cement); also a heap; hence, a chomer or dry measure
KJV usage: clay, heap, homer, mire, motion.
Pronounce: kho'mer
Origin: from 2560
, and in brick
lbenah (Hebrew #3843)
a brick (from the whiteness of the clay)
KJV usage: (altar of) brick, tile.
Pronounce: leb-ay-naw'
Origin: from 3835
o, and in all manner of service
`abodah (Hebrew #5656)
from 5647; work of any kind
KJV usage: act, bondage, + bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, X wrought.
Pronounce: ab-o-daw'
Origin: or mabowdah {ab-o-daw'}
in the field
sadeh (Hebrew #7704)
from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat)
KJV usage: country, field, ground, land, soil, X wild.
Pronounce: saw-deh'
Origin: or saday {saw-dah'-ee}
: all their service
`abodah (Hebrew #5656)
from 5647; work of any kind
KJV usage: act, bondage, + bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, X wrought.
Pronounce: ab-o-daw'
Origin: or mabowdah {ab-o-daw'}
, wherein they made them serve
`abad (Hebrew #5647)
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.
KJV usage: X be, keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, execute, + husbandman, keep, labour(-ing man, bring to pass, (cause to, make to) serve(-ing, self), (be, become) servant(-s), do (use) service, till(-er), transgress (from margin), (set a) work, be wrought, worshipper,
Pronounce: aw-bad'
Origin: a primitive root
, was with rigor
perek (Hebrew #6531)
fracture, i.e. severity
KJV usage: cruelty, rigour.
Pronounce: peh'-rek
Origin: from an unused root meaning to break apart
q.
n
Ex. 2:23• 23And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. (Ex. 2:23)
;
Ex. 6:9• 9And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. (Ex. 6:9)
;
Num. 20:15• 15How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we have dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians vexed us, and our fathers: (Num. 20:15)
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Ruth 1:20• 20And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me. (Ruth 1:20)
;
Acts 7:19,34• 19The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.
 34I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt. (Acts 7:19,34)
o
Psa. 81:6• 6I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered from the pots. (Psa. 81:6)
;
Nah. 3:14• 14Draw thee waters for the siege, fortify thy strong holds: go into clay, and tread the mortar, make strong the brickkiln. (Nah. 3:14)
q
Lev. 25:43• 43Thou shalt not rule over him with rigor; but shalt fear thy God. (Lev. 25:43)
;
Isa. 58:6• 6Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? (Isa. 58:6)
;
Jer. 50:33• 33Thus saith the Lord of hosts; The children of Israel and the children of Judah were oppressed together: and all that took them captives held them fast; they refused to let them go. (Jer. 50:33)

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Bondage,
Morter

Cross References

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their lives.
Ex. 2:23• 23And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. (Ex. 2:23)
;
Ex. 6:9• 9And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. (Ex. 6:9)
;
Gen. 15:13• 13And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; (Gen. 15:13)
;
Num. 20:15• 15How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we have dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians vexed us, and our fathers: (Num. 20:15)
;
Deut. 4:20• 20But the Lord hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day. (Deut. 4:20)
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Deut. 26:6• 6And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage: (Deut. 26:6)
;
Ruth 1:20• 20And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me. (Ruth 1:20)
;
Acts 7:19,34• 19The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.
 34I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt. (Acts 7:19,34)
in mortar.
Psa. 68:13• 13Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold. (Psa. 68:13)
;
Psa. 81:6• 6I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered from the pots. (Psa. 81:6)
;
Nah. 3:14• 14Draw thee waters for the siege, fortify thy strong holds: go into clay, and tread the mortar, make strong the brickkiln. (Nah. 3:14)
was with rigour.
Ex. 1:13• 13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor: (Ex. 1:13)
;
Ex. 5:7‑21• 7Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves.
 8And the tale of the bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God.
 9Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labor therein; and let them not regard vain words.
 10And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not give you straw.
 11Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished.
 12So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw.
 13And the taskmasters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your daily tasks, as when there was straw.
 14And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day, as heretofore?
 15Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants?
 16There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but the fault is in thine own people.
 17But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and do sacrifice to the Lord.
 18Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks.
 19And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were in evil case, after it was said, Ye shall not minish ought from your bricks of your daily task.
 20And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came forth from Pharaoh:
 21And they said unto them, The Lord look upon you, and judge; because ye have made our savor to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to slay us. (Ex. 5:7‑21)
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Ex. 20:2• 2I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. (Ex. 20:2)
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Lev. 25:43,46,53• 43Thou shalt not rule over him with rigor; but shalt fear thy God.
 46And ye shall take them as an inheritance for your children after you, to inherit them for a possession; they shall be your bondmen for ever: but over your brethren the children of Israel, ye shall not rule one over another with rigor.
 53And as a yearly hired servant shall he be with him: and the other shall not rule with rigor over him in thy sight. (Lev. 25:43,46,53)
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Isa. 14:6• 6He who smote the people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth. (Isa. 14:6)
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Isa. 51:23• 23But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over. (Isa. 51:23)
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Isa. 52:5• 5Now therefore, what have I here, saith the Lord, that my people is taken away for nought? they that rule over them make them to howl, saith the Lord; and my name continually every day is blasphemed. (Isa. 52:5)
;
Isa. 58:6• 6Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? (Isa. 58:6)
;
Jer. 50:33‑34• 33Thus saith the Lord of hosts; The children of Israel and the children of Judah were oppressed together: and all that took them captives held them fast; they refused to let them go.
 34Their Redeemer is strong; the Lord of hosts is his name: he shall throughly plead their cause, that he may give rest to the land, and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon. (Jer. 50:33‑34)
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Mic. 3:3• 3Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron. (Mic. 3:3)

J. N. Darby Translation

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14
and they embittered their life with hard labour in clay and bricks, and in all manner of labour in the field: all their labour with which they made them serve was with harshness.