Wine.

• 3 min. read • grade level: 12

First mention of. Gen. 9:20, 21²⁰And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: ²¹And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. (Genesis 9:20‑21).

WAS MADE OF

The juice of the grape. Gen. 49:1¹And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. (Genesis 49:1).

The juice of the pomegranate. SoS. 8:2.

First mode of making, noticed. Gen. 40:11¹¹And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. (Genesis 40:11).

Generally made by treading the grapes in a press. Neh. 13:15¹⁵In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. (Nehemiah 13:15). Isa. 63:2, 3²Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winefat? ³I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment. (Isaiah 63:2‑3).

Refining of, alluded to. Isa. 25:6⁶And in this mountain shall the Lord of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined. (Isaiah 25:6). Improved by age. Luke 5:39³⁹No man also having drunk old wine straightway desireth new: for he saith, The old is better. (Luke 5:39).

PLACES CELEBRATED FOR

Canaan in general. Deut. 33:28²⁸Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew. (Deuteronomy 33:28).

Possessions of Judah. Gen. 49:8, 11, 12⁸Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee. (Genesis 49:8)
¹¹Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: ¹²His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk. (Genesis 49:11‑12).

Lebanon. Hos. 14:17.

Helbon. Ezek. 27:18¹⁸Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool. (Ezekiel 27:18).

Assyria. 2 Kin. 18:32. Isa. 36:17¹⁷Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards. (Isaiah 36:17).

Moab. Isa. 16:8-10⁸For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea. ⁹Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen. ¹⁰And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses; I have made their vintage shouting to cease. (Isaiah 16:8‑10). Jer. 48:32, 33³²O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage. ³³And joy and gladness is taken from the plentiful field, and from the land of Moab; and I have caused wine to fail from the winepresses: none shall tread with shouting; their shouting shall be no shouting. (Jeremiah 48:32‑33).

Many kinds of. Neh. 5:18¹⁸Now that which was prepared for me daily was one ox and six choice sheep; also fowls were prepared for me, and once in ten days store of all sorts of wine: yet for all this required not I the bread of the governor, because the bondage was heavy upon this people. (Nehemiah 5:18).

Sweet, esteemed for flavor and strength. Isa. 49:26²⁶And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine: and all flesh shall know that I the Lord am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. (Isaiah 49:26). Amos 9:13¹³Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt. (Amos 9:13). Mic. 6:15¹⁵Thou shalt sow, but thou shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; and sweet wine, but shalt not drink wine. (Micah 6:15).

Red, most esteemed. Prov. 23:31³¹Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his color in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. (Proverbs 23:31). Isa. 27:2²In that day sing ye unto her, A vineyard of red wine. (Isaiah 27:2).

Often spiced to increase its strength, &c. Prov. 9:2, 5²She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her wine; she hath also furnished her table. (Proverbs 9:2)
⁵Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled. (Proverbs 9:5). Prov. 23:30³⁰They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine. (Proverbs 23:30). SoS. 8:2.

WAS USED

As a beverage from the earliest age. Gen. 9:21²¹And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. (Genesis 9:21). Gen. 27:25²⁵And he said, Bring it near to me, and I will eat of my son's venison, that my soul may bless thee. And he brought it near to him, and he did eat: and he brought him wine, and he drank. (Genesis 27:25).

At all feasts and entertainments. Esther 1:7⁷And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the state of the king. (Esther 1:7). Esther 5:6⁶And the king said unto Esther at the banquet of wine, What is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: and what is thy request? even to the half of the kingdom it shall be performed. (Esther 5:6). Isa. 5:12¹²And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the Lord, neither consider the operation of his hands. (Isaiah 5:12). Dan. 5:1-4¹Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. ²Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. ³Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them. ⁴They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone. (Daniel 5:1‑4). John 2:3³And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine. (John 2:3).

For drink offerings in the worship of God. Ex. 29:40⁴⁰And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering. (Exodus 29:40). Num. 15:4-10⁴Then shall he that offereth his offering unto the Lord bring a meat offering of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of oil. ⁵And the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering shalt thou prepare with the burnt offering or sacrifice, for one lamb. ⁶Or for a ram, thou shalt prepare for a meat offering two tenth deals of flour mingled with the third part of an hin of oil. ⁷And for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of an hin of wine, for a sweet savor unto the Lord. ⁸And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt offering, or for a sacrifice in performing a vow, or peace offerings unto the Lord: ⁹Then shall he bring with a bullock a meat offering of three tenth deals of flour mingled with half an hin of oil. ¹⁰And thou shalt bring for a drink offering half an hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor unto the Lord. (Numbers 15:4‑10).

For drink offerings in idolatrous worship. Deut. 32:37, 38³⁷And he shall say, Where are their gods, their rock in whom they trusted, ³⁸Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. (Deuteronomy 32:37‑38).

As a medicine. Luke 10:34³⁴And went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. (Luke 10:34). 1 Tim. 5:23²³Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach's sake and thine often infirmities. (1 Timothy 5:23).

First fruits of, to be offered to God. Deut. 18:4⁴The firstfruit also of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the first of the fleece of thy sheep, shalt thou give him. (Deuteronomy 18:4). 2 Chr. 31:5⁵And as soon as the commandment came abroad, the children of Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of corn, wine, and oil, and honey, and of all the increase of the field; and the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly. (2 Chronicles 31:5).

With corn and oil, denoted all temporal blessings. Gen. 27:28, 37²⁸Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine: (Genesis 27:28)
³⁷And Isaac answered and said unto Esau, Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his brethren have I given to him for servants; and with corn and wine have I sustained him: and what shall I do now unto thee, my son? (Genesis 27:37). Psa. 4:7⁷Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased. (Psalm 4:7). Hos. 2:8⁸For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal. (Hosea 2:8). Joel 2:19¹⁹Yea, the Lord will answer and say unto his people, Behold, I will send you corn, and wine, and oil, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more make you a reproach among the heathen: (Joel 2:19).

Given in abundance to the Jews when obedient. Hos. 2:22²²And the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall hear Jezreel. (Hosea 2:22). Joel 2:19, 24¹⁹Yea, the Lord will answer and say unto his people, Behold, I will send you corn, and wine, and oil, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more make you a reproach among the heathen: (Joel 2:19)
²⁴And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the fats shall overflow with wine and oil. (Joel 2:24). Zech. 9:17¹⁷For how great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! corn shall make the young men cheerful, and new wine the maids. (Zechariah 9:17).

The Jews frequently deprived of, as a punishment. Isa. 24:7, 11⁷The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh. (Isaiah 24:7)
¹¹There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. (Isaiah 24:11). Hos. 2:9⁹Therefore will I return, and take away my corn in the time thereof, and my wine in the season thereof, and will recover my wool and my flax given to cover her nakedness. (Hosea 2:9). Joel 1:10¹⁰The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth. (Joel 1:10). Hag. 1:11¹¹And I called for a drought upon the land, and upon the mountains, and upon the corn, and upon the new wine, and upon the oil, and upon that which the ground bringeth forth, and upon men, and upon cattle, and upon all the labor of the hands. (Haggai 1:11). Hag. 2:16¹⁶Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. (Haggai 2:16).

The Jews frequently drank, to excess. Isa. 5:11¹¹Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them! (Isaiah 5:11). Joel 3:3³And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they might drink. (Joel 3:3). Amos 6:6⁶That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph. (Amos 6:6).

In times of scarcity, was mixed with water. Isa. 1:22²²Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water: (Isaiah 1:22).

Sometimes mixed with milk as a beverage. SoS. 5:1.

CHARACTERIZED AS

Cheering God and man. Judg. 9:13¹³And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees? (Judges 9:13). Zech. 9:17¹⁷For how great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! corn shall make the young men cheerful, and new wine the maids. (Zechariah 9:17).

Gladdening the heart. Psa. 104:15¹⁵And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart. (Psalm 104:15).

Strengthening. 2 Sam. 16:2²And the king said unto Ziba, What meanest thou by these? And Ziba said, The asses be for the king's household to ride on; and the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine, that such as be faint in the wilderness may drink. (2 Samuel 16:2). SoS. 2:5.

Making mirthful. Esther 1:10¹⁰On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, and Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, the seven chamberlains that served in the presence of Ahasuerus the king, (Esther 1:10). Ecc. 10:19.

Custom of presenting, to travelers. Gen. 14:18¹⁸And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. (Genesis 14:18). 1 Sam. 25:18¹⁸Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. (1 Samuel 25:18).

Custom of giving to persons in pain or suffering, mixed with drugs. Prov. 31:6⁶Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts. (Proverbs 31:6). Mar. 15:23.

Forbidden to the priests while engaged in the tabernacle. Lev. 10:9⁹Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations: (Leviticus 10:9).

Forbidden to Nazarites during their separation. Num. 6:3³He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. (Numbers 6:3).

The Rechabites never drank. Jer. 35:5, 6⁵And I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pots full of wine, and cups, and I said unto them, Drink ye wine. ⁶But they said, We will drink no wine: for Jonadab the son of Rechab our father commanded us, saying, Ye shall drink no wine, neither ye, nor your sons for ever: (Jeremiah 35:5‑6).

IN EXCESS

Forbidden. Eph. 5:18¹⁸And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit; (Ephesians 5:18).

Infuriates the temper. Prov. 20:1¹Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. (Proverbs 20:1).

Impairs the health. 1 Sam. 25:37³⁷But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone. (1 Samuel 25:37). Hos. 4:11¹¹Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart. (Hosea 4:11).

Impairs the judgment and memory. Prov. 31:4, 5⁴It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: ⁵Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted. (Proverbs 31:4‑5). Isa. 28:7⁷But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. (Isaiah 28:7).

Inflames the passions. Isa. 5:11¹¹Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them! (Isaiah 5:11).

Leads to sorrow and contention. Prov. 23:29, 30²⁹Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? ³⁰They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine. (Proverbs 23:29‑30).

Leads to remorse. Pro. 29:32.

An article of extensive commerce. Ezek. 27:18¹⁸Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool. (Ezekiel 27:18).

Was stored in cellars. 1 Chron. 27:27²⁷And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite: (1 Chronicles 27:27).

Was kept in bottles. 1 Sam. 25:18¹⁸Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. (1 Samuel 25:18). Hab. 2:15¹⁵Woe unto him that giveth his neighbor drink, that puttest thy bottle to him, and makest him drunken also, that thou mayest look on their nakedness! (Habakkuk 2:15).

Consequence of putting (when new), into old bottles. Mar. 2:22.

The love of Christ to be preferred to. SoS. 1:2, 4.

Water miraculously turned into. John 2:9⁹When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, (John 2:9).

ILLUSTRATIVE

Of the blood of Christ. Matt. 26:27-29²⁷And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; ²⁸For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. ²⁹But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom. (Matthew 26:27‑29).

Of the blessings of the gospel. Prov. 9:2, 5²She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her wine; she hath also furnished her table. (Proverbs 9:2)
⁵Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled. (Proverbs 9:5). Isa. 25:6⁶And in this mountain shall the Lord of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined. (Isaiah 25:6). Isa. 55:1¹Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. (Isaiah 55:1).

Of the wrath and judgments of God. Psa. 60:3³Thou hast showed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment. (Psalm 60:3). Psa. 75:8⁸For in the hand of the Lord there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them. (Psalm 75:8). Jer. 13:12-14¹²Therefore thou shalt speak unto them this word; Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Every bottle shall be filled with wine: and they shall say unto thee, Do we not certainly know that every bottle shall be filled with wine? ¹³Then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I will fill all the inhabitants of this land, even the kings that sit upon David's throne, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness. ¹⁴And I will dash them one against another, even the fathers and the sons together, saith the Lord: I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy, but destroy them. (Jeremiah 13:12‑14). Jer. 25:15-18¹⁵For thus saith the Lord God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it. ¹⁶And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them. ¹⁷Then took I the cup at the Lord's hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the Lord had sent me: ¹⁸To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day; (Jeremiah 25:15‑18).

Of the abominations of the apostacy. Rev. 17:2²With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication. (Revelation 17:2). Rev. 18:3³For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies. (Revelation 18:3).

Of violence and rapine. Prov. 4:17¹⁷For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence. (Proverbs 4:17).

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The New Topical Textbook

• Wicked, the, Are Compared to.

• Widows.

• Wind, the.

• Wine.

• Winter.

• Wisdom of God, the.

• Witness of the Holy Ghost.