Number Seven

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Perfection is universally allowed to be the general character of this numeral. As noticed under number four, it is somewhat contrasted with that number by its heavenly connection at times, and at others by its mystical or spiritual associations, four being more often earthly and manifest.
The 7 days of the week, as marked out by God, became a keynote for many a series, where one intended to express a completeness of action in a refined way. Thus:
Jacob served 7 years for Rachel and for Leah (Gen. 29:30). A 7 days fast was held over Saul (1 Sam. 31:1313And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days. (1 Samuel 31:13)).
The Book of the Revelation abounds in 7's: 7 churches, 7 spirits, 7 candlesticks, 7 stars, 7 lamps of fire, 7 angels, 7 letters, 7 seals, 7 horns, 7 eyes, 7 trumpets, 7 thunders, 7 hands, 7 crowns, 7 plagues, 7 vials, 7 mountains, 7 kings, and (in Ch. 11:13) 7000 are slain.
The feast of unleavened bread was for 7 days (Lev. 23:66And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the Lord: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread. (Leviticus 23:6)). And this is of marked significance for us, as it is referred to in 1 Cor. 5:7,8. The old feast was a result of the Paschal feast, which preceded it, and fixed its time. So in 1 Cor., because Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us, therefore let us keep the 7 days feast of the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. Too often this scripture is thought of as meaning, therefore let us keep our Paschal feast. But the 7 days of unleavened bread figures (in the power of what 7 is) the perfection of times so that our feast keeping (if we truly answer to the precept "let us keep &c.") will extend over all our life.
There is another use of this number 7 in a similar way which is remarkable and interesting. We read in a parenthesis in Num. 13:2222And they ascended by the south, and came unto Hebron; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) (Numbers 13:22), "Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt." Egypt represents, as the "house of bondage" under Pharaoh, the world under the rule and yoke of Satan its god. Zoan was that place in Egypt where the wise men assembled, see Isa. 19:1111Surely the princes of Zoan are fools, the counsel of the wise counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish: how say ye unto Pharaoh, I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings? (Isaiah 19:11) and 13. It was also the place where the special power of God's miracles was displayed (Psa. 78:12,4312Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan. (Psalm 78:12)
43How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan: (Psalm 78:43)
), though His "wonders" in that field only brought out the real folly of man's wisdom and Pharaoh's own councilors became "brutish." But Hebron was the place in Canaan, where in its valley grew the finest grapes in God's record (a valley thence called Eshcol), while in its city on the hill the three sons of Anak (Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmai) dwelt. The fruits of the land of promise illustrate for us, heavenly blessings stored up for us in Christ there, but for faith on earth. Hebron is the place, therefore, where in figure faith finds now the richest joys God has for us in Christ. But "Hebron was built," i.e. set up, "seven years," i.e. the perfection of time, "before Zoan in Egypt." That is to say, the sphere of richest heavenly delights for faith (having crossed Jordan as well as the Red Sea) was established by God the perfection of time before the collective wisdom of this world got for itself a place of resort and dwelling.
It was even long (7 years) before the earth was, that God ordained provisions of wisdom for our glory. And if the reader will go carefully from Gen. 1:11In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (Genesis 1:1) to Rev. 22:2121The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. (Revelation 22:21) and collect all the statements touching "or ever the earth was," he will find a wonderful group of truths (a richest bunch of grapes) which will be living and eternal delight for faith now and on and on, forever. As to their bearing on anything on earth, it will be found that they exclusively relate to the church of God, things that "eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man... But God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit." The following passages will summarize the truths referred to: Psa. 90:22Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. (Psalm 90:2), Prov. 8:22-3122The Lord possessed me in the beginning of his way, before his works of old. 23I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was. 24When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water. 25Before the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought forth: 26While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the highest part of the dust of the world. 27When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass upon the face of the depth: 28When he established the clouds above: when he strengthened the fountains of the deep: 29When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations of the earth: 30Then I was by him, as one brought up with him: and I was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him; 31Rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth; and my delights were with the sons of men. (Proverbs 8:22‑31), Mic. 5:22But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting. (Micah 5:2), John 17:5,245And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was. (John 17:5)
24Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world. (John 17:24)
, Psa. 103:1717But the mercy of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him, and his righteousness unto children's children; (Psalm 103:17), 1 Peter 1:19-2019But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot: 20Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, (1 Peter 1:19‑20), Eph. 1:44According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love: (Ephesians 1:4), 2 Tim. 1:99Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began, (2 Timothy 1:9), Titus 1:22In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began; (Titus 1:2), 1 Cor. 2:77But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, even the hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the world unto our glory: (1 Corinthians 2:7), Eph. 3:1111According to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord: (Ephesians 3:11). No other truth from the past of eternity has been disclosed to us, though other passages may be found referring to the same truths. And they are 7 years before Zoan.
There were 7 lamps to the candlestick, the perfection of light (truth) communicated in the power of the Holy Spirit (the oil burning).
Blood was sprinkled 7 times before the mercy seat on the great day of atonement (Lev. 16:1414And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times. (Leviticus 16:14)). It had already been sprinkled once upon the mercy seat; that is to say, as towards God, one sprinkling was enough; a real memorial of the life laid down in sacrificial death was put upon the gold mercy seat, and as figure of the shed blood of the Lord Jesus Christ, it made propitiation. God received it there, justice was satisfied, the claims of the throne were fully honored; and then the very next act is the 7 fold sprinkling before the mercy seat. This was towards man. It was seen actually only by the high priest, but in his person the whole nation was represented. And when once the blood was rendered to God, immediately it was to be recorded for man's relief. and conscious blessing too. But now for this, the sprinkling is 7 fold, a perfect testimony to him. No room was to be left in the detail of such a rite for him to allow a doubt or fear, or hesitation as to the reality and efficacy of what was done. Sevenfold sprinkling! Can this leave any simple soul unsatisfied?
Reader, it is a Divine picture. As it casts a Divine light on the reality in Christ, are you satisfied? God is. Christ did it. The Holy Ghost is witness. "We have redemption through his [Christ's] blood." Have you?
This kind of 7 fold sprinkling is observed also in other connections with the same idea underlying it. In Num. 19:44And Eleazar the priest shall take of her blood with his finger, and sprinkle of her blood directly before the tabernacle of the congregation seven times: (Numbers 19:4), the blood of the red heifer, though killed outside the camp, was to be sprinkled 7 times "directly before the tabernacle of the congregation" in the meeting place, that is, between God and man. In Lev. 14:77And he shall sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, and shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the living bird loose into the open field. (Leviticus 14:7), the leper to be cleansed was sprinkled with the blood of the killed bird 7 times. And the leprous house must be sprinkled 7 times for cleansing (Lev. 14:5151And he shall take the cedar wood, and the hyssop, and the scarlet, and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird, and in the running water, and sprinkle the house seven times: (Leviticus 14:51)). And again in v. 16, the oil is to be sprinkled 7 times before Jehovah.
There would appear also to be a 7 fold application of blood in another way on the day of atonement; for while Lev. 16 gives special details, yet the laws of the respective sacrifices would still hold good, although the particulars are not repeated in every reference. Thus the 4th of Lev. supplies what the 16th does not stay to repeat. So that on the Day of Atonement, there was:
Accordingly, in the nation's history we find 7 fold sacrifice prominent: 2 Chron. 13:99Have ye not cast out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself with a young bullock and seven rams, the same may be a priest of them that are no gods. (2 Chronicles 13:9) is a marked instance of it, as it refers to a custom which had arisen, founded on God's appointments, of consecrating priests "of them that are no gods." A single ram was Aaron's consecration offering, beside the other offerings, but when man abuses God's instructions and principles, he in the energy of his will often intensifies those outward expressions which are right in themselves and orderly. So here, to make an idol priest, man requires "seven rams," the perfection of consecration. But "to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams." The evil purpose can be in no way compensated by any abundance of sacrifices.
2 Chron. 29:2121And they brought seven bullocks, and seven rams, and seven lambs, and seven he goats, for a sin offering for the kingdom, and for the sanctuary, and for Judah. And he commanded the priests the sons of Aaron to offer them on the altar of the Lord. (2 Chronicles 29:21) shows Hezekiah offering under special circumstances "seven bullocks, and seven rams, and seven lambs and seven he goats." The 3 first 7's were burnt offerings and the 7 he goats a sin offering.
When David brought up the ark from the house of Obed-edom (1 Chron. 15:2626And it came to pass, when God helped the Levites that bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord, that they offered seven bullocks and seven rams. (1 Chronicles 15:26)) and "God helped the Levites," they offered 7 bullocks and 7 rams.
Perfection of action, in a general way, will often be seen in the use of 7. Thus, 7 priests with 7 trumpets went round Jericho for 7 days, and 7 times on the 7th day. (Note: these should be "trumpets of Jubilee." In v. 5, the word "horn" is used, but it is "Jubilee horn," and the "ram" is not mentioned in the chapter. Does this Jubilee trumpet, so used, express the power of faith that fully anticipated victory? Heb. tells us specially "by faith the walls of Jericho fell down" etc.)
David says, "Seven times a day do I praise thee because of thy righteous judgments" (Psa. 119:164164Seven times a day do I praise thee because of thy righteous judgments. (Psalm 119:164)).
It took 7 days to cleanse a leper or him that had an issue (Lev. 14). And one defiled by the dead must abide unclean 7 days (Num. 19:1111He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days. (Numbers 19:11)). Miriam was shut out of the camp 7 days (Num. 12:1515And Miriam was shut out from the camp seven days: and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again. (Numbers 12:15)).
It is already noticed that the fruits of Canaan or its food rather is 7 fold, i.e. perfect (Deut. 8:88A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; (Deuteronomy 8:8)) in contrast with the 6 fold (imperfect) food of Egypt).
What is the significance of "upon one stone shall be 7 eyes" (Zech. 3:99For behold the stone that I have laid before Joshua; upon one stone shall be seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving thereof, saith the Lord of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day. (Zechariah 3:9))? Do the "eyes" in any way connect themselves with the "Urim" or lights in the breastplate? and, if so, is the number of them (7) also connected with the "Thummim" or perfections?
Why was Solomon 7 years building the Temple (1 Kings 6:3838And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, which is the eighth month, was the house finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it. So was he seven years in building it. (1 Kings 6:38)), specially as 6 is the unit of its measure, as we have before seen? Does the time taken carry any reference to the character of its workmanship and execution?
In the Hebrew of the Old Testament, there are 7 distinct names of God:
1. Elohim. This is usually printed (in A. V.) with a capital G only, and rendered "God." It seems to be
in chief the creator Name. It is in a plural form, the singular of which is Eloah, and this is
occasionally used also and rendered and printed the same. It seems in some places to mark the One
God, as distinguished from idols, or from many. In 6 passages only, it is used of some single idol
god, while Elohim is so used frequently. In the Chaldee portions of the text, the corresponding form
"Elah" is used, rendered and printed "God." Elohim is used of the true God 2349 times, Eloah 51
times, and Elah 77 times.
2. El. This name, rendered "God" also, is usually printed in the same way, and is therefore not to be
distinguished in our version. It is the Name of power and victory; and it is used of the true God 220
times.
3. Jah. Usually printed "LORD" in capitals, this is the name of grandeur and majesty. It occurs in the
Psa. 43 times and 6 elsewhere, viz. twice in Exodus (15:2 and 17:16) and four times in Isaiah.
4. Jehovah. Usually rendered LORD and printed in capitals. But in the term "Lord GOD" where
"GOD" is in capitals, it stands for Jehovah or the form Jehovah, "Lord" there being another Name
Adonai see below. Jehovah is the name of relationship and is specially so to the nation of Israel (Ex.
6:3).
"Jah is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation:
He is my El, and I will prepare him a habitation;
My father's Elohim, and I will exalt Him.
Jehovah is a man of war: Jehovah is his name."
Jehovah occurs 6523 times, and the form Jehovah occurs 304 times.
5. Adon, Adonim, Adonai, usually rendered Lord and printed with capital "L" only, is the tender and
compassionate name of God. Adon occurs but 16 times, and Adonim 12, Adonai 434 times. Psa.
130:2,3 will show its use:
"Adonai, hear my voice... If thou, Jah shouldest mark iniquities, O Adonai, who shall stand?"
The other Names in this Psa. are all Jehovah.
6. Shaddai or "Almighty," and always rendered so in A. V. As no other word is so rendered, it is readily
recognized without mistake. It occurs 48 times of which 31 are in Job.
7. Gnelion, or "Most High," usually so rendered. There is the Chaldee form Gnillai, and in Hosea twice
a special form "Gnal." Altogether it is used 43 times. It will be found connected with the millennial
ways of God.
Seven things are said to make atonement:
Many 7's specially divide into 3 and 4. Thus, there are in scripture 7 instances of sealing, 4 of which are bad and 3 are good.
The 7 parables of the kingdom of heaven are so divided in Matt. 13. The 7 letters to the churches also in Rev. The 7 trees in Isa. 41:1919I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and the pine, and the box tree together: (Isaiah 41:19). (What is the difference here between the "wilderness" and the "desert"?) Seven of Jesse's sons passed before Samuel: 3 are named and 4 are not (1 Sam. 16). The cleansing of the defiled (Num. 19:1212He shall purify himself with it on the third day, and on the seventh day he shall be clean: but if he purify not himself the third day, then the seventh day he shall not be clean. (Numbers 19:12)) takes 7 days, with sprinkling on the third as well as seventh day.
The 7 miracles given only by John are 4 of them on individuals the nobleman's son (4:47), the man at Bethesda (5:5), the blind man (9:1) and Lazarus (11). The other 3 are water into wine (2:1), officers &c. felled to the ground (18:6) and the draft of fishes (21:6).
The 7 who were killed by stoning were 3 criminals and 4 faithful men:
(Notice in this connection that Paul was stoned, but such a resurrection man could not be killed by the penalty of the law see Acts 14:1919And there came thither certain Jews from Antioch and Iconium, who persuaded the people, and, having stoned Paul, drew him out of the city, supposing he had been dead. (Acts 14:19).)
There are 7 particular oak trees spoken of (three are places of burial):
Seven particular vows are given in detail in the Old Testament:
God is said to "dwell between the cherubims" 7 times: in 1 Sam. 4:44So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts, which dwelleth between the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God. (1 Samuel 4:4), 2 Sam. 6:22And David arose, and went with all the people that were with him from Baale of Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose name is called by the name of the Lord of hosts that dwelleth between the cherubims. (2 Samuel 6:2), 2 Kings 19:1515And Hezekiah prayed before the Lord, and said, O Lord God of Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth. (2 Kings 19:15), 1 Chron. 13:66And David went up, and all Israel, to Baalah, that is, to Kirjath-jearim, which belonged to Judah, to bring up thence the ark of God the Lord, that dwelleth between the cherubims, whose name is called on it. (1 Chronicles 13:6), Psa. 80:11<<To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim-eduth, A Psalm of Asaph.>> Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, thou that leadest Joseph like a flock; thou that dwellest between the cherubims, shine forth. (Psalm 80:1), Psa. 99:11The Lord reigneth; let the people tremble: he sitteth between the cherubims; let the earth be moved. (Psalm 99:1) (here the word "sitteth" should be "dwelleth," it is the same word in the Heb.), and Isa. 37:1616O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast made heaven and earth. (Isaiah 37:16).
Seven "keys" are mentioned in the Bible:
Elijah is called "man of God" 7 times (1 Kings 17:18, 2418And she said unto Elijah, What have I to do with thee, O thou man of God? art thou come unto me to call my sin to remembrance, and to slay my son? (1 Kings 17:18)
24And the woman said to Elijah, Now by this I know that thou art a man of God, and that the word of the Lord in thy mouth is truth. (1 Kings 17:24)
, 2 Kings 1:9, 10, 11, 12, 139Then the king sent unto him a captain of fifty with his fifty. And he went up to him: and, behold, he sat on the top of an hill. And he spake unto him, Thou man of God, the king hath said, Come down. 10And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, If I be a man of God, then let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And there came down fire from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. 11Again also he sent unto him another captain of fifty with his fifty. And he answered and said unto him, O man of God, thus hath the king said, Come down quickly. 12And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. 13And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees before Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be precious in thy sight. (2 Kings 1:9‑13)). Seven in the Old Testament are called "man of God" whose names are mentioned:
Elijah (7 times)
There were 7 judgments sent from God, upon the congregation in the wilderness:
There were also 7 personal judgments from God in the wilderness: on Nadab and Abihu (Lev. 10:22And there went out fire from the Lord, and devoured them, and they died before the Lord. (Leviticus 10:2)), the blasphemer (Lev. 24:1111And the Israelitish woman's son blasphemed the name of the Lord, and cursed. And they brought him unto Moses: (and his mother's name was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan:) (Leviticus 24:11)), Miriam (Num. 12:1010And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous. (Numbers 12:10)), the 10 spies (Num. 14:3737Even those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land, died by the plague before the Lord. (Numbers 14:37)), Sabbath breaker (Num. 15:3636And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he died; as the Lord commanded Moses. (Numbers 15:36)), Korah and his company (Num. 16:32, 3532And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods. (Numbers 16:32)
35And there came out a fire from the Lord, and consumed the two hundred and fifty men that offered incense. (Numbers 16:35)
), and Zimri and Cozbi (Num. 25:1414Now the name of the Israelite that was slain, even that was slain with the Midianitish woman, was Zimri, the son of Salu, a prince of a chief house among the Simeonites. (Numbers 25:14)).
In Hebrews will be found 7 everlasting features: "a priest forever" (5:6), "eternal salvation" (5:9), "eternal Spirit" (9:14), "eternal judgment" (6:2), "eternal inheritance" (9:15), "eternal redemption" (9:12), and "everlasting covenant" (13:20).
On looking at the number of times 7 is used in the Hebrew of the Old Testament (and Chaldee) it will be found that the uses are as follows. In the simple form as 7 under 3 Hebrew and 1 Chaldee term 287 times, the fractional form 7th occurs 98 times, and the form "sevenfold" occurs 7 times. Now 287 divides by 7 = 41. And 98 also divides by 7 = 14. And these 3 added together make 392, which is the cube and square of 7 added together. Again, 7 in combination with other numerals (as 117 or 57) occurs 112 times, or 16x7. Seventy simply occurs 56 times = 8x7. Seventy in combination occurs 35 times, or 5x7. This feature will not be found in connection with any other of the numerals under 12.