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Romans 9

Rom. 9:18 KJV (With Strong’s)

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18
Therefore
ara (Greek #686)
a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)
KJV usage: haply, (what) manner (of man), no doubt, perhaps, so be, then, therefore, truly, wherefore. Often used in connection with other particles, especially 1065 or 3767 (after) or 1487 (before). Compare also 687.
Pronounce: ar'-ah
Origin: probably from 142 (through the idea of drawing a conclusion)
oun (Greek #3767)
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
KJV usage: and (so, truly), but, now (then), so (likewise then), then, therefore, verily, wherefore.
Pronounce: oon
Origin: apparently a primary word
hath he mercy on
eleeo (Greek #1653)
to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)
KJV usage: have compassion (pity on), have (obtain, receive, shew) mercy (on).
Pronounce: el-eh-eh'-o
Origin: from 1656
whom
hos (Greek #3739)
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
KJV usage: one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See also 3757.
Pronounce: hos
Origin: ἥ (hay), and neuter ὅ (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588)
he will
thelo (Greek #2309)
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
KJV usage: desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Pronounce: thel'-o
Origin: or ἐθέλω (eth-el'-o), in certain tenses θελέω (thel-eh'-o), and ἐθελέω (eth-el-eh'-o), which are otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138
have mercy, and
de (Greek #1161)
but, and, etc.
KJV usage: also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
Pronounce: deh
Origin: a primary particle (adversative or continuative)
whom
hos (Greek #3739)
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
KJV usage: one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See also 3757.
Pronounce: hos
Origin: ἥ (hay), and neuter ὅ (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588)
he will
thelo (Greek #2309)
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
KJV usage: desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Pronounce: thel'-o
Origin: or ἐθέλω (eth-el'-o), in certain tenses θελέω (thel-eh'-o), and ἐθελέω (eth-el-eh'-o), which are otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138
he hardeneth
skleruno (Greek #4645)
to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn
KJV usage: harden.
Pronounce: sklay-roo'-no
Origin: from 4642
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More on:

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Mercy

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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hath.
Rom. 9:15‑16• 15For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.
 16So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy. (Rom. 9:15‑16)
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Rom. 5:20‑21• 20Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound:
 21That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord. (Rom. 5:20‑21)
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Eph. 1:6• 6To the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he hath made us accepted in the beloved. (Eph. 1:6)
will he.
Rom. 1:24‑28• 24Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonor their own bodies between themselves:
 25Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.
 26For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature:
 27And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet.
 28And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; (Rom. 1:24‑28)
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Rom. 11:7‑8• 7What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded
 8(According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) unto this day. (Rom. 11:7‑8)
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Ex. 4:21• 21And the Lord said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. (Ex. 4:21)
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Ex. 7:13• 13And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said. (Ex. 7:13)
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Deut. 2:30• 30But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the Lord thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day. (Deut. 2:30)
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Josh. 11:20• 20For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might have no favor, but that he might destroy them, as the Lord commanded Moses. (Josh. 11:20)
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Isa. 63:17• 17O Lord, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. (Isa. 63:17)
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Matt. 13:14‑15• 14And in them is fulfilled the prophecy of Esaias, which saith, By hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and shall not perceive:
 15For this people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them. (Matt. 13:14‑15)
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Acts 28:26‑28• 26Saying, Go unto this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and not perceive:
 27For the heart of this people is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes have they closed; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
 28Be it known therefore unto you, that the salvation of God is sent unto the Gentiles, and that they will hear it. (Acts 28:26‑28)
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2 Thess. 2:10‑12• 10And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.
 11And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:
 12That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness. (2 Thess. 2:10‑12)
• God can and does exercise judgment on the wicked, and He is just in doing so, but He might choose to show mercy on some; it is His prerogative. (“The Sovereignty of God Israel's Past Election: Romans 9” by B. Anstey)

J. N. Darby Translation

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18
So then, to whom he will he shews mercy, and whom he will he hardens.

W. Kelly Translation

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18
So then on whom he willeth he hath mercy and whom he willeth he hardeneth.