1.-the Volume of the Book. Exodus 21:5,65And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: 6Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever. (Exodus 21:5‑6); and Psalm 40:6-86Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. 7Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me, 8I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart. (Psalm 40:6‑8).
"If the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: then his Master shall bring him unto the Judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door-post; and his Master shall bore his ear through with an awl; and he shall serve him forever" (Ex. 21:5,6). In this passage, we see, in the case of the Hebrew servant whose ear was bored through with an awl in token of his engagement to serve his Master forever, the principle of willing loving obedience; and this is commonly, and rightly, I believe, thought to explain the following word of Christ in. Psa. 40, " Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened, or digged (see margin): burnt offering and sin-offering hast thou not required. Then said I, Lo, I come, in the volume of the book it is written of me, I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, Thy law is within my heart."-The truth is, our blessed Lord him-self was tile antitype of the Hebrew servant of Ex. 21, devoted as he was to God's service, the one who offered Himself as a victim, to die on the cross for the redemption of sinners. This, then, being the case, may we not gather from hence, what "volume" it is of which the Psalmist here speaks? To my mind it is a simpler idea than is commonly thought. " THE VOLUME OF THE BOOK," wherein these things are written of Christ believe to be, not the volume of the eternal counsels of God, as some have supposed, but THE BOOK OF THE LAW, bearing reference, as it typically does in this Ex. 21, to our blessed Lord, as the only Hebrew servant who ever did, or ever could, without imperfection or failure, do the will of his Master, within whose heart the law of God was, whose love to His God and Father was such, as to lead Him to give Himself up, without any reserve, to serve Him forever.
2.-Wrath and Doubting.
" I will therefore that men (or the men) pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting" (1 Tim. 2:88I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting. (1 Timothy 2:8)). The Apostle Paul, in writing to Timothy, begins the Epistle whence this passage is quoted, with grace. Contending with those who were upholding the law, he speaks of himself, blasphemer and persecutes as he had been, as a signal example of this-of the Grace of God to poor sinners, without any distinction as to nation or name (1 Tim. 1:3-183As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other doctrine, 4Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which minister questions, rather than godly edifying which is in faith: so do. 5Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned: 6From which some having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling; 7Desiring to be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm. 8But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully; 9Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, 10For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; 11According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust. 12And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry; 13Who was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious: but I obtained mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief. 14And the grace of our Lord was exceeding abundant with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. 15This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief. 16Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might show forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting. 17Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honor and glory for ever and ever. Amen. 18This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare; (1 Timothy 1:3‑18)). Next, he exhorts, because of this outflow of love to the world, that supplications, prayers, and intercessions, giving of thanks, should henceforth be made for all, and no longer confined, as in the times of the law, to the Holy Land and the Temple. "Everywhere" prayer was to be made (1 Tim. 2:1-81I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; 2For kings, and for all that are in authority; that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 3For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; 4Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth. 5For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; 6Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time. 7Whereunto I am ordained a preacher, and an apostle, (I speak the truth in Christ, and lie not;) a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and verity. 8I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting. (1 Timothy 2:1‑8)). Thus we have the clue to the closing words of the above passage, "without wrath and doubting; here the Apostle evidently glances at two distinct states of mind, which, in the case of disciples born under the law, and still cleaving thereto, would, in a measure, hinder their sympathy with such a precept as this; "WITHOUT WRATH"-here he hints at the natural opposition of the Jewish mind to the thought of God, showing grace to the Gentiles, as seen in 1 Thess. 2:1616Forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they might be saved, to fill up their sins alway: for the wrath is come upon them to the uttermost. (1 Thessalonians 2:16), " Forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles, that they might be saved." "AND DOUBTING"-Observe how in Acts 10, we have an example of this, I mean of one born a Jew, even Peter, not exactly opposing, but doubting, in the case of Cornelius, the goodness of God in converting the Gentiles, and then, mark, on the other hand, how the Lord meets, and sets aside, his misgivings, on the occasion of Cornelius send- ing for him to teach him the truth, " The Spirit said unto him, Behold three men seek thee. Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing." (Acts 10.19,20).
3.- the Paschal Evening Anticipated.
The Passover, according to the Levitical law, was kept by the Jews on the fourteenth day of the first month, at even. It is evident, however, that Christ, in the especial year that he suffered, anticipated the day of this feast; that He and His disciples kept it together the evening before, at the close of the thirteenth day. If it be asked, How He came to do this, and whether, in thus altering the time, He was not breaking the law, which even He, as a Son of Abraham, was bound to obey; we answer, that He was also the Jehovah of Israel, and therefore that He had full title to set aside the law as He pleased. In this case, however, while He seemed to be transgressing, He was in reality keeping, it, that is anti-typically doing so, inasmuch as He Himself was the true Paschal Lamb, so that by this arrangement on His part as to the feast, He was offered up on the fourteenth day, the day appointed by Moses. Thus the type and the antitype met, so that, while the nation, lost and degraded, as they were, were merely observing a powerless ordinance, the faithful among them (though not as yet realizing it themselves, it is true), were spiritually feeding on Him who had already died for their sins, and who was at that solemn moment of darkness in Israel, lying dead in the sepulcher.
And now, in proof that the day was thus changed, I cite the following passage. " Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas, unto the hall of judgment; and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover" (John 18:2828Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover. (John 18:28)). Then again we read, "And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour, and He saith unto the Jews, Behold your King" (John 19:1414And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King! (John 19:14)). Now, here the passover is spoken of as not eaten as yet by the Jews, but as that for which they were making preparation, whereas, as we know, Christ had eaten it already, even before his betrayal. This then explains the following passage, " Now before the feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that His hour was come, that He should depart out of this world unto the Father; having loved his own which were in the world, He loved them unto the end. And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him; Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that He was come from God, and went to God; he riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments, and girded himself, etc." (John 13:1-41Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end. 2And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him; 3Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God; 4He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. (John 13:1‑4)). Here, observe, that it was after the Paschal supper eaten by Himself and the twelve, but at the same time before the feast kept by the Jews, that He rose from the table in order to serve His disciples. Thus we see how a comparison between the three above passages, namely, John 13:1-4; 18:28; 19:141Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end. 2And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him; 3Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God; 4He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. (John 13:1‑4)
28Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover. (John 18:28)
14And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King! (John 19:14); clearly establishes the fact, that Christ acted in this case in the sovereignty of His own power, in thus changing the day with a view to the fulfillment of the eternal counsels of God as to the time of His death.
4.-the Greater Sin.
" Then saith Pilate, unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? Knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee? Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin" (John 19:10,1110Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee? 11Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin. (John 19:10‑11)). "The greater sin," here referred to, of which Israel was guilty, in delivering Jesus to Pilate, was that of making use of the power of the Gentiles, in carrying out them designs against the Lord's life. Had they, as they ought to have done, received him as their Messiah, their King, then Caesar, and Pilate, his representative in Judea, would have been deprived of that power which at the time of the Babylonish Captivity, had been given front above to the Gentiles; and Israel, as the people of God, would have recovered their proper place in the earth. But instead of this, they enlisted the power of Caesar against Him. Hence the authority was still left in the hands of the Gentiles, to be used at this critical juncture in fulfilling God's purpose as to the crucifixion of Christ, so that Pilate, however presumptuously, [yet, in a certain sense,] could with truth say to Jesus, " Knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee." In all this, we see how this unhappy people were sunk in iniquity. They hated the Just one, they plotted His death, and, more than this, they delivered Him up to the Gentiles, the enemies of God, the oppressors of Israel, those from whose yoke the Lord came to save them. Had it been otherwise, Pilate could have had no power against him; but as it was, that which had been originally given from above to the Gentiles was now to be used on the side of the enemy. In all this, then, we see a fearful aggravation of Israel's guilt, " the greater sin," of which they were guilty-greater than if they had themselves, without the aid of the Gentiles, put him to death. Of this it is that Jesus accuses the nation, or rather, Caiaphas, the High Priest, their adviser and leader in the act of rejecting the Lord, and casting Him into the hands of His murderers.
5.-Love Taking Thought For The Weak.
" Pray ye that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the sabbath day" (Matt. 24:2020But pray ye that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the sabbath day: (Matthew 24:20)). As to this, passage, observe, that to take flight in the winter would be trying to the body, while to fly on the sabbath day, being a breach of the Levitical law, would bring guilt and distress on the consciences of those whom the Lord had in view in this chapter, namely the Jewish remnant during the great tribulation under the beast (Rev. 13). How considerate, therefore, in Him, how did it show His love, the deep and tender sympathy of His heart, at such a distance of time, to take thought in this twofold way for His suffering people, to counsel them, in such explicit terms, to pray that their persons, and at the same time their consciences, in those days of amazement and terror, might be sheltered from evil! How sweet, how encouraging may this be to us! Let the heart that quails at the prospect of suffering, let the sensitive conscience; take comfort. Here the Lord allows us to pray that that which we feel ourselves ill able to meet, because of weak faith, may be averted. True, we, as members of Christ; and as indwelt by the Spirit of God, have, in reality, power to rise above suffering of every kind. Still, in a passage like this, we see the condescension of love to the weak, the Lord's tender considerate care for the timid tempted. disciple.