Words and Expressions Explained

From: Bible Handbook: Old Testament By: Walter Biggar Scott

• 22 min. read • grade level: 10

Abib, Ex. 13:4⁴This day came ye out in the month Abib. (Exodus 13:4).-The Jewish year, like our own, was one of twelve months (1 Chron. 27), only about half of which, however, are named in the Old Testament; they are generally spoken of as the first, second, third month, etc. Abib was the seventh month of the civil year; but, consequent, upon the people's redemption from Egypt, it appropriately became the first month of the ecclesiastical year (Ex. 12:2²This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. (Exodus 12:2)). It was called "Nisan" after the captivity from Babylon (Neb. 2:1). Abib corresponds to our month April.

Abjects, Psa. 35:15¹⁵But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: yea, the abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew it not; they did tear me, and ceased not: (Psalm 35:15).- This word signifies slanderers: occurs but once in the Old Testament.

Acre, 1 Sam. 14:14¹⁴And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armorbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow. (1 Samuel 14:14).- Signifies as much as a yoke of oxen can plow in a day, hence not a term of exact land measurement.

Adar, Esther 3:7⁷In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar. (Esther 3:7).- The sixth Jewish month, and twelfth of their ecclesiastical; only named in the post-captivity books. Adar corresponds partly to our months of February and March.

Advisement, 1 Chron. 12:19¹⁹And there fell some of Manasseh to David, when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battle: but they helped them not: for the lords of the Philistines upon advisement sent him away, saying, He will fall to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads. (1 Chronicles 12:19).- Means full and careful consideration.

Affinity, 1 Kings 3:1¹And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and the wall of Jerusalem round about. (1 Kings 3:1).-Relationship through marriage.

Age, Job 8:8⁸For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers: (Job 8:8).-Generation. In Isa. 38:12¹²Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd's tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with pining sickness: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. (Isaiah 38:12), it should be dwelling or habitation. Generally used to express the duration of a man's life, or a period of time.

Aha! Psa. 70:3³Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame that say, Aha, aha. (Psalm 70:3).-The language of insolent contempt and triumph.

All-to, Judg. 9:53⁵³And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull. (Judges 9:53).-Meaning completely or thoroughly.

Amen, Deut. 27¹⁶Cursed be he that setteth light by his father or his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen. (Deuteronomy 27:16)-The Hebrew form for "truly" or "verily." An affirmative response, implying the soul's assent to the truth of what is uttered. Used as a substantive, it signifies truth, as in Isa. 65:16¹⁶That he who blesseth himself in the earth shall bless himself in the God of truth; and he that sweareth in the earth shall swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hid from mine eyes. (Isaiah 65:16)—" the God of truth." Used also in the Christian assembly (1 Cor. 14:16¹⁶Else when thou shalt bless with the spirit, how shall he that occupieth the room of the unlearned say Amen at thy giving of thanks, seeing he understandeth not what thou sayest? (1 Corinthians 14:16)).

Anakims, Josh. 11:21,22²¹And at that time came Joshua, and cut off the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua destroyed them utterly with their cities. ²²There was none of the Anakims left in the land of the children of Israel: only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, there remained. (Joshua 11:21‑22).-A giant race of Canaanites. Goliath-about nine feet high-was a descendant of Anak, the original head of these gigantic men.

Apothecary, Ex. 30:35³⁵And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy: (Exodus 30:35).-One who seasons. A compound of sacred and other perfumes.

Appertain, Num. 16:32³²And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods. (Numbers 16:32).-Belonging to.

Arcturus, Job 9:9⁹Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south. (Job 9:9).-Name of a star in the northern hemisphere.

Ariel, Isa. 29-Meaning Lion of God. Figuratively the strong city of Jerusalem.

Artificer, Gen. 4:22²²And Zillah, she also bare Tubal-cain, an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron: and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah. (Genesis 4:22).-A skilful workman.

Artillery, 1 Sam. 20:40⁴⁰And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city. (1 Samuel 20:40).-Weapons, as bows and arrows.

Away with, Isa. 1:13¹³Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting. (Isaiah 1:13).-Signifies I cannot endure it.

Azzah, Deut. 2:23²³And the Avims which dwelt in Hazerim, even unto Azzah, the Caphtorims, which came forth out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and dwelt in their stead.) (Deuteronomy 2:23), or Gaza.-A capital city of the Philistines, and situated on the shores of the Mediterranean.

Assayed. 1 Sam. 17:39³⁹And David girded his sword upon his armor, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him. (1 Samuel 17:39).-To attempt or try.

Baca, Psa. 84:6⁶Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well; the rain also filleth the pools. (Psalm 84:6). Weeping, thus "the Valley of Baca" would be "the Valley of Weeping.

Bakers' Street, Jer. 37:21²¹Then Zedekiah the king commanded that they should commit Jeremiah into the court of the prison, and that they should give him daily a piece of bread out of the bakers' street, until all the bread in the city were spent. Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison. (Jeremiah 37:21).-In the East persons of the same occupation generally resided in the same street, hence Bakers' Street.

Beeves, Lev. 22:19¹⁹Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats. (Leviticus 22:19).-Signifies domestic animals.

Behemoth, Job 40:15¹⁵Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. (Job 40:15).-A gigantic animal, generally understood as the huge Hippopotamus.

Belial, Deut. 13:13¹³Certain men, the children of Belial, are gone out from among you, and have withdrawn the inhabitants of their city, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which ye have not known; (Deuteronomy 13:13). Worthless. Frequently used of wicked, worthless persons; "Wicked heart" (Deut. 15:9⁹Beware that there be not a thought in thy wicked heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand; and thine eye be evil against thy poor brother, and thou givest him nought; and he cry unto the Lord against thee, and it be sin unto thee. (Deuteronomy 15:9)), "Ungodly men" (2 Sam. 22:5⁵When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid; (2 Samuel 22:5)), "evil disease" (Psa. 41:8⁸An evil disease, say they, cleaveth fast unto him: and now that he lieth he shall rise up no more. (Psalm 41:8)), "wicked thing" (Psa. 101:3³I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the work of them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to me. (Psalm 101:3)), "naughty person" (Prov. 6:12¹²A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. (Proverbs 6:12)), "wicked counselor" (Nah. 1:11¹¹There is one come out of thee, that imagineth evil against the Lord, a wicked counsellor. (Nahum 1:11)), etc., are translations of the word Belial.

Bestead, Isa. 8:21²¹And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: and it shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward. (Isaiah 8:21).-Literally, distressed.

Beulah, Isa. 62:4⁴Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah, and thy land Beulah: for the Lord delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married. (Isaiah 62:4).-Meaning married, and thus expressing the relationship which Immanuel's land sustains to Jehovah.

Bewray, Isa. 16:3³Take counsel, execute judgment; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; bewray not him that wandereth. (Isaiah 16:3).-Discover. See also Prov. 27:16¹⁶Whosoever hideth her hideth the wind, and the ointment of his right hand, which bewrayeth itself. (Proverbs 27:16).

Blain, Ex. 9:9, 10⁹And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt. ¹⁰And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast. (Exodus 9:9‑10).-Ulcerous sores; one of the Egyptian plagues.

Blaspheme, 1 Kings 21:13¹³And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died. (1 Kings 21:13).-In its theological signification this word denotes speaking against God or His Word, and is so used in the Holy Scriptures, as in Matt. 12:31,32³¹Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men. ³²And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come. (Matthew 12:31‑32), etc.

Boaz, 1 Kings 7:21²¹And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz. (1 Kings 7:21).-In him is strength; one of the brazen pillars in Solomon's Temple, alluded to in Rev. 3:12¹²Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my new name. (Revelation 3:12).

Boils, Job 2:7⁷So went Satan forth from the presence of the Lord, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. (Job 2:7).-Severe and inflammatory swellings on various parts of the body. The "sore botch" of Deut. 28:27,35²⁷The Lord will smite thee with the botch of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed. (Deuteronomy 28:27)
³⁵The Lord shall smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a sore botch that cannot be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the top of thy head. (Deuteronomy 28:35), is the same as Job 2:7⁷So went Satan forth from the presence of the Lord, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. (Job 2:7) and Ex. 9:9⁹And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt. (Exodus 9:9).

Bonnets, Isa. 3:20²⁰The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, and the tablets, and the earrings, (Isaiah 3:20).-Female head-dresses of various kinds. Bonnet (Ex. 28:40⁴⁰And for Aaron's sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them, for glory and for beauty. (Exodus 28:40)), the priestly miter.

Bravery, Isa. 3:18¹⁸In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon, (Isaiah 3:18).-Finery, characteristic of the maidens of Judah.

Bow the knee, Gen. 41:43⁴³And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt. (Genesis 41:43).-Marginal reading, tender father.

Borrowed of the Egyptians, Ex. 12:35³⁵And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: (Exodus 12:35).-The word "borrowed" means asked or demanded, and does not at all imply a return.

Branch and Rush, Isa. 9:14; 19:15¹⁴Therefore the Lord will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day. (Isaiah 9:14)
¹⁵Neither shall there be any work for Egypt, which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do. (Isaiah 19:15).-The "great and small."

Brass, Deut. 8:9⁹A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass. (Deuteronomy 8:9).-This metal is a compound of copper and zinc, and was unknown previous to the 13th century. The Scripture "brass" was a native production, and would be more correctly translated "copper."

Breakings, Job 41:25²⁵When he raiseth up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves. (Job 41:25).-Judgments.

Breaches, Judg. 5:17¹⁷Gilead abode beyond Jordan: and why did Dan remain in ships? Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches. (Judges 5:17).-Creeks or harbors.

Breaker, Mic. 2:13¹³The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and the Lord on the head of them. (Micah 2:13).-The Messiah dealing with every hindrance and enemy opposed to the blessing and rest of His people.

Brigandine, Jer. 51:3³Against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against him that lifteth himself up in his brigandine: and spare ye not her young men; destroy ye utterly all her host. (Jeremiah 51:3).-A coat of mail or light armor.

Bolled, Exod, 9:31.-So swollen as about to burst.

Bruit, Jer. 10:22²²Behold, the noise of the bruit is come, and a great commotion out of the north country, to make the cities of Judah desolate, and a den of dragons. (Jeremiah 10:22); Nab. 3:19.-Report or rumor.

Buttocks, Isa. 20:4⁴So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt. (Isaiah 20:4); 2 Sam. 10:4⁴Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away. (2 Samuel 10:4).-Hind-parts.

Calves of the lips, Hos. 14:2²Take with you words, and turn to the Lord: say unto him, Take away all iniquity, and receive us graciously: so will we render the calves of our lips. (Hosea 14:2).-Should be praises of the lips.

Caulkers, Ezek. 27:9, 27⁹The ancients of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise. (Ezekiel 27:9)
²⁷Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of thy ruin. (Ezekiel 27:27).-Ship carpenters.

Caphtor, Jer. 47:4⁴Because of the day that cometh to spoil all the Philistines, and to cut off from Tyrus and Zidon every helper that remaineth: for the Lord will spoil the Philistines, the remnant of the country of Caphtor. (Jeremiah 47:4), etc.-The original location of the Philistines, who were descended from Mizraim (Egypt), Gen. 10:14¹⁴And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. (Genesis 10:14).

Carriage, 1 Sam. 17:22²²And David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage, and ran into the army, and came and saluted his brethren. (1 Samuel 17:22); Judg. 18:21²¹So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them. (Judges 18:21).-The goods or baggage, i.e., not what carried, but what was carried. See also Acts 21:55.

Cauls, Isa. 3:18¹⁸In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon, (Isaiah 3:18).-Female head covering of net work, and of an ornamental character.

Chains, Isa. 3:19¹⁹The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, (Isaiah 3:19).-This word signifies ear-drops.

Chambers of imagery, Ezek. 8:12¹²Then said he unto me, Son of man, hast thou seen what the ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark, every man in the chambers of his imagery? for they say, The Lord seeth us not; the Lord hath forsaken the earth. (Ezekiel 8:12).-Egyptian idolatry occupying the rooms, and generally the interior of the temple.

Champaign, Deut. 11:30³⁰Are they not on the other side Jordan, by the way where the sun goeth down, in the land of the Canaanites, which dwell in the champaign over against Gilgal, beside the plains of Moreh? (Deuteronomy 11:30).-That part of a country not intersected by hills, but open and easily traversed. Applied to any open field or plain.

Chancellor, Ezra 4:8, 9, 57⁸Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort: ⁹Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites, (Ezra 4:8‑9).-A Persian officer of high rank, and connected with the granting of the decrees of the realm.

Chapiters, Ex. 36:38³⁸And the five pillars of it with their hooks: and he overlaid their chapiters and their fillets with gold: but their five sockets were of brass. (Exodus 36:38), etc.-The upper and ornamental parts of the columns or pillars of public buildings.

Chapman, 2 Chron. 9:14¹⁴Beside that which chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and governors of the country brought gold and silver to Solomon. (2 Chronicles 9:14).-In England we would say a "hawker;" only in the East the employment was a respectable one.

Chariot of Israel, 2 Kings 2:12¹²And Elisha saw it, and he cried, My father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces. (2 Kings 2:12).-The Divine defense and safeguard of Israel.

Chemarim, Zeph. 1:4⁴I will also stretch out mine hand upon Judah, and upon all the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and I will cut off the remnant of Baal from this place, and the name of the Chemarims with the priests; (Zephaniah 1:4),-The priests of Baal and of other idols. Translated idolatrous priests in 2 Kings 23:5⁵And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven. (2 Kings 23:5); Hos. 10:5⁵The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Beth-aven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it. (Hosea 10:5); in these Scriptures the margin reads chemarim.

Cherubim, Gen. 3:24²⁴So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. (Genesis 3:24), etc.-Ministers of the governmental and judicial power of Jehovah.

Chief prince, Ezek. 38:2, 3; 39:1²Son of man, set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him, ³And say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: (Ezekiel 38:2‑3)
¹Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: (Ezekiel 39:1).-The Septuagint or Greek version of the Old Testament, reads correctly 'Prince of Rosh," i.e., of Russia. It was only toward the close of the ninth century that Russia, as such, became known, or rather, that her history as a kingdom commenced, hence our translators took the word "rosh" as signifying the "chief," or great prince.

Child an hundred years old, Isa. 65:20²⁰There shall be no more thence an infant of days, nor an old man that hath not filled his days: for the child shall die an hundred years old; but the sinner being an hundred years old shall be accursed. (Isaiah 65:20).-Refers to the great prolongation of life in the millennium.

Children of the East, Judg. 6:3,33³And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against them; (Judges 6:3)
³³Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. (Judges 6:33).-Dwellers in the desert lying between Canaan and the river Euphrates.

Chimney, Hos. 13:3³Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the early dew that passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney. (Hosea 13:3).-Denotes any aperture covered over with interlaced lattice-work for the escape of smoke; it is the same word translated windows (Gen. 7:11; 8:2¹¹In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. (Genesis 7:11)
²The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the rain from heaven was restrained; (Genesis 8:2)).

Chittim, Dan. 11:30³⁰For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant. (Daniel 11:30).-The historical fulfillment of the first part of this chapter (Dan. 11:1-35¹Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him. ²And now will I show thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia. ³And a mighty king shall stand up, that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will. ⁴And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those. ⁵And the king of the south shall be strong, and one of his princes; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion; his dominion shall be a great dominion. ⁶And in the end of years they shall join themselves together; for the king's daughter of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the power of the arm; neither shall he stand, nor his arm: but she shall be given up, and they that brought her, and he that begat her, and he that strengthened her in these times. ⁷But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his estate, which shall come with an army, and shall enter into the fortress of the king of the north, and shall deal against them, and shall prevail: ⁸And shall also carry captives into Egypt their gods, with their princes, and with their precious vessels of silver and of gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the north. ⁹So the king of the south shall come into his kingdom, and shall return into his own land. ¹⁰But his sons shall be stirred up, and shall assemble a multitude of great forces: and one shall certainly come, and overflow, and pass through: then shall he return, and be stirred up, even to his fortress. ¹¹And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into his hand. ¹²And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be lifted up; and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not be strengthened by it. ¹³For the king of the north shall return, and shall set forth a multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come after certain years with a great army and with much riches. ¹⁴And in those times there shall many stand up against the king of the south: also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall. ¹⁵So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount, and take the most fenced cities: and the arms of the south shall not withstand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there be any strength to withstand. ¹⁶But he that cometh against him shall do according to his own will, and none shall stand before him: and he shall stand in the glorious land, which by his hand shall be consumed. ¹⁷He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do: and he shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her: but she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him. ¹⁸After this shall he turn his face unto the isles, and shall take many: but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered by him to cease; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn upon him. ¹⁹Then he shall turn his face toward the fort of his own land: but he shall stumble and fall, and not be found. ²⁰Then shall stand up in his estate a raiser of taxes in the glory of the kingdom: but within few days he shall be destroyed, neither in anger, nor in battle. ²¹And in his estate shall stand up a vile person, to whom they shall not give the honor of the kingdom: but he shall come in peaceably, and obtain the kingdom by flatteries. ²²And with the arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before him, and shall be broken; yea, also the prince of the covenant. ²³And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. ²⁴He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor his fathers' fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds, even for a time. ²⁵And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him. ²⁶Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain. ²⁷And both these kings' hearts shall be to do mischief, and they shall speak lies at one table; but it shall not prosper: for yet the end shall be at the time appointed. ²⁸Then shall he return into his land with great riches; and his heart shall be against the holy covenant; and he shall do exploits, and return to his own land. ²⁹At the time appointed he shall return, and come toward the south; but it shall not be as the former, or as the latter. ³⁰For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant. ³¹And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength, and shall take away the daily sacrifice, and they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate. ³²And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits. ³³And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by spoil, many days. ³⁴Now when they shall fall, they shall be holpen with a little help: but many shall cleave to them with flatteries. ³⁵And some of them of understanding shall fall, to try them, and to purge, and to make them white, even to the time of the end: because it is yet for a time appointed. (Daniel 11:1‑35)) prove that Rome is the power here meant.

Choler, Dan. 8:7; 11:11⁷And I saw him come close unto the ram, and he was moved with choler against him, and smote the ram, and brake his two horns: and there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and there was none that could deliver the ram out of his hand. (Daniel 8:7)
¹¹And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into his hand. (Daniel 11:11)-This Greek word signifies great rage and anger.

Charger, Num. 7:13¹³And his offering was one silver charger, the weight thereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them were full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: (Numbers 7:13).-A salver, or large dish.

Churl, Isa. 32:5, 7⁵The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl said to be bountiful. (Isaiah 32:5)
⁷The instruments also of the churl are evil: he deviseth wicked devices to destroy the poor with lying words, even when the needy speaketh right. (Isaiah 32:7).-A niggardly person; also, surly and ill-tempered, as Nabal (1 Sam. 25).

Cleave is used in exactly opposite meanings, as to cut or divide in Psa. 141:7⁷Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth, as when one cutteth and cleaveth wood upon the earth. (Psalm 141:7), and to a close and inseparable union, as in Gen. 2:24²⁴Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. (Genesis 2:24).

Coal, quench my, 2 Sam. 14:7⁷And, behold, the whole family is risen against thine handmaid, and they said, Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him, for the life of his brother whom he slew; and we will destroy the heir also: and so they shall quench my coal which is left, and shall not leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the earth. (2 Samuel 14:7).-Ruin me in my circumstances and prosperity.

Coasts, Judg. 18:2²And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there. (Judges 18:2).-Borders of territory, whether of sea or land.

Cockle, Job 31:40⁴⁰Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended. (Job 31:40).-An exceedingly poisonous plant.

Convocation, Ex. 12:16¹⁶And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. (Exodus 12:16).-This Latin word signifies a religious gathering duly called and constituted.

Converts, Isa. 1:27²⁷Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. (Isaiah 1:27).-The remnants of Israel and Judah returned to their city and God. The root idea in this word, and in that of "conversion," is "turned," or a radical change in life and character.

Cotes, 2 Chron 32:28.-Chambers or other enclosures for the protection of sheep; see also 1 Sam. 24:3³And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet: and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave. (1 Samuel 24:3).

Coulter, 1 Sam. 13:20,21²⁰But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock. ²¹Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. (1 Samuel 13:20‑21).-An implement of husbandry, generally regarded as a plowshare.

Countervail, Esther 7:4⁴For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not countervail the king's damage. (Esther 7:4).-Could not avail against the king, or damage him in any way.

Covenant of Salt, Num. 18:19¹⁹All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the Lord, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the Lord unto thee and to thy seed with thee. (Numbers 18:19), etc.-An agreement or league of a perpetual and enduring character; yet practiced to a large extent in eastern countries, where, if a visitor eats salt in your house, he has thereby secured your help and protection, and for the time under your special safeguard.

Covereth his Feet, Judg. 3:24²⁴When he was gone out, his servants came; and when they saw that, behold, the doors of the parlor were locked, they said, Surely he covereth his feet in his summer chamber. (Judges 3:24).-See margin; also 1 Sam. 24:3³And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet: and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave. (1 Samuel 24:3).

Crisping Pins, Isa. 3:22²²The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the wimples, and the crisping pins, (Isaiah 3:22). -Small bags or purses; translated bags in 2 Kings 5:23²³And Naaman said, Be content, take two talents. And he urged him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them before him. (2 Kings 5:23).

Cunning, Ex. 26:8⁸The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure. (Exodus 26:8), etc.-Clever or skilful; not to be understood in a bad sense, as with us.

Cush, Isa. 11:11¹¹And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. (Isaiah 11:11).-That part of Africa known as Ethiopia.

Darling, Psa. 22:20²⁰Deliver my soul from the sword; my darling from the power of the dog. (Psalm 22:20).-The life or soul as being dear; see also Psa. 35:17¹⁷Lord, how long wilt thou look on? rescue my soul from their destructions, my darling from the lions. (Psalm 35:17).

Dark Sayings of Old, Psa. 78:2²I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old: (Psalm 78:2).-The true spiritual design of Israel's early history.

Daysman, Job 9:33³³Neither is there any daysman betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon us both. (Job 9:33).-Arbiter or umpire.

Deal of flour, Num. 15:4⁴Then shall he that offereth his offering unto the Lord bring a meat offering of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of oil. (Numbers 15:4), etc.-A part or portion of flour.

Denounce, Deut. 30:18¹⁸I denounce unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish, and that ye shall not prolong your days upon the land, whither thou passest over Jordan to go to possess it. (Deuteronomy 30:18).-Announce or declare.

Desert of the sea, Isa. 21:1¹The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; so it cometh from the desert, from a terrible land. (Isaiah 21:1).-Babylon and its utter desolation.

Desired, 2 Chron. 21:20²⁰Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. Howbeit they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings. (2 Chronicles 21:20).-Lamented or mourned for; 2 Chron. 21:18, 19¹⁸And after all this the Lord smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease. ¹⁹And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers. (2 Chronicles 21:18‑19) clearly enough show this to be the force of the word desired as here used.

Dote, Jer. 50:36³⁶A sword is upon the liars; and they shall dote: a sword is upon her mighty men; and they shall be dismayed. (Jeremiah 50:36).-Stupid; but in Ezek. 23³⁶The Lord said moreover unto me; Son of man, wilt thou judge Aholah and Aholibah? yea, declare unto them their abominations; (Ezekiel 23:36) where the word doted occurs six times, it implies intense and all-absorbing affection.

Doves' dung, 2 Kings 6:25²⁵And there was a great famine in Samaria: and, behold, they besieged it, until an ass's head was sold for fourscore pieces of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver. (2 Kings 6:25).-Valuable for vegetation; also a vegetable resembling pigeons' dung, and largely used for food.

Dukes, Gen. 36-Patriarchal chiefs or rulers, not as with us a title of nobility.

Dumah, Isa. 21:11¹¹The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? (Isaiah 21:11).-Edom or ldumea.

Ethiopia, beyond the rivers of, Isa. 18:1¹Woe to the land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia: (Isaiah 18:1).-Rather, Cush, i.e., beyond the rivers Nile and Euphrates, as the descendants of " Cush " (Gen. 10¹Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood. (Genesis 10:1)) settled on the borders of both rivers.

Earing time, Ex. 34:21²¹Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest. (Exodus 34:21), etc.-Seed-time.

Ears Tingle, 1 Sam. 3:11¹¹And the Lord said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. (1 Samuel 3:11).-Horror and astonishment.

East and West, Isa. 45:6⁶That they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none beside me. I am the Lord, and there is none else. (Isaiah 45:6).-The whole earth.

Ed, Josh. 22:34³⁴And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar Ed: for it shall be a witness between us that the Lord is God. (Joshua 22:34).-A witness. The name of the altar erected by the two Tribes and a-half on the western side of Canaan.

Emerods, Deut. 28:27²⁷The Lord will smite thee with the botch of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed. (Deuteronomy 28:27).-Hemorrhoids or piles.

Ends of the Earth, Psa. 72:8⁸He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth. (Psalm 72:8).-Most distant parts of the globe.

Enlightening the Eyes, Psa. 19:8⁸The statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes. (Psalm 19:8).-Imparting Divine light. Intelligence, perception; see also 1 Sam. 14:27²⁷But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened. (1 Samuel 14:27).

Ethanim, 1 Kings 8:2²And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month. (1 Kings 8:2).-Flowing or streaming rivers. The seventh Jewish ecclesiastical month and first of the civil year, corresponding to our September and October.

Eunuchs, Isa. 56:4⁴For thus saith the Lord unto the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; (Isaiah 56:4).-Persons incapacitated for marrying, and forbidden to enter the congregation of the Lord (Deut. 23:1¹He that is wounded in the stones, or hath his privy member cut off, shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord. (Deuteronomy 23:1)). In the east generally employed as guardians of the bed-chamber.

Exact upon him, Psa. 89:22²²The enemy shall not exact upon him; nor the son of wickedness afflict him. (Psalm 89:22).-Shall not vex or persecute him.

Fairs, Ezek. 27-Six times repeated in the chapter. Established emporiums for the sale and barter of all kinds of goods.

Fallow ground, Jer. 4:3³For thus saith the Lord to the men of Judah and Jerusalem, Break up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns. (Jeremiah 4:3), etc.-Uncultivated ground.

Fats, Joel, 2:24.-Special vessels for pressing out the juice of the grape.

Felloes, 1 Kings 7:33³³And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten. (1 Kings 7:33).-The whole circumference of a wheel.

Fellow, Ex. 2:13¹³And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? (Exodus 2:13), etc.-Neighbor or companion. For the latter, compare Psa. 45:7⁷Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. (Psalm 45:7), with Heb. 1:9⁹Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. (Hebrews 1:9); so also, Zech. 13:7⁷Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the Lord of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones. (Zechariah 13:7). In these three Scriptures the word should be companions or associates. Scripture does not use the word in a contemptuous sense as we do; hence delete the italicized word "fellow" in Gen. 19:9⁹And they said, Stand back. And they said again, This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal worse with thee, than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and came near to break the door. (Genesis 19:9); Matt. 26:61⁶¹And said, This fellow said, I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days. (Matthew 26:61); Acts 24:5⁵For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes: (Acts 24:5).

Fillet, Ex. 27, etc.-Silver fastenings, whereby the pillars of the tabernacle supporting the curtains were secured.

Finer, Prov. 25:4⁴Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a vessel for the finer. (Proverbs 25:4).-A worker in precious metals; hence goldsmith, Isa. 41:7⁷So the carpenter encouraged the goldsmith, and he that smootheth with the hammer him that smote the anvil, saying, It is ready for the sodering: and he fastened it with nails, that it should not be moved. (Isaiah 41:7).

Firmament, Gen. 1:17¹⁷And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, (Genesis 1:17), etc.-Expanse or sky-covering over our heads. In Isa. 40:19¹⁹The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains. (Isaiah 40:19), and Num. 16:38,39³⁸The censers of these sinners against their own souls, let them make them broad plates for a covering of the altar: for they offered them before the Lord, therefore they are hallowed: and they shall be a sign unto the children of Israel. ³⁹And Eleazar the priest took the brazen censers, wherewith they that were burnt had offered; and they were made broad plates for a covering of the altar: (Numbers 16:38‑39), it is spoken of as that which covers or spreads.

First-born, Psa. 89:27²⁷Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth. (Psalm 89:27).-A title of dignity; not necessarily one of birth.

Fish-gate, Neh. 3:3³But the fish gate did the sons of Hassenaah build, who also laid the beams thereof, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof. (Nehemiah 3:3), etc.-So termed because the fish for the city of Jerusalem was sold there.

Fitches, Isa. 28:25,27²⁵When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place? (Isaiah 28:25)
²⁷For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. (Isaiah 28:27).-A vegetable used for food and medicine, and resembling our English pea.

Ford, Gen. 32:22²²And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok. (Genesis 32:22) etc.-The word simply denotes a passage across either land or water.

Footman, 1 Sam. 22:17¹⁷And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the Lord; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not show it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the Lord. (1 Samuel 22:17).-A guard or foot soldier.

Fray, Deut. 28:26²⁶And thy carcase shall be meat unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and no man shall fray them away. (Deuteronomy 28:26) etc.-To send away by fright, or to frighten.

Gathering of the people be, Gen. 49:10¹⁰The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. (Genesis 49:10).-Reads: gathering of the peoples be; Gentiles as well as Jews will be gathered to Christ.

Generation, who shall declare? Isa. 53:8⁸He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. (Isaiah 53:8).-"Manner of life who would declare?"

Gentiles, Isa. 11:10¹⁰And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious. (Isaiah 11:10) etc.-All were spoken of as Gentiles who were not Jews.

Galley, Isa. 33:21²¹But there the glorious Lord will be unto us a place of broad rivers and streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship pass thereby. (Isaiah 33:21).-A large decked boat propelled by oars.

Glory, afterward receive me to, Psa. 73:24²⁴Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. (Psalm 73:24).-Should be, after the glory receive me, Israel being received to fullness of Divine favor after the glory has been set up; while Christians are received before it is established over the earth.

Glede, Deut. 14:13¹³And the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind, (Deuteronomy 14:13). Vulture, as translated in Lev. 11:14¹⁴And the vulture, and the kite after his kind; (Leviticus 11:14).

Glory of this latter house, Hag. 2:9⁹The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith the Lord of hosts. (Haggai 2:9).-Literally "Latter glory of this house." The contrast is not between the house or temple then and the future one; but between the glory then and the glory to come.

Gin, Isa. 8:14¹⁴And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (Isaiah 8:14).-A trap for catching birds.

Goads, Judg. 3:31³¹And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel. (Judges 3:31), etc.-Poles armed with iron spikes to urge on the oxen; about 8 feet in length.

Go to, Gen. 11:7⁷Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. (Genesis 11:7).-An ejaculation, not meaning "go away" but rather come.

Gods, Dent. 32:17:.-Idols; used also of angels (Psa. 97:7⁷Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods. (Psalm 97:7)) and of persons in authority (Ex. 22:28²⁸Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people. (Exodus 22:28)).

Gog and Magog, Ezek. 38; 39-"Gog a symbolic designation for the future head of all the Russias; "magog," also symbolic, his land. The term in the apocalypse is a moral and not a geographical one (Rev. 20:8⁸And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea. (Revelation 20:8)).

Grave made with the wicked, Isa. 53:9⁹And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. (Isaiah 53:9).-Literally "grave appointed with the wicked;" that was man's appointment, but God ordered otherwise (John 19:38-42³⁸And after this Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus. ³⁹And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. ⁴⁰Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury. ⁴¹Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid. ⁴²There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand. (John 19:38‑42)).

Great Sea, Josh. 9:1¹And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof; (Joshua 9:1), etc.-Or Mediterranean Sea.

Graven on the Palms of the hands, Isa, 49:16.-Beautifully explained by the eastern custom of engraving, by puncturing on the palms any person or place much loved, and thus having a continual remembrance of the object before one.

Grisled, Zech. 6:3, 6³And in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grisled and bay horses. (Zechariah 6:3)
⁶The black horses which are therein go forth into the north country; and the white go forth after them; and the grisled go forth toward the south country. (Zechariah 6:6).-Party-colored, see also Gen. 31:10, 12¹⁰And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and grisled. (Genesis 31:10)
¹²And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which leap upon the cattle are ringstraked, speckled, and grisled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee. (Genesis 31:12).

Gutters, Gen. 30:41⁴¹And it came to pass, whensoever the stronger cattle did conceive, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the cattle in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods. (Genesis 30:41).-Water-troughs. In 2 Sam. 5:8⁸And David said on that day, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter, and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind, that are hated of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. (2 Samuel 5:8), the word would have a wider meaning, probably the aqueduct.

Habergeon, Neh. 4:16¹⁶And it came to pass from that time forth, that the half of my servants wrought in the work, and the other half of them held both the spears, the shields, and the bows, and the habergeons; and the rulers were behind all the house of Judah. (Nehemiah 4:16).-A Coat of Mail, especially for the protection of the neck and shoulders.

Hap, Ruth 2:3³And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers: and her hap was to light on a part of the field belonging unto Boaz, who was of the kindred of Elimelech. (Ruth 2:3).-"Her hap," i.e., fortune.

Harnessed, Ex. 13:18¹⁸But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land of Egypt. (Exodus 13:18).-By five in a rank, see margin which gives the correct reading.

Head sick and Heart faint, Isa. 1:5⁵Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. (Isaiah 1:5).-King and Priest. Descriptive condition of the then civil and ecclesiastical state of Israel.

Head and tail, Isa. 9:14¹⁴Therefore the Lord will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day. (Isaiah 9:14).-King and False Prophet.

Headbands, Isa. 3:20²⁰The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, and the tablets, and the earrings, (Isaiah 3:20).-Rather girdles.

Hephzibah, Isa. 62:4⁴Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah, and thy land Beulah: for the Lord delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married. (Isaiah 62:4).-Means my delight is in her; expression of Jehovah's delight in Israel in the coming days of glory.

Herd, Gen. 18:7⁷And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it. (Genesis 18:7), etc.-Sheep, and generally small cattle were ordinarily termed the "flock," while bullocks and larger cattle were termed the herd.

Hireling, Job 14:6⁶Turn from him, that he may rest, till he shall accomplish, as an hireling, his day. (Job 14:6), etc.-A mere paid servant.

Holpen, Psa. 83:8⁸Assur also is joined with them: they have holpen the children of Lot. Selah. (Psalm 83:8).-Helped.

High Places, were altars, etc., erected on hills and mountainous parts, where Jehovah was worshipped before the erection of the temple (Judg. 6:25,26²⁵And it came to pass the same night, that the Lord said unto him, Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath, and cut down the grove that is by it: ²⁶And build an altar unto the Lord thy God upon the top of this rock, in the ordered place, and take the second bullock, and offer a burnt sacrifice with the wood of the grove which thou shalt cut down. (Judges 6:25‑26); Gen. 22:2²And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of. (Genesis 22:2), etc.). Afterward they became consecrated to idolatry of the grossest kind, as the books of Kings abundantly testify. The people were prohibited from worshipping on these "high places" on their entrance into the land (Deut. 12:3³And ye shall overthrow their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their groves with fire; and ye shall hew down the graven images of their gods, and destroy the names of them out of that place. (Deuteronomy 12:3)).

Ichabod, 1 Sam. 4:21²¹And she named the child I-chabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband. (1 Samuel 4:21). The glory has departed. The ark—the proper glory of Israel—being in the hands of the Philistines.

Idumea, Isa. 34:5⁵For my sword shall be bathed in heaven: behold, it shall come down upon Idumea, and upon the people of my curse, to judgment. (Isaiah 34:5).-The country of Edom.

Immanuel, Isa. 7:14; 8:8¹⁴Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:14)
⁸And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel. (Isaiah 8:8).-God with us. Fulfilled in, and applied to Christ (Matt. 1:23²³Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. (Matthew 1:23)).

Indignation, the, Isa. 10; 28-Apart from the general use of the word, it is technically applied as the expression of God's special period of, and appointed wrath against His guilty people in the coming days.

Inn, Gen. 42:27²⁷And as one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, he espied his money; for, behold, it was in his sack's mouth. (Genesis 42:27), etc.-The word often denotes a resting place merely, and not as it is generally regarded in the western world.

Islands, Isa. 11:11¹¹And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. (Isaiah 11:11), etc.-Western parts, bordering upon the Mediterranean or Great Sea.

Jachin, 1 Kings 7:25²⁵It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward. (1 Kings 7:25).-Established; name of the right-hand brazen pillar of Solomon's temple, referred to in Rev. 3:12¹²Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my new name. (Revelation 3:12).

Jah, Psa. 68:4⁴Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name JAH, and rejoice before him. (Psalm 68:4), etc.-An abbreviated form of Jehovah, and signifying Majesty.

Javan, Isa. 66:19¹⁹And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles. (Isaiah 66:19).-Ancient name of Greece.

Jebus, Judg. 19:10¹⁰But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him. (Judges 19:10).-Ancient name for Jerusalem.

Jegar-Sahadutha, Gen. 31:47⁴⁷And Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed. (Genesis 31:47).-Heap of witness, an Aramean word so called by Laban, but Jacob called it "Galeed," a Hebrew word, also signifying heap of witness.

Jehovah-Jireh, Gen. 22- The Lord will provide.

Jehovah-Nissi, Ex. 17-The Lord my banner.

Jehovah-Rophecha, Ex. 15:26²⁶And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the Lord thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the Lord that healeth thee. (Exodus 15:26).-The Lord that healeth thee.

Jehovah-Shalom, Judg. 6:24²⁴Then Gideon built an altar there unto the Lord, and called it Jehovah-shalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abiezrites. (Judges 6:24).-The Lord send peace.

Jehovah-Shammah, Ezek. 48:35³⁵It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of the city from that day shall be, The Lord is there. (Ezekiel 48:35).-The Lord is there.

Jehovah-Tsidkenu, Jer. 23:6⁶In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS. (Jeremiah 23:6).-The Lord our righteousness.

Jeshurun, Deut. 32:15¹⁵But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. (Deuteronomy 32:15).-Meaning righteous. Applied to Israel, "God's justified or righteous people."

Jewry, Dan. 5:13¹³Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry? (Daniel 5:13).-The land of Judea.

Jezreel, Hos. 2:22²²And the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall hear Jezreel. (Hosea 2:22).-God shall plant, i.e., restored Israel.

Jubilee, Lev. 25:8⁸And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall be unto thee forty and nine years. (Leviticus 25:8)-15, etc.-Every fiftieth year, termed from its character, "the year of liberty" (Ezek. 46:17¹⁷But if he give a gift of his inheritance to one of his servants, then it shall be his to the year of liberty; after it shall return to the prince: but his inheritance shall be his sons' for them. (Ezekiel 46:17)).

Justle, Nah. 2:4⁴The chariots shall rage in the streets, they shall justle one against another in the broad ways: they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnings. (Nahum 2:4).-Jostle or clash.

Justify many, Isa. 53:11¹¹He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. (Isaiah 53:11).-Reads instruct many, as in Matt. 5¹¹Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. (Matthew 5:11); 7. the life-work of Jesus.

Kerchiefs, Ezek. 13:18¹⁸And say, Thus saith the Lord God; Woe to the women that sew pillows to all armholes, and make kerchiefs upon the head of every stature to hunt souls! Will ye hunt the souls of my people, and will ye save the souls alive that come unto you? (Ezekiel 13:18)-21.-Female veils or coverings for the head.

Lancets, 1 Kings 18:28²⁸And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with knives and lancets, till the blood gushed out upon them. (1 Kings 18:28).-Short spears or lances.

Lap, I shook my, Neh. 5:13¹³Also I shook my lap, and said, So God shake out every man from his house, and from his labor, that performeth not this promise, even thus be he shaken out, and emptied. And all the congregation said, Amen, and praised the Lord. And the people did according to this promise. (Nehemiah 5:13).-An ancient and eastern expression of judgment.

Large Place, Ps. 18:19, etc.-Enlargement or place of liberty.

Lattice, Judg. 5:28²⁸The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots? (Judges 5:28), etc.-A window made of net work.

Leasing, Psa. 4:2²O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah. (Psalm 4:2).-This old English word signifies lying, or generally what is false.

Left-handed, Judg. 3:15¹⁵But when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord, the Lord raised them up a deliverer, Ehud the son of Gera, a Benjamite, a man lefthanded: and by him the children of Israel sent a present unto Eglon the king of Moab. (Judges 3:15).-Both-handed, i.e., capable of using either hand.

Leviathan, Job 41:1¹Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down? (Job 41:1)-A huge aquatic animal.

Lieutenants, Ezra 8:36³⁶And they delivered the king's commissions unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors on this side the river: and they furthered the people, and the house of God. (Ezra 8:36).-Persian deputy governors.

Lifted up his hand, 1 King 11:26, 27,-Or rebelled.

Little way, a, Gen. 35:16¹⁶And they journeyed from Beth-el; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor. (Genesis 35:16).-This was about four miles in length.

Line of Samaria, 2 Kings 21:13¹³And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the plummet of the house of Ahab: and I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down. (2 Kings 21:13).-The same lot or judgment which befel Samaria is appointed to Jerusalem; see whole verse and context.

Looking glasses, Ex. 38:8⁸And he made the laver of brass, and the foot of it of brass, of the lookingglasses of the women assembling, which assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. (Exodus 38:8).-Plates of finely polished metal reflectors.

Lo-ammi, Hos. 1:9⁹Then said God, Call his name Lo-ammi: for ye are not my people, and I will not be your God. (Hosea 1:9).-Not my people. The present rejection of Israel by Jehovah.

Lo-ruhamah, Hos. 1:6⁶And she conceived again, and bare a daughter. And God said unto him, Call her name Lo-ruhamah: for I will no more have mercy upon the house of Israel; but I will utterly take them away. (Hosea 1:6).-Not having obtained mercy. Israel at present outside the pale of national mercy.

LORD, Gen. 4, etc.-Jehovah. When "Lord " thus printed, as in Psa. 8, etc., it is used in the sense of Master, Proprietor.

Lubims, 2 Chron. 12:3³With twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen: and the people were without number that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians. (2 Chronicles 12:3), etc.-Or Africans.

Lust, Psa. 78:18¹⁸And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust. (Psalm 78:18).-Strong desire for anything.

Lucifer, Isa. 14:12.-Morning, Star. Title of the King of Babylon, who is a figure of the future head of the revived Roman power.

Ludim, Gen. 10:13¹³And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, (Genesis 10:13).-Probably Egyptians.

Mantles, Isa. 3:22²²The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the wimples, and the crisping pins, (Isaiah 3:22).-This word signifies to wap, hence wappers would correctly convey the meaning.

Made a Road, 1 Sam. 27:10¹⁰And Achish said, Whither have ye made a road to day? And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the Kenites. (1 Samuel 27:10).-A military attack for purpose of plunder or spoil.

Mandrakes, Gen. 30:14¹⁴And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, Give me, I pray thee, of thy son's mandrakes. (Genesis 30:14).-Has been termed love apple, and supposed to assist in the propagation of the species; it is still grown in various parts of Syria; its odor is most offensive to Europeans, although prized by the natives for its taste and smell.

Many, Dan. 9:27; 11:33; 12:3²⁷And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate. (Daniel 9:27)
³³And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by spoil, many days. (Daniel 11:33)
³And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. (Daniel 12:3).-Reads the Many, a special class distinguished from the mass of the nation.

Matrix, Ex. 13:12¹²That thou shalt set apart unto the Lord all that openeth the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which thou hast; the males shall be the Lord's. (Exodus 13:12), etc.-The Womb.

Mete-yard, Lev. 19:35³⁵Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure. (Leviticus 19:35).-A measuring rod.

Mattock, Isa. 7:25²⁵And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle. (Isaiah 7:25), etc.-An instrument used in agricultural and other work.

Mazzaroth, Job 38:32³²Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons? (Job 38:32).-The marginal reading gives the twelve signs, i.e., of the zodiac.

Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin, Dan. 5:25²⁵And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN. (Daniel 5:25).-Literally it reads "Numbered, Numbered, Weighed, Divided." The words were in Hebrew characters. The kingdom was numbered and ended; was weighed and found light; was divided and given to the Persians.

Meshech, Ezek. 38:2, 3; 39:1²Son of man, set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him, ³And say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: (Ezekiel 38:2‑3)
¹Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: (Ezekiel 39:1).-Moscow, the metropolis of European Russia till beginning of this century.

Messiah, Dan. 9:25²⁵Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. (Daniel 9:25), etc.-A Hebrew word meaning "Anointed," the corresponding Greek word "Christ " also means anointed.

Minished, Psa. 107:39³⁹Again, they are minished and brought low through oppression, affliction, and sorrow. (Psalm 107:39).-Diminished or reduced in number.

Minni, Jer. 51:27²⁷Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers. (Jeremiah 51:27).-Understood to be "Armenia" or part of it.

Mizraim, Gen. 10:6⁶And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. (Genesis 10:6).-The word as here used is in the dual form, referring to lower and upper Egypt, and is the word generally used in the Hebrew Scriptures, and translated in all versions, "Egypt."

Mufflers, Isa 3:19¹⁹The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, (Isaiah 3:19). Veils for the face, still used by eastern women.

Munition, Isa. 29:7⁷And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. (Isaiah 29:7).-A fortress or place of defense.

Murrain, Ex. 9:3³Behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain. (Exodus 9:3).-This fifth plague was one of death, as the word "murrain" signifies, and was inflicted upon all the Egyptian cattle and beasts of burden.

Necromancer, Deut. 18:11¹¹Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer. (Deuteronomy 18:11)-One who impiously inquires as to the state of the dead.

Neesings, Job 41:18¹⁸By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. (Job 41:18).-"Sneezings " would sufficiently express the thought to us.

Nehushtan, 2 Kings 18:4⁴He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down the groves, and brake in pieces the brazen serpent that Moses had made: for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it: and he called it Nehushtan. (2 Kings 18:4).-"Piece of brass," significantly applied to the "brazen serpent," which had been worshipped till the days of the godly King Hezekiah.

Nethinims, Ezra 2:43⁴³The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the children of Tabbaoth, (Ezra 2:43), etc.-"Dedicated persons." A portion of the Gibeonites (Josh. 9¹⁶But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah. (Joshua 10:16)) set apart to perform the meanest services for Israel.

Oracle, 2 Sam. 16:23²³And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had inquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom. (2 Samuel 16:23).-An authoritative, because Divine, revelation; also the most holy place. 1 Kings, 6:5, etc.

Orion, Job 9:9⁹Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south. (Job 9:9), etc.-A southern constellation seen in winter.

Ouches, Ex. 28; 39-Sockets, probably in the form of rings for fastening the shoulder pieces, precious stones and breast-plate of the High Priest.

Overflowing Scourge, Isa. 28:15¹⁵Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: (Isaiah 28:15).-Restored Israel's great enemy in the future day, spoken of by the prophets as the "Assyrian" and "King of the North."

Pannag, Ezek. 27:17¹⁷Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm. (Ezekiel 27:17).-An untranslated word referring to a herb or spice.

Pate, Psa. 7:16¹⁶His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. (Psalm 7:16).-Crown of the head.

Pilled, Gen. 30:37, 38³⁷And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chesnut tree; and pilled white strakes in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. ³⁸And he set the rods which he had pilled before the flocks in the gutters in the watering troughs when the flocks came to drink, that they should conceive when they came to drink. (Genesis 30:37‑38).-Peeled or stripped off the bark.

Plot, 2 Kings 9:26²⁶Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the Lord; and I will requite thee in this plat, saith the Lord. Now therefore take and cast him into the plat of ground, according to the word of the Lord. (2 Kings 9:26).-Place or portion of ground.

Pleiades, Job 9:9⁹Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south. (Job 9:9), etc.-In Amos 5:8⁸Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name: (Amos 5:8) the word is rendered the seven stars. A cluster of stars which, when seen, intimate the return of spring; thus the word is derived from pleein, to sail, because in those ancient times, when navigation was much more difficult than now, spring weather would be a favorable opportunity.

Potsherds, Isa. 45:9⁹Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands? (Isaiah 45:9); Psa. 22:15¹⁵My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death. (Psalm 22:15).-Broken earthenware.

Pottage, 2 Kings 4:38³⁸And Elisha came again to Gilgal: and there was a dearth in the land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him: and he said unto his servant, Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets. (2 Kings 4:38)-40.-Flesh, vegetables, and other ingredients boiled together.

Prevent, Psa. 79:8⁸O remember not against us former iniquities: let thy tender mercies speedily prevent us: for we are brought very low. (Psalm 79:8), etc.-Anticipate or go before; see also 1 Thess. 4:15¹⁵For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep. (1 Thessalonians 4:15); thus the Scriptural use of the word and common usage are diametrically opposite.

Printed, Job 19:23²³Oh that my words were now written! oh that they were printed in a book! (Job 19:23).-Inscribed. The art of printing is said to have been known to the people of Sinim (China) five centuries before the Christian era. Its use in Europe is comparatively of recent date—the fifteenth century—and greatly contributed to the work of the Reformation.

Pur, Purim, Esther 3:7⁷In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar. (Esther 3:7), etc.-Words of Persian signification, meaning Lot, Lots. A Jewish feast in remembrance of their deliverance from Haman's wicked efforts to destroy them, observed on the 14th and 15th of the month, Aaar or March.

Rahab, Psa. 87:4⁴I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me: behold Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia; this man was born there. (Psalm 87:4), etc.-Descriptive of Egypt, and also of its king (Ezek, 29:3); the words "great dragon" are the signification of "Rahab," which, however, must not be confounded with the "Rahab" or Racal) of Jericho; they are really different words.

Rentest thy face, Jer. 4:30³⁰And when thou art spoiled, what wilt thou do? Though thou clothest thyself with crimson, though thou deckest thee with ornaments of gold, though thou rentest thy face with painting, in vain shalt thou make thyself fair; thy lovers will despise thee, they will seek thy life. (Jeremiah 4:30).-Distend the eyes.

Salem, Gen, 14:18,-Peace. The name given to Jerusalem in the days of Abram.

Scepter, Gen. 49:10¹⁰The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. (Genesis 49:10).-The tribal character of Israel; used elsewhere for righteous government, as in Ps. 45:6, etc.

Scum, Ezek. 24:6, 11, 12⁶Wherefore thus saith the Lord God; Woe to the bloody city, to the pot whose scum is therein, and whose scum is not gone out of it! bring it out piece by piece; let no lot fall upon it. (Ezekiel 24:6)
¹¹Then set it empty upon the coals thereof, that the brass of it may be hot, and may burn, and that the filthiness of it may be molten in it, that the scum of it may be consumed. ¹²She hath wearied herself with lies, and her great scum went not forth out of her: her scum shall be in the fire. (Ezekiel 24:11‑12).-The worst, the very wicked.

Seed, seeds, Gen. 22, compare with Gal. 3-It is an interesting thought that when "seed," irrespective of number, is used, it refers to Christ, but when not so used it refers to Israel.

Seer, 1 Sam. 9:9⁹(Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to inquire of God, thus he spake, Come, and let us go to the seer: for he that is now called a Prophet was beforetime called a Seer.) (1 Samuel 9:9).-The prophets were originally termed seers, because they alone unfolded the future.

Seethe, 2 Kings 4:38³⁸And Elisha came again to Gilgal: and there was a dearth in the land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him: and he said unto his servant, Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets. (2 Kings 4:38), etc.-Boil.

Selah, Hab. 3-Pause, Consider, occurs three times in Hab. 3, and about seventy times in the book of Psalms.

Seraphim, Isa. 6-Attendants upon and proclaimers of the holiness of Jehovah and of His throne. Seraph is singular, and "Seraphim" is plural.

Servitor, 2 Kings 4:43⁴³And his servitor said, What, should I set this before an hundred men? He said again, Give the people, that they may eat: for thus saith the Lord, They shall eat, and shall leave thereof. (2 Kings 4:43).-A servant.

Several House, 2 Kings 15:5⁵And the Lord smote the king, so that he was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house. And Jotham the king's son was over the house, judging the people of the land. (2 Kings 15:5).- Dwelling alone.

Sheep-gate, Neh. 3:1, 32¹Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests, and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set up the doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, unto the tower of Hananeel. (Nehemiah 3:1)
³²And between the going up of the corner unto the sheep gate repaired the goldsmiths and the merchants. (Nehemiah 3:32), etc.-The gate through which the animals entered Jerusalem required for sacrifice.

Sherd, Isa. 30:14¹⁴And he shall break it as the breaking of the potters' vessel that is broken in pieces; he shall not spare: so that there shall not be found in the bursting of it a sherd to take fire from the hearth, or to take water withal out of the pit. (Isaiah 30:14).-A small piece or portion.

Sheriffs, Dan. 3:2, 3²Then Nebuchadnezzar the king sent to gather together the princes, the governors, and the captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up. ³Then the princes, the governors, and captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, were gathered together unto the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up; and they stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up. (Daniel 3:2‑3).-Chaldean officers whose precise functions, cannot with certainty be determined.

Sheshach, Jer. 25:26²⁶And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them. (Jeremiah 25:26), etc.-Babylon.

Shiloh, Gen. 49:10¹⁰The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. (Genesis 49:10).-To whom the Government belongs, i.e., to the Messiah.

Shinar, Isa. 11:11¹¹And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. (Isaiah 11:11).-Babylonia