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1 Samuel 22

1 Sam. 22:2 KJV (With Strong’s)

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2

Andq every one that was in distress, and every one that κwas in debt, and every one that was λdiscontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captains over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.

q

Judg. 11:3• ³{i}Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob. And vain men were gathered to Jephthah, and they made expeditions with him.{/i} (Judg. 11:3)

κ

had a creditor.

λ

bitter of soul.

s

Psa. 72:12‑14• ¹²For he will deliver the needy that crieth{HR}And the afflicted that hath no helper.
¹³He will have pity on a poor and needy one,{HR}And the souls of the needy will he save.
¹⁴From fraud and from violence will he redeem their soul,{HR}And precious shall their blood be in his sight. (Psa. 72:12‑14)

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Matt. 9:12‑13• ¹²{i}But [Jesus] hearing it, said, They that are strong have not need of a physician, but those that are ill.{/i}
¹³{i}But go and learn what [that] is—I will have mercy and not sacrifice; for I have not come to call righteous [men] but sinners.{/i} (Matt. 9:12‑13)

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Captain,

Man

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Ministry on This Verse

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distress.

Judg. 11:3• ³{i}Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob. And vain men were gathered to Jephthah, and they made expeditions with him.{/i} (Judg. 11:3)

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Matt. 11:12,28• ¹²{i}But from the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of the heavens is taken by violence, and [the] violent seize on it.{/i}
²⁸{i}Come to me, all ye who labour and are burdened, and I will give you rest.{/i} (Matt. 11:12,28)

was in debt.

Heb. had a creditor.

Matt. 18:25‑34• ²⁵But as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife and the children and all that he had, and payment to be made.
²⁶The bondman then falling down did him homage, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay all.
²⁷And the lord of the bondman, moved with compassion, released him and forgave him the debt.
²⁸But that bondman, on going out, found one of his fellow-bondmen who owed him a hundred denarii, and having laid hold he was grasping his throat, saying, Pay what thou owest.
²⁹His fellow-bondman then, falling at his feet, besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee.
³⁰And he would not, but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay what was owing.
³¹But his fellow-bondmen, having seen what was being done, were greatly grieved, and went and fully explained to their lord all that was done.
³²Then his lord, having summoned him, saith to him, Wicked bondman, all that debt I forgave thee, since thou didst beseech me:
³³oughtedst not thou also to have pitied thy fellow-bondman, as I also pitied thee?
³⁴And his lord, in wrath, delivered him to the tormentors till he should pay all that was owing to him. (Matt. 18:25‑34)

discontented.

Heb. bitter of soul.

1 Sam. 1:10• ¹⁰{i}and she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed to Jehovah, and wept much.{/i} (1 Sam. 1:10)

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1 Sam. 30:6• ⁶And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in Jehovah his God. (1 Sam. 30:6)

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Judg. 18:25• ²⁵{i}And the children of Dan said to him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest men of exasperated spirit run upon you, and thou lose thy life and the lives of thy household.{/i} (Judg. 18:25)

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2 Sam. 17:8• ⁸{i}And Hushai said, Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are of exasperated spirit, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.{/i} (2 Sam. 17:8)

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Prov. 31:6• ⁶{i}Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish,{HR}And wine unto the bitter of soul:{HR}{/i} (Prov. 31:6)

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Prov. 31• (Prov. 31)

:*margins

a captain.

1 Sam. 9:16• ¹⁶{i}Tomorrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him prince over my people Israel; and he will save my people out of the hand of the Philistines; for I have looked upon my people, because their cry is come unto me.{/i} (1 Sam. 9:16)

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1 Sam. 25:15‑16• ¹⁵But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we anything, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields:
¹⁶they were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. (1 Sam. 25:15‑16)

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1 Sam. 30:22‑24• ²²{i}And all the wicked men, and men of Belial, of those that had gone with David, answered and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away and depart.{/i}
²³{i}Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which Jehovah has given us, who has preserved us, and given the troop that came against us into our hand.{/i}
²⁴{i}And who will hearken to you in this matter? For as his share is that goes down to the battle, so shall his share be that abides by the baggage: they shall share alike.{/i} (1 Sam. 30:22‑24)

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2 Sam. 5:2• ²Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and Jehovah said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel. (2 Sam. 5:2)

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2 Kings 20:5• ⁵Turn again, and tell Hezekiah, the captain of my people, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer; I have seen thy tears. Behold, I will heal thee: on the third day thou shalt go up unto the house of Jehovah. (2 Kings 20:5)

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1 Chron. 11:15‑19• ¹⁵{i}And three of the thirty chiefs went down to the rock to David, to the cave of Adullam, when the army of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.{/i}
¹⁶David was in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison was then at Bethlehem.
¹⁷And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate!
¹⁸{i}And the three{/i} broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David. But David would not drink of it, but poured it out to Jehovah,
¹⁹and said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing; shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest. (1 Chron. 11:15‑19)

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Psa. 72:12‑14• ¹²For he will deliver the needy that crieth{HR}And the afflicted that hath no helper.
¹³He will have pity on a poor and needy one,{HR}And the souls of the needy will he save.
¹⁴From fraud and from violence will he redeem their soul,{HR}And precious shall their blood be in his sight. (Psa. 72:12‑14)

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Matt. 9:12‑13• ¹²{i}But [Jesus] hearing it, said, They that are strong have not need of a physician, but those that are ill.{/i}
¹³{i}But go and learn what [that] is—I will have mercy and not sacrifice; for I have not come to call righteous [men] but sinners.{/i} (Matt. 9:12‑13)

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Heb. 2:10• ¹⁰For it became him for whom [are] all things and by whom [are] all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to perfect through sufferings the leader of their salvation. (Heb. 2:10)

• Could David ever regret being found at such an extremity, abandoned by all, since there it was it that his soul knew and appreciated the sovereign refuge that is found in God? Thus the psalm {142} ends with the assurance that filled his soul, for his time of solitude and of being forsaken would come to an end. “The righteous,” he says, “shall surround me” (Psa. 142:7). (“1 Samuel 22” by H.L. Rossier)

• Their common characteristic was that they had lost everything. (“1 Samuel 22” by H.L. Rossier)

• David is able to create, to form, the most wretched beings in his own image. The reflection of his moral beauty falls on those who have nothing to bring him but their misery. In the dark cave of Adullam the light shining forth from David shines on these four hundred men who surround him, and that which grace made of them in the day of tribulation will be recognized by all eyes, acclaimed by every mouth in the day of glory which is already approaching. All these outlaws will surround the king’s throne and will be called “David’s mighty men” (2 Sam. 23:8). (“1 Samuel 22” by H.L. Rossier)

J. N. Darby Translation

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And every one in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one of embittered spiritb collected round him; and he became a captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.

JND Translation Notes

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b

Or "discontented," or "sorrowful." so ch. 30.6.

W. Kelly Translation

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2

And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.

WK Verse Note

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(Note: Words in italics have been inserted from the J. N. Darby translation where the W. Kelly translation doesn’t exist.)