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Romans 9

Rom. 9:18 KJV (With Strong’s)

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18
Therefore
ara (Greek #686)
a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)
KJV usage: haply, (what) manner (of man), no doubt, perhaps, so be, then, therefore, truly, wherefore. Often used in connection with other particles, especially 1065 or 3767 (after) or 1487 (before). Compare also 687.
Pronounce: ar'-ah
Origin: probably from 142 (through the idea of drawing a conclusion)
oun (Greek #3767)
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
KJV usage: and (so, truly), but, now (then), so (likewise then), then, therefore, verily, wherefore.
Pronounce: oon
Origin: apparently a primary word
hath he mercy on
eleeo (Greek #1653)
to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)
KJV usage: have compassion (pity on), have (obtain, receive, shew) mercy (on).
Pronounce: el-eh-eh'-o
Origin: from 1656
whom
hos (Greek #3739)
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
KJV usage: one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See also 3757.
Pronounce: hos
Origin: ἥ (hay), and neuter ὅ (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588)
he will
thelo (Greek #2309)
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
KJV usage: desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Pronounce: thel'-o
Origin: or ἐθέλω (eth-el'-o), in certain tenses θελέω (thel-eh'-o), and ἐθελέω (eth-el-eh'-o), which are otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138
have mercy, and
de (Greek #1161)
but, and, etc.
KJV usage: also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
Pronounce: deh
Origin: a primary particle (adversative or continuative)
whom
hos (Greek #3739)
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
KJV usage: one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See also 3757.
Pronounce: hos
Origin: ἥ (hay), and neuter ὅ (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article 3588)
he will
thelo (Greek #2309)
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas 1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations), i.e. choose or prefer (literally or figuratively); by implication, to wish, i.e. be inclined to (sometimes adverbially, gladly); impersonally for the future tense, to be about to; by Hebraism, to delight in
KJV usage: desire, be disposed (forward), intend, list, love, mean, please, have rather, (be) will (have, -ling, - ling(-ly)).
Pronounce: thel'-o
Origin: or ἐθέλω (eth-el'-o), in certain tenses θελέω (thel-eh'-o), and ἐθελέω (eth-el-eh'-o), which are otherwise obsolete apparently strengthened from the alternate form of 138
he hardeneth
skleruno (Greek #4645)
to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn
KJV usage: harden.
Pronounce: sklay-roo'-no
Origin: from 4642
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More on:

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Mercy

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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hath.
Rom. 9:15‑16• 15For to Moses he saith, “I will have mercy on whomsoever I have mercy and will pity whomsoever I pity.”
 16So then [it is] not of him that willeth nor of him that runneth but of God that hath mercy. (Rom. 9:15‑16)
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Rom. 5:20‑21• 20But law came in by the way, in order that the offence might abound; but where sin abounded, grace over-abounded
 21that, as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness unto life eternal by Jesus Christ our Lord. (Rom. 5:20‑21)
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Eph. 1:6• 6unto [the] praise of [the] glory of his grace, wherein he made us objects of grace in the beloved; (Eph. 1:6)
will he.
Rom. 1:24‑28• 24Wherefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts unto uncleanness so that their bodies were dishonoured among them;
 25which exchanged the truth of God for falsehood, and served and reverenced the creature rather than the Creator who is blessed forever, Amen.
 26On this account God gave them up to vile passions; for both their females exchanged the natural use into the unnatural,
 27and likewise the males also, leaving the natural use of the female, were inflamed in their lust toward one another, males with males working out unseemliness, and receiving in themselves the recompense of their error which was meet.
 28And even as they disapproved to have God in acknowledgment, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind to do improper things; (Rom. 1:24‑28)
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Rom. 11:7‑8• 7What then? That which Israel seeketh after, this it did not obtain, but the election obtained [it]; but the rest were hardened,
 8even as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of slumber, eyes so as not to see, and ears so as not to hear, until this day.” (Rom. 11:7‑8)
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Ex. 4:21•  (Ex. 4:21)
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Ex. 7:13•  (Ex. 7:13)
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Deut. 2:30•  (Deut. 2:30)
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Josh. 11:20•  (Josh. 11:20)
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Isa. 63:17•  (Isa. 63:17)
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Matt. 13:14‑15• 14{i}and in them is filled up the prophecy of Esaias, which says, Hearing ye shall hear and shall not understand, and beholding ye shall behold and not see;{/i}
 15{i}for the heart of this people has grown fat, and they have heard heavily with their ears, and they have closed their eyes as asleep, lest they should see with the eyes, and hear with the ears, and understand with the heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.{/i} (Matt. 13:14‑15)
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Acts 28:26‑28• 26saying, Go unto this people and say, With hearing ye shall hear and in no wise understand, with seeing ye shall see and in no wise perceive.
 27For the heart of this people became gross, and with [their] ears they became dull of hearing, and [their] eyes have they closed, lest they should see with [their] eyes and hear with [their] ears and understand with the heart, and return, and I should heal them.
 28Be it known therefore unto you that this salvation of God was sent to the Gentiles; they also will hear. (Acts 28:26‑28)
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2 Thess. 2:10‑12• 10and in all deceit of unrighteousness for those that perish, because they received not the love of the truth that they might be saved.
 11And for this cause God sendeth them a working of error that they should believe falsehood,
 12that all might be judged who believed not the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness. (2 Thess. 2:10‑12)
• God can and does exercise judgment on the wicked, and He is just in doing so, but He might choose to show mercy on some; it is His prerogative. (“The Sovereignty of God Israel's Past Election: Romans 9” by B. Anstey)

J. N. Darby Translation

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18
So then, to whom he will he shews mercy, and whom he will he hardens.

W. Kelly Translation

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18
So then on whom he willeth he hath mercy and whom he willeth he hardeneth.