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Romans 1

Rom. 1:1 KJV (With Strong’s)

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1
Paul
Paulos (Greek #3972)
(little; but remotely from a derivative of 3973, meaning the same); Paulus, the name of a Roman and of an apostle
KJV usage: Paul, Paulus.
Pronounce: pow'-los
Origin: of Latin origin
, a servant
doulos (Greek #1401)
a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
KJV usage: bond(-man), servant.
Pronounce: doo'-los
Origin: from 1210
of Jesus
Iesous (Greek #2424)
Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
KJV usage: Jesus.
Pronounce: ee-ay-sooce'
Origin: of Hebrew origin (03091)
Christ
Christos (Greek #5547)
anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
KJV usage: Christ.
Pronounce: khris-tos'
Origin: from 5548
a, called
kletos (Greek #2822)
invited, i.e. appointed, or (specially), a saint
KJV usage: called.
Pronounce: klay-tos'
Origin: from the same as 2821
b to be an apostle
apostolos (Greek #652)
a delegate; specially, an ambassador of the Gospel; officially a commissioner of Christ ("apostle") (with miraculous powers)
KJV usage: apostle, messenger, he that is sent.
Pronounce: ap-os'-tol-os
Origin: from 649
, separated
aphorizo (Greek #873)
to set off by boundary, i.e. (figuratively) limit, exclude, appoint, etc.
KJV usage: divide, separate, sever.
Pronounce: af-or-id'-zo
Origin: from 575 and 3724
c unto
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
the gospel
euaggelion (Greek #2098)
a good message, i.e. the gospel
KJV usage: gospel.
Pronounce: yoo-ang-ghel'-ee-on
Origin: from the same as 2097
of God
theos (Greek #2316)
a deity, especially (with 3588) the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very
KJV usage: X exceeding, God, god(-ly, -ward).
Pronounce: theh'-os
Origin: of uncertain affinity
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a
Acts 27:23• 23For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve, (Acts 27:23)
b
Acts 9:15• 15But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel: (Acts 9:15)
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1 Cor. 1:1• 1Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother, (1 Cor. 1:1)
c
Acts 13:2• 2As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. (Acts 13:2)
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Gal. 1:15• 15But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace, (Gal. 1:15)

More on:

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Apostle,
Christ,
God,
Paul,
Servant,
The Gospel,
The Lord Jesus

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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1-8:  Paul commends his calling to the Romans;
9-15:  and his desire to come to them.
16-17:  What his gospel is.
18-20:  God is angry with sin.
21-32:  What were the sins of the gentiles.
Paul.
Acts 13:9• 9Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) filled with the Holy Ghost, set his eyes on him, (Acts 13:9)
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Acts 21:40• 40And when he had given him licence, Paul stood on the stairs, and beckoned with the hand unto the people. And when there was made a great silence, he spake unto them in the Hebrew tongue, saying, (Acts 21:40)
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Acts 22:7,13• 7And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?
 13Came unto me, and stood, and said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And the same hour I looked up upon him. (Acts 22:7,13)
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Acts 26:1,14• 1Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself:
 14And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice speaking unto me, and saying in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. (Acts 26:1,14)
a servant.
Rom. 1:9• 9For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers; (Rom. 1:9)
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Rom. 15:16• 16That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost. (Rom. 15:16)
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Rom. 16:18• 18For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. (Rom. 16:18)
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John 12:26• 26If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will my Father honor. (John 12:26)
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John 13:14‑16• 14If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet.
 15For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.
 16Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. (John 13:14‑16)
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John 15:15,20• 15Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.
 20Remember the word that I said unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you; if they have kept my saying, they will keep yours also. (John 15:15,20)
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Acts 27:23• 23For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve, (Acts 27:23)
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2 Cor. 4:5• 5For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake. (2 Cor. 4:5)
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Gal. 1:10• 10For do I now persuade men, or God? or do I seek to please men? for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ. (Gal. 1:10)
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Phil. 1:1• 1Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons: (Phil. 1:1)
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Phil. 2:11• 11And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. (Phil. 2:11)
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Phil. 3:6‑7• 6Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
 7But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. (Phil. 3:6‑7)
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Titus 1:1• 1Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness; (Titus 1:1)
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James 1:1• 1James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting. (James 1:1)
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2 Peter 1:1• 1Simon Peter, a servant and an apostle of Jesus Christ, to them that have obtained like precious faith with us through the righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ: (2 Peter 1:1)
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Jude 1• 1Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to them that are sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ, and called: (Jude 1)
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Rev. 1:1• 1The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to show unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John: (Rev. 1:1)
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Rev. 22:6,9• 6And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to show unto his servants the things which must shortly be done.
 9Then saith he unto me, See thou do it not: for I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren the prophets, and of them which keep the sayings of this book: worship God. (Rev. 22:6,9)
called.
Rom. 1:5• 5By whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name: (Rom. 1:5)
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Rom. 11:13• 13For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office: (Rom. 11:13)
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Acts 9:15• 15But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel: (Acts 9:15)
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Acts 22:14‑15,21• 14And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou shouldest know his will, and see that Just One, and shouldest hear the voice of his mouth.
 15For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard.
 21And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. (Acts 22:14‑15,21)
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Acts 26:16‑18• 16But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee;
 17Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee,
 18To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me. (Acts 26:16‑18)
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1 Cor. 1:1• 1Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother, (1 Cor. 1:1)
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1 Cor. 9:1,16‑18• 1Am I not an apostle? am I not free? have I not seen Jesus Christ our Lord? are not ye my work in the Lord?
 16For though I preach the gospel, I have nothing to glory of: for necessity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the gospel!
 17For if I do this thing willingly, I have a reward: but if against my will, a dispensation of the gospel is committed unto me.
 18What is my reward then? Verily that, when I preach the gospel, I may make the gospel of Christ without charge, that I abuse not my power in the gospel. (1 Cor. 9:1,16‑18)
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1 Cor. 15:8‑10• 8And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.
 9For I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
 10But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me. (1 Cor. 15:8‑10)
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2 Cor. 1:1• 1Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, unto the church of God which is at Corinth, with all the saints which are in all Achaia: (2 Cor. 1:1)
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2 Cor. 11:5• 5For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles. (2 Cor. 11:5)
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2 Cor. 12:11• 11I am become a fool in glorying; ye have compelled me: for I ought to have been commended of you: for in nothing am I behind the very chiefest apostles, though I be nothing. (2 Cor. 12:11)
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Gal. 1:1,11‑17• 1Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)
 11But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man.
 12For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.
 13For ye have heard of my conversation in time past in the Jews' religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and wasted it:
 14And profited in the Jews' religion above many my equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the traditions of my fathers.
 15But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace,
 16To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood:
 17Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto Damascus. (Gal. 1:1,11‑17)
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Eph. 1:1• 1Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, to the saints which are at Ephesus, and to the faithful in Christ Jesus: (Eph. 1:1)
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Eph. 3:5‑7• 5Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit;
 6That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:
 7Whereof I was made a minister, according to the gift of the grace of God given unto me by the effectual working of his power. (Eph. 3:5‑7)
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Eph. 4:11• 11And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; (Eph. 4:11)
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Col. 1:1,25• 1Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timotheus our brother,
 25Whereof I am made a minister, according to the dispensation of God which is given to me for you, to fulfil the word of God; (Col. 1:1,25)
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1 Tim. 1:1,11‑12• 1Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope;
 11According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust.
 12And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry; (1 Tim. 1:1,11‑12)
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1 Tim. 2:7• 7Whereunto I am ordained a preacher, and an apostle, (I speak the truth in Christ, and lie not;) a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and verity. (1 Tim. 2:7)
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2 Tim. 1:11• 11Whereunto I am appointed a preacher, and an apostle, and a teacher of the Gentiles. (2 Tim. 1:11)
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Titus 1:1• 1Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness; (Titus 1:1)
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Heb. 5:4• 4And no man taketh this honor unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron. (Heb. 5:4)
separated.
Lev. 20:24‑26• 24But I have said unto you, Ye shall inherit their land, and I will give it unto you to possess it, a land that floweth with milk and honey: I am the Lord your God, which have separated you from other people.
 25Ye shall therefore put difference between clean beasts and unclean, and between unclean fowls and clean: and ye shall not make your souls abominable by beast, or by fowl, or by any manner of living thing that creepeth on the ground, which I have separated from you as unclean.
 26And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the Lord am holy, and have severed you from other people, that ye should be mine. (Lev. 20:24‑26)
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Num. 16:9‑10• 9Seemeth it but a small thing unto you, that the God of Israel hath separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near to himself to do the service of the tabernacle of the Lord, and to stand before the congregation to minister unto them?
 10And he hath brought thee near to him, and all thy brethren the sons of Levi with thee: and seek ye the priesthood also? (Num. 16:9‑10)
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Deut. 10:8• 8At that time the Lord separated the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the covenant of the Lord, to stand before the Lord to minister unto him, and to bless in his name, unto this day. (Deut. 10:8)
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1 Chron. 23:13• 13The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the Lord, to minister unto him, and to bless in his name for ever. (1 Chron. 23:13)
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Isa. 49:1• 1Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The Lord hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name. (Isa. 49:1)
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Jer. 1:5• 5Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations. (Jer. 1:5)
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Acts 13:2‑4• 2As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them.
 3And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.
 4So they, being sent forth by the Holy Ghost, departed unto Seleucia; and from thence they sailed to Cyprus. (Acts 13:2‑4)
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Gal. 1:15• 15But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace, (Gal. 1:15)
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1 Tim. 1:15‑16• 15This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief.
 16Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might show forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting. (1 Tim. 1:15‑16)
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Heb. 7:26• 26For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; (Heb. 7:26)
the gospel.
Rom. 1:9,16• 9For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers;
 16For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. (Rom. 1:9,16)
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Rom. 15:16,29• 16That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost.
 29And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ. (Rom. 15:16,29)
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Rom. 16:25• 25Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, (Rom. 16:25)
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Mark 16:15‑16• 15And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.
 16He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned. (Mark 16:15‑16)
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Luke 2:10‑11• 10And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
 11For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. (Luke 2:10‑11)
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Acts 20:24• 24But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel of the grace of God. (Acts 20:24)
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Eph. 1:13• 13In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise, (Eph. 1:13)
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1 Thess. 2:2• 2But even after that we had suffered before, and were shamefully entreated, as ye know, at Philippi, we were bold in our God to speak unto you the gospel of God with much contention. (1 Thess. 2:2)
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2 Thess. 2:13‑14• 13But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth:
 14Whereunto he called you by our gospel, to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. (2 Thess. 2:13‑14)
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1 Tim. 1:11• 11According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust. (1 Tim. 1:11)
• The Epistle to the Romans is well placed at the head of all the others, as laying the foundations, in a systematic way, of the relations of man with God; reconciling at the same time this universal truth of man’s position, first in responsibility, and secondly in grace, with the special promises made to the Jews. (“ROMANS” by J.N. Darby)
• It is important to see that it always views the Christian as in this world. He is justified and has life in Christ, but is here, and not viewed as risen with Him. (“ROMANS” by J.N. Darby)
• If God had ordained that Paul should accomplish his mission in direct connection with heaven and outside the secular influence of the capital, and if Rome was to be a persecutor of the gospel, that city was not the less Gentile on this account. It belonged to Paul with reference to the gospel. (“Romans 1:1-17” by J.N. Darby)
• The gospel or glad tidings “of God”: the Holy Spirit presents it in its source. It is not that which man ought to be for God, nor yet the means merely by which man can approach Him on His throne. It is the thoughts of God, and His acts, we may add, towards man-His thoughts in goodness, the revelation of Him in Christ His Son. (“Romans 1:1-17” by J.N. Darby)
• The epistle itself develops with divine perfection and fullness how a soul can stand before God in this world, and the grace and righteousness of God, maintaining withal His counsels as to Israel. (“Romans 15:8-16:27” by J.N. Darby)
• The gospel that Paul preached involves far more than that negative side of things. It focuses on what we have been saved for—emphasizing our many blessings in Christ. Understanding the full gospel that Paul preached is essential to having a solid foundation on which to grow spiritually. (“A Prefatory Note” by B. Anstey)
• Paul had reason to believe that the saints in Rome may not have been apprised of the full gospel that he preached—which he calls, “my gospel” (chaps. 2:16; 16:25). Therefore, in this epistle he takes them systematically through the details of the gospel that he announced. His burden was to ground these believers in the foundational truth of the gospel (chap. 1:11). (“The Main Divisions in the Epistle: Romans” by B. Anstey)
• Chapters 1-8—Doctrinal. Chapters 9-11—Dispensational. Chapters 12-15—Devotional. Chapter 16 is a letter of commendation. (“The Main Divisions in the Epistle: Romans” by B. Anstey)
• The Lord does not command anyone to be His bondman-servant; all who have made themselves such have done so of their own volition. This comes as a result of realizing that we have been "bought with a price" (1 Cor. 7:22-23). (“Opening Salutations: Romans 1:1-17” by B. Anstey)
• "Called an apostle" or "an apostle by calling." This means that he received his apostleship the moment he obeyed the call of the gospel and was saved. (“Opening Salutations: Romans 1:1-17” by B. Anstey)
• By saying that the gospel is "of God," Paul was indicating that God is the source of this good news. It all emanates from His heart of love. (“Opening Salutations: Romans 1:1-17” by B. Anstey)

J. N. Darby Translation

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1
Paul, bondman of Jesus Christ, a calledf apostle, separated to God’s glad tidings,

JND Translation Notes

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f
"A called apostle," i.e. an apostle by (divine) calling. Cf. ver. 7 "called saints," and see note there.

W. Kelly Translation

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1
Paul, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, a calleda apostle, set apart unto God’s gospel,

WK Translation Notes

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a
There is no need of supplying any words to "called apostle"; the supply of "to be" rather weakens and falsifies, instead of justly defining the sense. It was for the saints in their call (vs. 7), as for the apostle in his. In neither case was it a birthright, nor was it a human acquirement; but they became, what they were, apostles or saints by calling. It was the call of grace, according to divine purpose, but an actual relationship, which "to be" at least obscures.