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Galatians 2

Gal. 2:12 KJV (With Strong’s)

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12
For
gar (Greek #1063)
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
KJV usage: and, as, because (that), but, even, for, indeed, no doubt, seeing, then, therefore, verily, what, why, yet.
Pronounce: gar
Origin: a primary particle
before
pro (Greek #4253)
"fore", i.e. in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to
KJV usage: above, ago, before, or ever. In the comparative, it retains the same significations.
Pronounce: pro
Origin: a primary preposition
that
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
certain
tis (Greek #5100)
some or any person or object
KJV usage: a (kind of), any (man, thing, thing at all), certain (thing), divers, he (every) man, one (X thing), ought, + partly, some (man, -body, - thing, -what), (+ that no-)thing, what(-soever), X wherewith, whom(-soever), whose(-soever).
Pronounce: tis
Origin: an enclitic indefinite pronoun
came
erchomai (Greek #2064)
middle voice of a primary verb (used only in the present and imperfect tenses, the others being supplied by a kindred (middle voice) ἐλεύθομαι (el-yoo'-thom-ahee), or (active) ἔλθω (el'-tho), which do not otherwise occur) to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
KJV usage: accompany, appear, bring, come, enter, fall out, go, grow, X light, X next, pass, resort, be set.
Pronounce: er'-khom-ahee
from
apo (Greek #575)
"off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
KJV usage: (X here-)after, ago, at, because of, before, by (the space of), for(-th), from, in, (out) of, off, (up-)on(-ce), since, with. In composition (as a prefix) it usually denotes separation, departure, cessation, completion, reversal, etc.
Pronounce: apo'
Origin: a primary particle
James
Iakobos (Greek #2385)
Jacobus, the name of three Israelites
KJV usage: James.
Pronounce: ee-ak'-o-bos
Origin: the same as 2384 Graecized
, he did eat
sunesthio (Greek #4906)
to take food in company with
KJV usage: eat with.
Pronounce: soon-es-thee'-o
Origin: from 4862 and 2068 (including its alternate)
o with
meta (Greek #3326)
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession) with which it is joined; occupying an intermediate position between 575 or 1537 and 1519 or 4314; less intimate than 1722 and less close than 4862)
KJV usage: after(-ward), X that he again, against, among, X and, + follow, hence, hereafter, in, of, (up-)on, + our, X and setting, since, (un-)to, + together, when, with (+ -out). Often used in composition, in substantially the same relations of participation or proximity, and transfer or sequence.
Pronounce: met-ah'
Origin: a primary preposition (often used adverbially)
the Gentiles
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
ethnos (Greek #1484)
a race (as of the same habit), i.e. a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-Jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)
KJV usage: Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
Pronounce: eth'-nos
Origin: probably from 1486
: but
de (Greek #1161)
but, and, etc.
KJV usage: also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
Pronounce: deh
Origin: a primary particle (adversative or continuative)
when
hote (Greek #3753)
at which (thing) too, i.e. when
KJV usage: after (that), as soon as, that, when, while.
Pronounce: hot'-eh
Origin: from 3739 and 5037
they were come
erchomai (Greek #2064)
middle voice of a primary verb (used only in the present and imperfect tenses, the others being supplied by a kindred (middle voice) ἐλεύθομαι (el-yoo'-thom-ahee), or (active) ἔλθω (el'-tho), which do not otherwise occur) to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
KJV usage: accompany, appear, bring, come, enter, fall out, go, grow, X light, X next, pass, resort, be set.
Pronounce: er'-khom-ahee
, he withdrew
hupostello (Greek #5288)
to withhold under (out of sight), i.e. (reflexively) to cower or shrink, (figuratively) to conceal (reserve)
KJV usage: draw (keep) back, shun, withdraw.
Pronounce: hoop-os-tel'-lo
Origin: from 5259 and 4724
and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
separated
aphorizo (Greek #873)
to set off by boundary, i.e. (figuratively) limit, exclude, appoint, etc.
KJV usage: divide, separate, sever.
Pronounce: af-or-id'-zo
Origin: from 575 and 3724
himself
heautou (Greek #1438)
him- (her-, it-, them-, also (in conjunction with the personal pronoun of the other persons) my-, thy-, our-, your-) self (selves), etc.
KJV usage: alone, her (own, -self), (he) himself, his (own), itself, one (to) another, our (thine) own(-selves), + that she had, their (own, own selves), (of) them(-selves), they, thyself, you, your (own, own conceits, own selves, -selves).
Pronounce: heh-ow-too'
Origin: from a reflexive pronoun otherwise obsolete and the genitive case (dative case or accusative case) of 846
, fearing
phobeo (Greek #5399)
to frighten, i.e. (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e. revere
KJV usage: be (+ sore) afraid, fear (exceedingly), reverence.
Pronounce: fob-eh'-o
Origin: from 5401
them which
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
were of
ek (Greek #1537)
or ἐξ (ex) a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; literal or figurative; direct or remote)
KJV usage: after, among, X are, at, betwixt(-yond), by (the means of), exceedingly, (+ abundantly above), for(- th), from (among, forth, up), + grudgingly, + heartily, X heavenly, X hereby, + very highly, in, ...ly, (because, by reason) of, off (from), on, out among (from, of), over, since, X thenceforth, through, X unto, X vehemently, with(-out). Often used in composition, with the same general import; often of completion.
Pronounce: ek
the circumcision
peritome (Greek #4061)
circumcision (the rite, the condition or the people, literally or figuratively)
KJV usage: X circumcised, circumcision.
Pronounce: per-it-om-ay'
Origin: from 4059
.
o
Acts 11:3• 3saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised and hast eaten with them. (Acts 11:3)

More on:

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Circumcision,
Gentiles

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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certain.
Gal. 2:9• 9and recognising the grace given to me, James and Cephas and John, who were conspicuous as being pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship, that *we* should go to the nations, and *they* to the circumcision; (Gal. 2:9)
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Acts 21:18‑25• 18And on the morrow Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders came there.
 19And having saluted them, he related one by one the things which God had wrought among the nations by his ministry.
 20And they having heard it glorified God, and said to him, Thou seest, brother, how many myriads there are of the Jews who have believed, and all are zealous of the law.
 21And they have been informed concerning thee, that thou teachest all the Jews among the nations apostasy from Moses, saying that they should not circumcise their children, nor walk in the customs.
 22What is it then? a multitude must necessarily come together, for they will hear that thou art come.
 23This do therefore that we say to thee: We have four men who have a vow on them;
 24take these and be purified with them, and pay their expenses, that they may have their heads shaved; and all will know that of those things of which they have been informed about thee nothing is true; but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, keeping the law.
 25But concerning those of the nations who have believed, we have written, deciding that they should observe no such thing, only to keep themselves both from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication. (Acts 21:18‑25)
he did.
Acts 10:28• 28And he said to them, *Ye* know how it is unlawful for a Jew to be joined or come to one of a strange race, and to *me* God has shewn to call no man common or unclean. (Acts 10:28)
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Acts 11:3• 3saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised and hast eaten with them. (Acts 11:3)
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Eph. 2:15,19‑22• 15having annulled the enmity in his flesh, the law of commandments in ordinances, that he might form the two in himself into one new man, making peace;
 19So then ye are no longer strangers and foreigners, but ye are fellow-citizens of the saints, and of the household of God,
 20being built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the corner-stone,
 21in whom all the building fitted together increases to a holy temple in the Lord;
 22in whom *ye* also are built together for a habitation of God in the Spirit. (Eph. 2:15,19‑22)
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Eph. 3:6• 6that they who are of the nations should be joint heirs, and a joint body, and joint partakers of his promise in Christ Jesus by the glad tidings; (Eph. 3:6)
he withdrew.
Isa. 65:5• 5who say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the day. (Isa. 65:5)
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Luke 15:2• 2and the Pharisees and the scribes murmured, saying, This man receives sinners and eats with them. (Luke 15:2)
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1 Thess. 5:22• 22hold aloof from every form of wickedness. (1 Thess. 5:22)
fearing.
Prov. 29:25• 25The fear of man bringeth a snare; but whoso putteth his confidence in Jehovah is protected. (Prov. 29:25)
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Isa. 57:11• 11And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast lied, and hast not remembered me, nor taken it to heart? Have not I even of long time held my peace, and thou fearest me not? (Isa. 57:11)
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Matt. 26:69‑75• 69But Peter sat without in the palace-court; and a maid came to him, saying, And *thou* wast with Jesus the Galilaean.
 70But he denied before all, saying, I do not know what thou sayest.
 71And when he had gone out into the entrance, another maid saw him, and says to those there, This man also was with Jesus the Nazaraean.
 72And again he denied with an oath: I do not know the man.
 73And after a little, those who stood there, coming to him, said to Peter, Truly *thou* too art of them, for also thy speech makes thee manifest.
 74Then he began to curse and to swear, I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew.
 75And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, who had said to him, Before the cock crow thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went forth without, and wept bitterly. (Matt. 26:69‑75)
• Why compel Gentiles to live as Jews in order to enjoy full Christian communion, when he, being a Jew, had felt himself free to live as the Gentiles? (“Galatians 1-2” by J.N. Darby)
• The root of Peter's failure, as so often with ourselves, was the vanity of the flesh that wanted to stand well with the opinion of others. He feared that he would lose his reputation with those "which were of the circumcision". This fear led him to dissemble and take a crooked path. (“Galatians 2” by H. Smith)

J. N. Darby Translation

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12
for before that certain came from James, he ate with those of the nations; but when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing those of the circumcision;

W. Kelly Translation

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12
for before that certain came from James, he ate with the nations; but when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, being afraid of those of the circumcision;