Hebrew

Boyd’s Bible Dictionary:

Written probably by Paul, from Rome, A

D. 62 or 63, to overcome Hebrew favoritism for the old law.

Concise Bible Dictionary:

Designation of Abraham and of his descendants. The name is first met with when Lot had been carried away prisoner, one came and told Abram “the Hebrew” (Gen. 14:13¹³And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. (Genesis 14:13)). Hence it is applied to Abraham’s descendants through Isaac and Jacob in distinction to the name of Israelites (from the name of Israel given to Jacob), which is their covenant name, the name of promise. It may be remarked how Saul king of Israel had lost the sense of this when he said “Let the Hebrews hear” (1 Sam. 13:3³And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear. (1 Samuel 13:3)).

The term occurs in the New Testament only in Acts 6:1¹And in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration. (Acts 6:1) to distinguish the Greek-speaking Jews from those of Palestine, and in 2 Corinthians 11:22²²Are they Hebrews? so am I. Are they Israelites? so am I. Are they the seed of Abraham? so am I. (2 Corinthians 11:22) and Philippians 3:5⁵Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee; (Philippians 3:5) concerning the ancestors of Paul, wherein, to meet the caviling of the Judaizing teachers, he calls himself a Hebrew of the Hebrews, one who had descended without any Gentile or proselyte blood.

It is not very clear why Abraham was called a Hebrew. It is generally supposed to be derived from his ancestor Eber or Heber; but it will be seen from Genesis 11:17-26¹⁷And Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters. ¹⁸And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu: ¹⁹And Peleg lived after he begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters. ²⁰And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug: ²¹And Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters. ²²And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor: ²³And Serug lived after he begat Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and daughters. ²⁴And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah: ²⁵And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters. ²⁶And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran. (Genesis 11:17‑26) that there were five generations between Eber and Abraham, so by this derivation many others might have been called Hebrews. Genesis 10:2²The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. (Genesis 10:2)1 Says that Shem was “the father of all the children of Eber.” This shows that the Hebrews were Shemites, but many other tribes were “Shemites” that could not be called Hebrews. In scripture the name is not applied to any except to Abraham and his descendants, and only to those who descended through Isaac and Jacob, to the exclusion of the children of Ishmael and Esau. So that there must be some other reason for the name and for its being thus restricted.

The root of the word is “to pass over,” as when one passes over a river, or from one region to another. Abraham was bidden to leave his country and his kindred and to go into the land of Canaan, and the word Hebrew is not employed until Abraham had left his country and was in the land of Canaan (Gen. 14:13¹³And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. (Genesis 14:13)). When there he was a “sojourner,” in a strange country, dwelling in tents (Heb. 11:9⁹By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise: (Hebrews 11:9)). The name was therefore characteristic, and the people of the land could go to Abraham the “sojourner” and tell him that Lot had been taken prisoner. Joseph when in Egypt said he had been stolen from “the land of the Hebrews” (Gen. 40:15¹⁵For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon. (Genesis 40:15)). The above characteristic was doubtless subsequently lost, and nothing seen in it but the natural descent from Abraham through Isaac and Jacob; the same persons being mostly called Israelites. The descendants of Ishmael and Esau were not sojourners in the promised land, but wandered whither they would. The name Hebrew does not occur in the Old Testament after 1 Samuel except in Jeremiah 34:9,14⁹That every man should let his manservant, and every man his maidservant, being an Hebrew or an Hebrewess, go free; that none should serve himself of them, to wit, of a Jew his brother. (Jeremiah 34:9)
¹⁴At the end of seven years let ye go every man his brother an Hebrew, which hath been sold unto thee; and when he hath served thee six years, thou shalt let him go free from thee: but your fathers hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear. (Jeremiah 34:14) and once in Jonah 1:9⁹And he said unto them, I am an Hebrew; and I fear the Lord, the God of heaven, which hath made the sea and the dry land. (Jonah 1:9).

Strong’s Dictionary of Greek Words:

Number:

1444 (find all occurrences in KJV Bible)

Greek:

Ἑβραϊκός

Transliteration:

Hebraikos

Phonic:

heb-rah-ee-kos’

Meaning:

from 1443; Hebraic or the Jewish language

KJV Usage:

Hebrew