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James 4

James 4:9 KJV (With Strong’s)

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9
Be afflicted
talaiporeo (Greek #5003)
to be wretched, i.e. realize one's own misery
KJV usage: be afflicted.
Pronounce: tal-ahee-po-reh'-o
Origin: from 5005
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
mourn
pentheo (Greek #3996)
to grieve (the feeling or the act)
KJV usage: mourn, (be-)wail.
Pronounce: pen-theh'-o
Origin: from 3997
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
weep
klaio (Greek #2799)
to sob, i.e. wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
KJV usage: bewail, weep.
Pronounce: klah'-yo
Origin: of uncertain affinity
: let
metastrepho (Greek #3344)
to turn across, i.e. transmute or (figuratively) corrupt
KJV usage: pervert, turn.
Pronounce: met-as-tref'-o
Origin: from 3326 and 4762
your
humon (Greek #5216)
of (from or concerning) you
KJV usage: ye, you, your (own, -selves).
Pronounce: hoo-mone'
Origin: genitive case of 5210
laughter
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
gelos (Greek #1071)
laughter (as a mark of gratification)
KJV usage: laughter.
Pronounce: ghel'-os
Origin: from 1070
be turned
metastrepho (Greek #3344)
to turn across, i.e. transmute or (figuratively) corrupt
KJV usage: pervert, turn.
Pronounce: met-as-tref'-o
Origin: from 3326 and 4762
to
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
mourning
penthos (Greek #3997)
grief
KJV usage: mourning, sorrow.
Pronounce: pen'-thos
Origin: strengthened from the alternate of 3958
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
your joy
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
chara (Greek #5479)
cheerfulness, i.e. calm delight
KJV usage: gladness, X greatly, (X be exceeding) joy(-ful, -fully, -fulness, -ous).
Pronounce: khar-ah'
Origin: from 5463
to
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
heaviness
katepheia (Greek #2726)
demureness, i.e. (by implication) sadness
KJV usage: heaviness.
Pronounce: kat-ay'-fi-ah
Origin: from a compound of 2596 and perhaps a derivative of the base of 5316 (meaning downcast in look)
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More on:

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Mourning

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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afflicted.
James 5:1‑2• 1Go to now, ye rich, weep, howling over your miseries that are coming upon you.
 2Your wealth is become rotten, and your garments moth-eaten. (James 5:1‑2)
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Psa. 119:67,71,136• 67Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now I keep thy *word.
 71It is good for me that I have been afflicted, that I might learn thy statutes.
 136Mine eyes run down with streams of water, because they keep not thy law. (Psa. 119:67,71,136)
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Psa. 126:5‑6• 5They that sow in tears shall reap with rejoicing:
 6He goeth forth and weepeth, bearing seed for scattering; he cometh again with rejoicing, bearing his sheaves. (Psa. 126:5‑6)
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Eccl. 7:2‑5• 2It is better to go to the house of mourning than to go to the house of feasting: in that that is the end of all men, and the living taketh it to heart.
 3Vexation is better than laughter; for by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better.
 4The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning, but the heart of fools in the house of mirth.
 5It is better for a man to hear the rebuke of the wise, than to hear the song of fools. (Eccl. 7:2‑5)
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Isa. 22:12‑13• 12And in that day did the Lord Jehovah of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth;
 13and behold joy and rejoicing, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine:--Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die. (Isa. 22:12‑13)
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Jer. 31:9,13,18‑20• 9They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them; I will cause them to walk by water-brooks, in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble; for I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
 13Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and old together; for I will turn their mourning into gladness, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice after their sorrow.
 18I have indeed heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus: Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised as a bullock not trained: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art Jehovah my God.
 19Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after I knew myself, I smote upon my thigh. I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, for I bear the reproach of my youth.
 20Is Ephraim a dear son unto me? is he a child of delights? For whilst I have been speaking against him, I do constantly remember him still. Therefore my bowels are troubled for him: I will certainly have mercy upon him, saith Jehovah. (Jer. 31:9,13,18‑20)
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Ezek. 7:16• 16And they that escape of them shall escape, and shall be on the mountains like doves of the valleys, all of them moaning, every one for his iniquity. (Ezek. 7:16)
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Ezek. 16:63• 63that thou mayest remember, and be ashamed, and no more open thy mouth because of thy confusion, when I forgive thee all that thou hast done, saith the Lord Jehovah. (Ezek. 16:63)
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Zech. 12:10‑14• 10And I will pour upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem the spirit of grace and of supplications; and they shall look on me whom they pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for an only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.
 11In that day shall there be a great mourning in Jerusalem, as the mourning of Hadad-rimmon in the valley of Megiddon.
 12And the land shall mourn, every family apart: the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house of Nathan apart, and their wives apart;
 13the family of the house of Levi apart, and their wives apart; the family of Shimei apart, and their wives apart;
 14all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart. (Zech. 12:10‑14)
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Matt. 5:4• 4Blessed they that mourn, for *they* shall be comforted. (Matt. 5:4)
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Luke 6:21• 21Blessed ye that hunger now, for ye shall be filled. Blessed ye that weep now, for ye shall laugh. (Luke 6:21)
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2 Cor. 7:10‑11• 10For grief according to God works repentance to salvation, never to be regretted; but the grief of the world works death.
 11For, behold, this same thing, your being grieved according to God, how much diligence it wrought in *you*, but what excusing of yourselves, but what indignation, but what fear, but what ardent desire, but what zeal, but what vengeance: in every way ye have proved yourselves to be pure in the matter. (2 Cor. 7:10‑11)
let.
Job 30:31• 31My harp also is turned to mourning, and my pipe into the voice of weepers. (Job 30:31)
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Prov. 14:13• 13Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, and the end of mirth is sadness. (Prov. 14:13)
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Eccl. 2:2• 2I said of laughter, Madness! and of mirth, What availeth it? (Eccl. 2:2)
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Eccl. 7:6• 6For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool. This also is vanity. (Eccl. 7:6)
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Lam. 5:15• 15The joy of our heart hath ceased; our dance is turned into mourning. (Lam. 5:15)
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Luke 6:25• 25Woe to you that are filled, for ye shall hunger. Woe to you who laugh now, for ye shall mourn and weep. (Luke 6:25)
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Luke 16:25• 25But Abraham said, Child, recollect that *thou* hast fully received thy good things in thy lifetime, and likewise Lazarus evil things. But now he is comforted here, and *thou* art in suffering. (Luke 16:25)
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Rev. 18:7‑8• 7So much as she has glorified herself and lived luxuriously, so much torment and grief give to her. Because she says in her heart, I sit a queen, and I am not a widow; and I shall in no wise see grief:
 8for this reason in one day shall her plagues come, death and grief and famine, and she shall be burnt with fire; for strong is the Lord God who has judged her. (Rev. 18:7‑8)
• the hollow laughter of the professing religious world, and its false joys by which it deludes itself and seeks some relief from its miseries, will lead the heart that is touched by grace to mourn and weep. (“The Evil of the Flesh: James 3-4” by H. Smith)
• Do we sometimes feel as though it were impossible for us to draw near to Him? These verses then will explain matters for us and show us the way. The only road into the Divine presence that is available for us is that of purification, within as well as without, of repentance. (“James 3” by F.B. Hole)

J. N. Darby Translation

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9
Be wretcheda, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.

JND Translation Notes

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a
"Have it done," not "be doing it"; the aorist tense. All the imperatives (ten) from vers. 7 to 10 are in the aorist.

W. Kelly Translation

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9
Sorrowa, and mourn, and weep; let your laughter be turned unto mourning, and [your] joy unto heaviness.

WK Translation Notes

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a
Have the Revisers done well in adhering to "Be afflicted"? Surely "Be miserable" would be more in keeping with their own version of {vi 28008}{/vi}, and our next chapter, 5:1, as well as with the deeper expression of wretchedness in the word. See note to 4:7.