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Judgment-Seat
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Concise Bible Dictionary
:
A place attached to the
judgment
-hall, where judgment was pronounced, speeches delivered, and so forth. It was on the
βημα
that Herod sat, when he made his oration (
Matt. 27:19
19
When he was set down on the judgment seat, his wife sent unto him, saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just man: for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him. (Matthew 27:19)
;
John 19:13
13
When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha. (John 19:13)
;
Acts 12:21
21
And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them. (Acts 12:21)
;
Acts 18:12-17
12
And when Gallio was the deputy of Achaia, the Jews made insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the judgment seat,
13
Saying, This fellow persuadeth men to worship God contrary to the law.
14
And when Paul was now about to open his mouth, Gallio said unto the Jews, If it were a matter of wrong or wicked lewdness, O ye Jews, reason would that I should bear with you:
15
But if it be a question of words and names, and of your law, look ye to it; for I will be no judge of such matters.
16
And he drave them from the judgment seat.
17
Then all the Greeks took Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat. And Gallio cared for none of those things. (Acts 18:12‑17)
;
Acts 25:6-17
6
And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought.
7
And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.
8
While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended any thing at all.
9
But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?
10
Then said Paul, I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.
11
For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.
12
Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go.
13
And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Caesarea to salute Festus.
14
And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:
15
About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.
16
To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.
17
Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth. (Acts 25:6‑17)
). The floor of this place was doubtless of tesselated
stones
, which accounts for its being called the
PAVEMENT
in
John 19:13
13
When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha. (John 19:13)
. In the
Hebrew
it was called
GABBATHA
, which signifies elevated or raised platform. In
James 2:6
6
But ye have despised the poor. Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats? (James 2:6)
the word
is
κριτήριον
. (For the judgment-seat of Christ, see JUDGMENT, No. 3.)
From
Manners and Customs of the Bible
:
1 Samuel 1:9
9
So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat by a post of the temple of the Lord. (1 Samuel 1:9)
. Now
Eli
the
priest
sat upon a seat by a post of
the temple
of the
Lord
.
In some parts of the
East
a seat is placed in the court-yard, where the
master
of the
house
may sit and give
judgment
on all domestic affairs. This seat is usually placed in some shady part of the court, against a wall or column. Thus in the text, Eli “sat upon a seat by a post.” So
David
sat upon a seat by the wall (
1 Sam. 20:25
25
And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty. (1 Samuel 20:25)
). These seats probably had no backs, and were therefore placed near the post or wall for support. Thus we are told that Eli fell backward from his seat at the
gate
and died (
1 Sam. 4:18
18
And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck brake, and he died: for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years. (1 Samuel 4:18)
). The
Assyrian
monuments
have many representations of such backless seats.
Related Books and Articles:
248. The Seat of Judgment
From:
Manners and Customs of the Bible
By:
James M. Freeman
Judgment Seat of Christ (Believers): June 2008
Call: 1-630-543-1441
“Study to show thyself approved unto God, … rightly dividing the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15).
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