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Boyd’s Bible Dictionary
:
(
God
-given). (1) A Levite (
Judg. 17:7-13; 18
7
And there was a young man out of Bethlehem-judah of the family of Judah, who was a Levite, and he sojourned there.
8
And the man departed out of the city from Bethlehem-judah to sojourn where he could find a place: and he came to mount Ephraim to the house of Micah, as he journeyed.
9
And Micah said unto him, Whence comest thou? And he said unto him, I am a Levite of Bethlehem-judah, and I go to sojourn where I may find a place.
10
And Micah said unto him, Dwell with me, and be unto me a father and a priest, and I will give thee ten shekels of silver by the year, and a suit of apparel, and thy victuals. So the Levite went in.
11
And the Levite was content to dwell with the man; and the young man was unto him as one of his sons.
12
And Micah consecrated the Levite; and the young man became his priest, and was in the house of Micah.
13
Then said Micah, Now know I that the Lord will do me good, seeing I have a Levite to my priest. (Judges 17:7‑13)
). (2) Eldest
son
of
Saul
, and friend of
David
(
1 Sam. 13:2-3; 18:1-4; 19:1-7; 20
2
Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Beth-el, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.
3
And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear. (1 Samuel 13:2‑3)
1
And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
2
And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father's house.
3
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
4
And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle. (1 Samuel 18:1‑4)
1
And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.
2
But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself:
3
And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee.
4
And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good:
5
For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?
6
And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, As the Lord liveth, he shall not be slain.
7
And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past. (1 Samuel 19:1‑7)
). Fell in battle of
Gilboa
. David’s lament (
2 Sam. 1:17-27
17
And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son:
18
(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.)
19
The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen!
20
Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
21
Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.
22
From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.
23
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.
24
Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel.
25
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places.
26
I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.
27
How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished! (2 Samuel 1:17‑27)
). (3) Others (
2 Sam. 15:27,36; 21:20-21; 23:32
27
The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art not thou a seer? return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar. (2 Samuel 15:27)
36
Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz Zadok's son, and Jonathan Abiathar's son; and by them ye shall send unto me every thing that ye can hear. (2 Samuel 15:36)
20
And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant.
21
And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea the brother of David slew him. (2 Samuel 21:20‑21)
32
Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan, (2 Samuel 23:32)
;
1 Chron. 2:32-33; 27:32
32
And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children.
33
And the sons of Jonathan; Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. (1 Chronicles 2:32‑33)
32
Also Jonathan David's uncle was a counsellor, a wise man, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons: (1 Chronicles 27:32)
;
Ezra 8:6; 10:15
6
Of the sons also of Adin; Ebed the son of Jonathan, and with him fifty males. (Ezra 8:6)
15
Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. (Ezra 10:15)
;
Neh. 12:11,14,35
11
And Joiada begat Jonathan, and Jonathan begat Jaddua. (Nehemiah 12:11)
14
Of Melicu, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph; (Nehemiah 12:14)
35
And certain of the priests' sons with trumpets; namely, Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Michaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph: (Nehemiah 12:35)
;
Jer. 37:15,20; 40:8
15
Wherefore the princes were wroth with Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe: for they had made that the prison. (Jeremiah 37:15)
20
Therefore hear now, I pray thee, O my lord the king: let my supplication, I pray thee, be accepted before thee; that thou cause me not to return to the house of Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there. (Jeremiah 37:20)
8
Then they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men. (Jeremiah 40:8)
).
Concise Bible Dictionary
:
1.
Son
of
Gershom
and grandson of
Moses
or
Manasseh
. Though only a Levite he acted as
priest
in the
house
of
Micah
, who had a
graven
image
, an
ephod
, and
teraphim
. He afterward became priest to the tribe of
Dan
. He inquired of the
Lord
for them, and gave a reply as if
God
had answered him (
Judg. 17:7-13
7
And there was a young man out of Bethlehem-judah of the family of Judah, who was a Levite, and he sojourned there.
8
And the man departed out of the city from Bethlehem-judah to sojourn where he could find a place: and he came to mount Ephraim to the house of Micah, as he journeyed.
9
And Micah said unto him, Whence comest thou? And he said unto him, I am a Levite of Bethlehem-judah, and I go to sojourn where I may find a place.
10
And Micah said unto him, Dwell with me, and be unto me a father and a priest, and I will give thee ten shekels of silver by the year, and a suit of apparel, and thy victuals. So the Levite went in.
11
And the Levite was content to dwell with the man; and the young man was unto him as one of his sons.
12
And Micah consecrated the Levite; and the young man became his priest, and was in the house of Micah.
13
Then said Micah, Now know I that the Lord will do me good, seeing I have a Levite to my priest. (Judges 17:7‑13)
;
Judg. 18:1-30
1
In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.
2
And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.
3
When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?
4
And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.
5
And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.
6
And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the Lord is your way wherein ye go.
7
Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man.
8
And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?
9
And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.
10
When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.
11
And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war.
12
And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjath-jearim.
13
And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.
14
Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.
15
And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him.
16
And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.
17
And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.
18
And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?
19
And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?
20
And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.
21
So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.
22
And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.
23
And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?
24
And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?
25
And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.
26
And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.
27
And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.
28
And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.
29
And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.
30
And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land. (Judges 18:1‑30)
). He was called “a young
man
out of
Beth
-lehem-
judah
, of the family of Judah.” This may mean that he had merely resided there. Bethlehem was not a Levitical city. He had been sojourning where he could in those troublous
times
.
2.
Son of
Saul
and friend of
David
. Jonathan was a valiant man, and a man of
faith
. He slew the
garrison
of the
Philistines
in
Geba
(
1 Sam. 13:2-3
2
Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Beth-el, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.
3
And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear. (1 Samuel 13:2‑3)
). This caused the Philistines to gather together their armies; and Jonathan went secretly and alone with his
armor
-bearer, but in reliance on the Lord, up to their garrison, and the Philistines were smitten. But Jonathan, in pursuing them, tasted a little wild
honey
, not knowing that his
father
had pronounced a curse upon any that should taste food until
evening
. Desiring to follow up the victory, Saul inquired of God but received no reply, therefore lots were cast to discover why God would not answer—the
lot
fell on Jonathan and his father said he must die; but the
army
rescued him (
1 Sam. 14:1-46
1
Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armor, Come, and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side. But he told not his father.
2
And Saul tarried in the uttermost part of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people that were with him were about six hundred men;
3
And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I-chabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord's priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.
4
And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
5
The forefront of the one was situate northward over against Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah.
6
And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armor, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the Lord will work for us: for there is no restraint to the Lord to save by many or by few.
7
And his armorbearer said unto him, Do all that is in thine heart: turn thee; behold, I am with thee according to thy heart.
8
Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and we will discover ourselves unto them.
9
If they say thus unto us, Tarry until we come to you; then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up unto them.
10
But if they say thus, Come up unto us; then we will go up: for the Lord hath delivered them into our hand: and this shall be a sign unto us.
11
And both of them discovered themselves unto the garrison of the Philistines: and the Philistines said, Behold, the Hebrews come forth out of the holes where they had hid themselves.
12
And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armorbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will show you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armorbearer, Come up after me: for the Lord hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.
13
And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armorbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armorbearer slew after him.
14
And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armorbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.
15
And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all the people: the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled, and the earth quaked: so it was a very great trembling.
16
And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went on beating down one another.
17
Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, Jonathan and his armorbearer were not there.
18
And Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the ark of God. For the ark of God was at that time with the children of Israel.
19
And it came to pass, while Saul talked unto the priest, that the noise that was in the host of the Philistines went on and increased: and Saul said unto the priest, Withdraw thine hand.
20
And Saul and all the people that were with him assembled themselves, and they came to the battle: and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture.
21
Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.
22
Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.
23
So the Lord saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Beth-aven.
24
And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.
25
And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey upon the ground.
26
And when the people were come into the wood, behold, the honey dropped; but no man put his hand to his mouth: for the people feared the oath.
27
But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened.
28
Then answered one of the people, and said, Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food this day. And the people were faint.
29
Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey.
30
How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines?
31
And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint.
32
And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood.
33
Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the Lord, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day.
34
And Saul said, Disperse yourselves among the people, and say unto them, Bring me hither every man his ox, and every man his sheep, and slay them here, and eat; and sin not against the Lord in eating with the blood. And all the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and slew them there.
35
And Saul built an altar unto the Lord: the same was the first altar that he built unto the Lord.
36
And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and spoil them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of them. And they said, Do whatsoever seemeth good unto thee. Then said the priest, Let us draw near hither unto God.
37
And Saul asked counsel of God, Shall I go down after the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into the hand of Israel? But he answered him not that day.
38
And Saul said, Draw ye near hither, all the chief of the people: and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.
39
For, as the Lord liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But there was not a man among all the people that answered him.
40
Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee.
41
Therefore Saul said unto the Lord God of Israel, Give a perfect lot. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped.
42
And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken.
43
Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And Jonathan told him, and said, I did but taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die.
44
And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan.
45
And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the Lord liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not.
46
Then Saul went up from following the Philistines: and the Philistines went to their own place. (1 Samuel 14:1‑46)
).
On David’s slaying
Goliath
, Jonathan made a
covenant
with him because he “loved him as his own
soul
,” and gave to David his
robe
and his weapons (
1 Sam. 18:1-4
1
And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
2
And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father's house.
3
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
4
And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle. (1 Samuel 18:1‑4)
). He afterward sheltered David from the malice of Saul, and gave proof of his love in that, though he was
heir
to the
throne
, he agreed that David should be king, and he would be next to him (
1 Sam. 19:1-7
1
And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.
2
But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself:
3
And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee.
4
And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good:
5
For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?
6
And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, As the Lord liveth, he shall not be slain.
7
And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past. (1 Samuel 19:1‑7)
;
1 Sam. 20:1-42
1
And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?
2
And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will show it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so.
3
And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.
4
Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.
5
And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.
6
If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.
7
If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him.
8
Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the Lord with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father?
9
And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?
10
Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?
11
And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.
12
And Jonathan said unto David, O Lord God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and show it thee;
13
The Lord do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will show it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the Lord be with thee, as he hath been with my father.
14
And thou shalt not only while yet I live show me the kindness of the Lord, that I die not:
15
But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the Lord hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth.
16
So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the Lord even require it at the hand of David's enemies.
17
And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
18
Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.
19
And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel.
20
And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark.
21
And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the Lord liveth.
22
But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the Lord hath sent thee away.
23
And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the Lord be between thee and me for ever.
24
So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat.
25
And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty.
26
Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean.
27
And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?
28
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:
29
And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favor in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table.
30
Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?
31
For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die.
32
And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?
33
And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.
34
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
35
And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.
36
And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
37
And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?
38
And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
39
But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
40
And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.
41
And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.
42
And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, The Lord be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city. (1 Samuel 20:1‑42)
;
1 Sam. 23:16-18
16
And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.
17
And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.
18
And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house. (1 Samuel 23:16‑18)
). Nevertheless Jonathan remained with his father, rather than with the one who was anointed by God to be His king, and with his father he perished. In this he was a
type
of the future
remnant
, who, having left the true David, will go through the
tribulation
(
1 Sam. 31:2
2
And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi-shua, Saul's sons. (1 Samuel 31:2)
).
3.
Son of
Abiathar
the
high priest
(
2 Sam. 15:27,36
27
The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art not thou a seer? return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar. (2 Samuel 15:27)
36
Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz Zadok's son, and Jonathan Abiathar's son; and by them ye shall send unto me every thing that ye can hear. (2 Samuel 15:36)
;
2 Sam. 17:17,20
17
Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; for they might not be seen to come into the city: and a wench went and told them; and they went and told king David. (2 Samuel 17:17)
20
And when Absalom's servants came to the woman to the house, they said, Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, They be gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem. (2 Samuel 17:20)
;
1 Kings 1:42-43
42
And while he yet spake, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came: and Adonijah said unto him, Come in; for thou art a valiant man, and bringest good tidings.
43
And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king. (1 Kings 1:42‑43)
).
4.
Son of
Shimeah
, David’s
brother
. He killed the
giant
who had
twelve
fingers and twelve toes (
2 Sam. 21:21
21
And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea the brother of David slew him. (2 Samuel 21:21)
;
1 Chron. 20:7
7
But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him. (1 Chronicles 20:7)
).
5-6.
Two of David’s mighty men (
2 Sam. 23:32
32
Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan, (2 Samuel 23:32)
;
1 Chron. 11:34
34
The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite, (1 Chronicles 11:34)
).
7.
Son of
Jada
, a descendant of Judah (
1 Chron. 2:32-33
32
And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children.
33
And the sons of Jonathan; Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. (1 Chronicles 2:32‑33)
).
8.
Uncle of David: his
counselor
and secretary (
1 Chron. 27:32
32
Also Jonathan David's uncle was a counsellor, a wise man, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons: (1 Chronicles 27:32)
).
9.
Ancestor of some who returned from exile (
Ezra 8:6
6
Of the sons also of Adin; Ebed the son of Jonathan, and with him fifty males. (Ezra 8:6)
).
10.
Son of
Asahel
: he superintended the separation of the Jews from their strange wives (
Ezra 10:15
15
Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. (Ezra 10:15)
).
11
. Son of
Joiada
, a priest (
Neh. 12:11
11
And Joiada begat Jonathan, and Jonathan begat Jaddua. (Nehemiah 12:11)
).
12.
Priest “of
Melicu
” (
Neh. 12:14
14
Of Melicu, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph; (Nehemiah 12:14)
).
13.
Son of
Shemaiah
, a priest (
Neh. 12:35
35
And certain of the priests' sons with trumpets; namely, Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Michaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph: (Nehemiah 12:35)
). Apparently called
JEHONATHAN
in
Nehemiah 12:18
18
Of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan; (Nehemiah 12:18)
.
14.
The scribe in whose house
Jeremiah
was imprisoned (
Jer. 37:15,20
15
Wherefore the princes were wroth with Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe: for they had made that the prison. (Jeremiah 37:15)
20
Therefore hear now, I pray thee, O my lord the king: let my supplication, I pray thee, be accepted before thee; that thou cause me not to return to the house of Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there. (Jeremiah 37:20)
;
Jer. 38:26
26
Then thou shalt say unto them, I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan's house, to die there. (Jeremiah 38:26)
).
15.
Son of
Kareah
(
Jer. 40:8
8
Then they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men. (Jeremiah 40:8)
).
Jackson’s
Dictionary of Scripture Proper Names
:
Jehovah is giver
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