Go
Articles on

Galatians 2

Gal. 2:16 KJV (With Strong’s)

+
16
Knowing
eido (Greek #1492)
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent 3700 and 3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know
KJV usage: be aware, behold, X can (+ not tell), consider, (have) know(-ledge), look (on), perceive, see, be sure, tell, understand, wish, wot. Compare 3700.
Pronounce: i'-do
Origin: a primary verb
that
hoti (Greek #3754)
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
KJV usage: as concerning that, as though, because (that), for (that), how (that), (in) that, though, why.
Pronounce: hot'-ee
Origin: neuter of 3748 as conjunction
a man
anthropos (Greek #444)
man-faced, i.e. a human being
KJV usage: certain, man.
Pronounce: anth'-ro-pos
Origin: from 435 and ὤψ (the countenance; from 3700)
c is
dikaioo (Greek #1344)
to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent
KJV usage: free, justify(-ier), be righteous.
Pronounce: dik-ah-yo'-o
Origin: from 1342
not
ou (Greek #3756)
the absolute negative (compare 3361) adverb; no or not
KJV usage: + long, nay, neither, never, no (X man), none, (can-)not, + nothing, + special, un(-worthy), when, + without, + yet but. See also 3364, 3372.
Pronounce: oo
Origin: οὐκ (ook), and (before an aspirate) οὐχ (ookh) a primary word
justified
dikaioo (Greek #1344)
to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent
KJV usage: free, justify(-ier), be righteous.
Pronounce: dik-ah-yo'-o
Origin: from 1342
by
ek (Greek #1537)
or ἐξ (ex) a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; literal or figurative; direct or remote)
KJV usage: after, among, X are, at, betwixt(-yond), by (the means of), exceedingly, (+ abundantly above), for(- th), from (among, forth, up), + grudgingly, + heartily, X heavenly, X hereby, + very highly, in, ...ly, (because, by reason) of, off (from), on, out among (from, of), over, since, X thenceforth, through, X unto, X vehemently, with(-out). Often used in composition, with the same general import; often of completion.
Pronounce: ek
the works
ergon (Greek #2041)
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
KJV usage: deed, doing, labour, work.
Pronounce: er'-gon
Origin: from a primary (but obsolete) ἔργω (to work)
of the law
nomos (Greek #3551)
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle)
KJV usage: law.
Pronounce: nom'-os
Origin: from a primary νέμω (to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals)
, but
ean (Greek #1437)
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
KJV usage: before, but, except, (and) if, (if) so, (what-, whither-)soever, though, when (-soever), whether (or), to whom, (who-)so(-ever). See 3361.
Pronounce: eh-an'
Origin: from 1487 and 302
by
me (Greek #3361)
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas 3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
KJV usage: any but (that), X forbear, + God forbid, + lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not, nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in substantially the same relations. See also 3362, 3363, 3364, 3372, 3373, 3375, 3378.
Pronounce: may
Origin: a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas 3756 expresses an absolute denial)
dia (Greek #1223)
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
KJV usage: after, always, among, at, to avoid, because of (that), briefly, by, for (cause) ... fore, from, in, by occasion of, of, by reason of, for sake, that, thereby, therefore, X though, through(-out), to, wherefore, with (-in). In composition it retains the same general importance.
Pronounce: dee-ah'
Origin: a primary preposition denoting the channel of an act
the faith
pistis (Greek #4102)
persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of God or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon Christ for salvation; abstractly, constancy in such profession; by extension, the system of religious (Gospel) truth itself
KJV usage: assurance, belief, believe, faith, fidelity.
Pronounce: pis'-tis
Origin: from 3982
d of Jesus
Iesous (Greek #2424)
Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
KJV usage: Jesus.
Pronounce: ee-ay-sooce'
Origin: of Hebrew origin (03091)
Christ
Christos (Greek #5547)
anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
KJV usage: Christ.
Pronounce: khris-tos'
Origin: from 5548
, even
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
we
hemeis (Greek #2249)
we (only used when emphatic)
KJV usage: us, we (ourselves).
Pronounce: hay-mice'
Origin: nominative plural of 1473
have believed
pisteuo (Greek #4100)
to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e. credit; by implication, to entrust (especially one's spiritual well-being to Christ)
KJV usage: believe(-r), commit (to trust), put in trust with.
Pronounce: pist-yoo'-o
Origin: from 4102
in
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
Jesus
Iesous (Greek #2424)
Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
KJV usage: Jesus.
Pronounce: ee-ay-sooce'
Origin: of Hebrew origin (03091)
Christ
Christos (Greek #5547)
anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
KJV usage: Christ.
Pronounce: khris-tos'
Origin: from 5548
, that
hina (Greek #2443)
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
KJV usage: albeit, because, to the intent (that), lest, so as, (so) that, (for) to. Compare 3363.
Pronounce: hin'-ah
Origin: probably from the same as the former part of 1438 (through the demonstrative idea; compare 3588)
we might be justified
dikaioo (Greek #1344)
to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent
KJV usage: free, justify(-ier), be righteous.
Pronounce: dik-ah-yo'-o
Origin: from 1342
by
ek (Greek #1537)
or ἐξ (ex) a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; literal or figurative; direct or remote)
KJV usage: after, among, X are, at, betwixt(-yond), by (the means of), exceedingly, (+ abundantly above), for(- th), from (among, forth, up), + grudgingly, + heartily, X heavenly, X hereby, + very highly, in, ...ly, (because, by reason) of, off (from), on, out among (from, of), over, since, X thenceforth, through, X unto, X vehemently, with(-out). Often used in composition, with the same general import; often of completion.
Pronounce: ek
the faith
pistis (Greek #4102)
persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of God or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon Christ for salvation; abstractly, constancy in such profession; by extension, the system of religious (Gospel) truth itself
KJV usage: assurance, belief, believe, faith, fidelity.
Pronounce: pis'-tis
Origin: from 3982
of Christ
Christos (Greek #5547)
anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
KJV usage: Christ.
Pronounce: khris-tos'
Origin: from 5548
, and
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
not
ou (Greek #3756)
the absolute negative (compare 3361) adverb; no or not
KJV usage: + long, nay, neither, never, no (X man), none, (can-)not, + nothing, + special, un(-worthy), when, + without, + yet but. See also 3364, 3372.
Pronounce: oo
Origin: οὐκ (ook), and (before an aspirate) οὐχ (ookh) a primary word
by
ek (Greek #1537)
or ἐξ (ex) a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; literal or figurative; direct or remote)
KJV usage: after, among, X are, at, betwixt(-yond), by (the means of), exceedingly, (+ abundantly above), for(- th), from (among, forth, up), + grudgingly, + heartily, X heavenly, X hereby, + very highly, in, ...ly, (because, by reason) of, off (from), on, out among (from, of), over, since, X thenceforth, through, X unto, X vehemently, with(-out). Often used in composition, with the same general import; often of completion.
Pronounce: ek
the works
ergon (Greek #2041)
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
KJV usage: deed, doing, labour, work.
Pronounce: er'-gon
Origin: from a primary (but obsolete) ἔργω (to work)
of the law
nomos (Greek #3551)
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle)
KJV usage: law.
Pronounce: nom'-os
Origin: from a primary νέμω (to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals)
: for by
dioti (Greek #1360)
on the very account that, or inasmuch as
KJV usage: because (that), for, therefore.
Pronounce: dee-ot'-ee
Origin: from 1223 and 3754
e the works
ergon (Greek #2041)
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
KJV usage: deed, doing, labour, work.
Pronounce: er'-gon
Origin: from a primary (but obsolete) ἔργω (to work)
of
ek (Greek #1537)
or ἐξ (ex) a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; literal or figurative; direct or remote)
KJV usage: after, among, X are, at, betwixt(-yond), by (the means of), exceedingly, (+ abundantly above), for(- th), from (among, forth, up), + grudgingly, + heartily, X heavenly, X hereby, + very highly, in, ...ly, (because, by reason) of, off (from), on, out among (from, of), over, since, X thenceforth, through, X unto, X vehemently, with(-out). Often used in composition, with the same general import; often of completion.
Pronounce: ek
the law
nomos (Greek #3551)
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle)
KJV usage: law.
Pronounce: nom'-os
Origin: from a primary νέμω (to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals)
shall
dikaioo (Greek #1344)
to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent
KJV usage: free, justify(-ier), be righteous.
Pronounce: dik-ah-yo'-o
Origin: from 1342
no
ou (Greek #3756)
the absolute negative (compare 3361) adverb; no or not
KJV usage: + long, nay, neither, never, no (X man), none, (can-)not, + nothing, + special, un(-worthy), when, + without, + yet but. See also 3364, 3372.
Pronounce: oo
Origin: οὐκ (ook), and (before an aspirate) οὐχ (ookh) a primary word
flesh
sarx (Greek #4561)
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e. (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or as the symbol of what is external, or as the means of kindred), or (by implication) human nature (with its frailties (physically or morally) and passions), or (specially), a human being (as such)
KJV usage: carnal(-ly, + -ly minded), flesh(-ly).
Pronounce: sarx
Origin: probably from the base of 4563
be justified
pas (Greek #3956)
apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole
KJV usage: all (manner of, means), alway(-s), any (one), X daily, + ever, every (one, way), as many as, + no(-thing), X thoroughly, whatsoever, whole, whosoever.
Pronounce: pas
Origin: including all the forms of declension
dikaioo (Greek #1344)
to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent
KJV usage: free, justify(-ier), be righteous.
Pronounce: dik-ah-yo'-o
Origin: from 1342
.
c
Acts 13:38‑39• 38Be it known to you therefore [men-] brethren, that through this [Man] remission of sins is preached to you;
 39and from all things from which ye could not in Moses' law be justified, in him every one that believeth is justified. (Acts 13:38‑39)
;
Rom. 3:20• 20Wherefore by works of law no flesh shall be justified before him, for by law [is] knowledge of sin. (Rom. 3:20)
d
Gal. 3:11,24• 11but that in virtue of law none is justified with God [is] evident, for “the just by faith shall
 24So that the law hath been our tutor unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. (Gal. 3:11,24)
;
Rom. 5:1• 1Having then, been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ: (Rom. 5:1)
e
Psa. 143:2•  (Psa. 143:2)
;
Heb. 7:18‑19• 18For there cometh a setting aside of foregoing commandment on account of its weakness and unprofitableness
 19(for the law perfected nothing), and an introduction of a better hope through which we draw near to God. (Heb. 7:18‑19)

More on:

+
Christ,
Faith,
Flesh,
Justification,
Law,
The Lord Jesus

Cross References

+
that.
Gal. 2:19• 19For I, by law, died to law that I may live to God. (Gal. 2:19)
;
Gal. 3:10‑12• 10For as many as are of works of law are under curse; for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who doth not continue in all things that are written in the book of the law, to do them;”
 11but that in virtue of law none is justified with God [is] evident, for “the just by faith shall
 12live;” but the law is not of faith, but he who hath done them shall live in virtue of them. (Gal. 3:10‑12)
;
Gal. 5:4• 4Ye have derived no effect from Christ, whoever are being justified by law; ye have fallen from grace. (Gal. 5:4)
;
Job 9:2‑3,29•  (Job 9:2‑3,29)
;
Job 25:4•  (Job 25:4)
;
Psa. 130:3‑4•  (Psa. 130:3‑4)
;
Luke 10:25‑29• 25And behold, a certain lawyer stood up tempting him, and saying, Teacher, having done that, shall I inherit life eternal?
 26{i}And he said to him,{/i} What is written in the law? how readest thou?
 27But he, answering, said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thine understanding; and thy neighbour as thyself.
 28{i}And he said to him,{/i} Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live.
 29But he, desirous of justifying himself, said to Jesus, And who is my neighbour? (Luke 10:25‑29)
;
Acts 13:38‑39• 38Be it known to you therefore [men-] brethren, that through this [Man] remission of sins is preached to you;
 39and from all things from which ye could not in Moses' law be justified, in him every one that believeth is justified. (Acts 13:38‑39)
;
Rom. 3:19‑20,27‑28• 19Now we know that whatever things the law saith, it speaketh to those that [are] in the law, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world be under judgment with God.
 20Wherefore by works of law no flesh shall be justified before him, for by law [is] knowledge of sin.
 27Where then [is] boasting? It was excluded. Through what law? Of works? No, but through [the] law of faith.
 28We reckon then that a man is justified by faith apart from works of law. (Rom. 3:19‑20,27‑28)
;
Rom. 4:2,13‑15• 2For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath matter whereof to boast, but not before God.
 13For not by law was [the] promise to Abraham or to his seed, that he should be heir of the world, but by righteousness of faith.
 14For if those that are of law [be] heirs, faith is made vain and the promise is annulled.
 15For the law worketh out wrath; but where no law is, [there is] no transgression. (Rom. 4:2,13‑15)
;
Phil. 3:9• 9and be found in him, not having my righteousness that [is] of law, but that [which is] by faith of Christ, the righteousness of God on faith; (Phil. 3:9)
but.
Gal. 3:13‑14,22‑24• 13Christ bought us out of the curse of the law, having become a curse for us, (for it is written, “Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree,”)
 14that unto the nations the blessing of Abraham might come in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.
 22But the scripture hath shut up all things under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to those that believe.
 23But before faith came, we were guarded under law, shut up unto the faith about to be revealed.
 24So that the law hath been our tutor unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. (Gal. 3:13‑14,22‑24)
;
Gal. 4:5• 5that he might buy those under law, that we might receive our sonship. (Gal. 4:5)
;
Rom. 1:17• 17For God's righteousness in it is revealed by faith unto faith, even as it is written, “But the righteous shall live by faith.” (Rom. 1:17)
;
Rom. 3:21‑26,28,30• 21But now apart from law God's righteousness is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets,
 22even God's righteousness through faith in Jesus Christ unto all, and upon all that believe. For there is no difference;
 23for all sinned, and come short of the glory of God,
 24being justified gratuitously by his grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus,
 25whom God set forth as a propitiatory through faith in his blood, for a declaration of his righteousness on account of the praeter-mission of the sins that had been before, in the forbearance of God,
 26with a view to the declaration of his righteousness in the present time, in order to his being just and justifying him that [is] of faith in Jesus.
 28We reckon then that a man is justified by faith apart from works of law.
 30since God [is] one who shall justify [the] circumcision by faith and uncircumcision through faith? (Rom. 3:21‑26,28,30)
;
Rom. 4:5‑6,24‑25• 5but to him that worketh not but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.
 6Just as David also describeth the blessedness of the man to whom God reckoneth righteousness apart from works.
 24but on our account also, to whom it shall be reckoned, to us that believe on him that raised Jesus our Lord out of [the] dead,
 25who was given up on account of our offences and was raised on account of our justification. (Rom. 4:5‑6,24‑25)
;
Rom. 5:1‑2,8‑9• 1Having then, been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ:
 2through whom also we have had the access into this grace wherein we stand, and boast in hope of the glory of God.
 8but God commendeth his own love towards us, because, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
 9Much more then, having been now justified by his blood, we shall be saved by him from wrath. (Rom. 5:1‑2,8‑9)
;
Rom. 8:3,30‑34• 3For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God, having sent his own Son in likeness of flesh of sin and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh,
 30But whom he predetermined, them also he called, and whom he called, them also he justified, and whom he justified, them also he glorified.
 31What then shall we say to these things? If God [be] for us, who against us?
 32He at least that spared not his own Son but gave him up for us all, how shall he not also with him freely grant us all things?
 33Who shall bring a charge against God's elect? [It is] God that justifieth:
 34who is he that condemneth? [It is] Christ that died, yea rather risen too, who is also at [the] right hand of God, who also pleadeth for us: (Rom. 8:3,30‑34)
;
1 Cor. 6:11• 11And these things were some of you. But ye were washed, but ye were sanctified, but ye were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus [Christ] and by the Spirit of our God. (1 Cor. 6:11)
;
2 Cor. 5:19‑21• 19how that it was God in Christ reconciling [the] world to himself, not reckoning to them their offences, and putting in us the word of the reconciliation.
 20For Christ then we are ambassadors, God as it were beseeching by us, we entreat for Christ, Be reconciled to God:
 21him that knew not sin he made sin for us, that we might become God's righteousness in him. (2 Cor. 5:19‑21)
;
Phil. 3:9• 9and be found in him, not having my righteousness that [is] of law, but that [which is] by faith of Christ, the righteousness of God on faith; (Phil. 3:9)
;
Heb. 7:18‑19• 18For there cometh a setting aside of foregoing commandment on account of its weakness and unprofitableness
 19(for the law perfected nothing), and an introduction of a better hope through which we draw near to God. (Heb. 7:18‑19)
we have.
Gal. 2:20• 20With Christ I am crucified, yet I live, no longer I, but Christ liveth in me; but that which I now live in flesh, I live in the faith of the Son of God that loved me and gave himself up for me. (Gal. 2:20)
;
John 6:68‑69• 68Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go away? Thou hast words of life eternal;
 69and we have believed and known that thou art the Holy One of God. (John 6:68‑69)
;
John 20:31• 31but these are written, that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye may have life in his name. (John 20:31)
;
Acts 4:12• 12And in none other is there salvation; for neither is there a different name under heaven that is given among men by which we must be saved. (Acts 4:12)
;
1 Peter 1:2,8‑9,18‑21• 2elect, according to foreknowledge of God [the] Father, in [the] Spirit's sanctification, unto obedience and blood-sprinkling of Jesus Christ: grace to you and peace be multiplied.
 8whom, having not seen, ye love; in whom, though not now seeing but believing, ye exult with joy unspeakable and glorified,
 9receiving the end of your faith, salvation of souls.
 18knowing that not by corruptibles, silver or gold, ye were redeemed, from your vain course ancestrally handed down,
 19but by precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless,
 20foreknown indeed before [the] world's foundation, but manifested at [the] last of the times for your sake,
 21that through him believe on God that raised him out of [the] dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God, (1 Peter 1:2,8‑9,18‑21)
;
1 Peter 2:24• 24who himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness; by whose stripes ye were healed. (1 Peter 2:24)
;
1 Peter 3:18• 18Because even Christ once suffered for sins, just for unjust, that he might bring us to God, put to death indeed in flesh, but made alive in [the] Spirit, (1 Peter 3:18)
;
2 Peter 1:1• 1Simon Peter, bondman and apostle of Jesus Christ to them that obtained like precious faith with us in virtue of [the] righteousness of our God and Saviour Jesus Christ: (2 Peter 1:1)
;
1 John 1:7• 7But if we walk in the light as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus [Christ] his Son cleanseth us from all sin. (1 John 1:7)
;
1 John 2:1‑2• 1My dear children, these things I write to you, that ye may not sin. And if anyone sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ [the] righteous;
 2and he is [the] propitiation for our sins, and not only for ours, but also for the whole world. (1 John 2:1‑2)
;
Rev. 7:9,14• 9After these things I saw, and, behold, a great multitude, which no one could number, out of every nation and tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands;
 14And I said to him, My lord, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they that come out of the great tribulation, and they washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. (Rev. 7:9,14)
for.
Gal. 3:11• 11but that in virtue of law none is justified with God [is] evident, for “the just by faith shall (Gal. 3:11)
;
Psa. 143:2•  (Psa. 143:2)

J. N. Darby Translation

+
16
but knowing that a man is not justified on the principle of works of law nora but by the faith of Jesus Christ, *we* also have believed on Christ Jesus, that we might be justified on the principle of the faith of Christ; and not of works of law; because on the principle of works of law no flesh shall be justified.

JND Translation Notes

+
a
The Greek has the sense of "but," with an exclusive force, which I have endeavoured to render by "nor" in brackets. see Rom. 7.7; 14.14; 1 Cor. 7.17; Gal. 1.7. We may translate perhaps, "but only."

W. Kelly Translation

+
16
knowing that no man is justified by works of law, but by faith of Jesus Christ, even we believed on Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith of Christ and not by works of law; because by works of law shall no flesh be justified.