Los cinco juicios

Narrator: Luiz Genthree

Duration: 11min

La expresión “juicio general”, tan frecuente en la literatura religiosa, no se halla en las Escrituras, y, cosa aún de mayor importancia, la idea que pretende encerrar es igualmente extraña a la Biblia.

Con razón dice el Dr. Pentecost: “Una mala costumbre impulsa al mundo cristiano a hablar del Juicio cual, si fuera un grande acontecimiento que tendrá efecto al fin del mundo, cuando todos los seres humanos, santos, pecadores, judíos y gentiles, los vivos y los muertos, estarán ante el gran trono blanco, para ser juzgados. Nada puede diferir más de la enseñanza de las Escrituras”.

Las Escrituras hablan de cinco juicios, diferentes en cuatro respectos generales:

(1) Con respecto a los sujetos del juicio;

(2) Con respecto al lugar del juicio;

(3) Con respecto al tiempo del juicio;

(4) Con respecto al resultado del juicio.

1. El juicio de los pecados de los creyentes

Los pecados de los creyentes han sido juzgados.

Fecha: 30 d. C.

Lugar: la cruz.

Resultado: la muerte para Cristo, justificación para el creyente.

“Y Él, cargando Su cruz, salió al lugar llamado de la Calavera, y en hebreo, Gólgota; y allí Le crucificaron” (Juan 19:17-18¹⁷And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: ¹⁸Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst. (John 19:17‑18)).

“Quien llevó Él mismo nuestros pecados en Su cuerpo sobre el madero” (1 Pedro 2:24²⁴Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed. (1 Peter 2:24)).

“Porque también Cristo padeció una sola vez por los pecados, el justo por los injustos, para llevarnos a Dios” (1 Pedro 3:18¹⁸For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit: (1 Peter 3:18)).

“Cristo nos redimió de la maldición de la ley, hecho por nosotros maldición (porque está escrito: Maldito todo el que es colgado en un madero)” (Gálatas 3:13¹³Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree: (Galatians 3:13)).

“Al que no conoció pecado, por nosotros Lo hizo pecado, para que nosotros fuésemos hechos justicia de Dios en Él” (2 Corintios 5:21²¹For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. (2 Corinthians 5:21)).

“Pero ahora, en la consumación de los siglos, se presentó una vez para siempre por el sacrificio de Sí mismo para quitar de en medio el pecado” (Hebreos 9:26²⁶For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. (Hebrews 9:26)).

“Habiendo efectuado la purificación de nuestros pecados por medio de Sí mismo” (Hebreos 1:3³Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high; (Hebrews 1:3)).

“Ahora, pues, ninguna condenación hay para los que están en Cristo Jesús” (Romanos 8:1¹There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. (Romans 8:1)).

“De cierto, de cierto os digo: El que oye Mi palabra, y cree al que Me envió, tiene vida eterna; y no vendrá a condenación, mas ha pasado de muerte a vida” (Juan 5:24²⁴Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life. (John 5:24)).

2. El juicio del pecado dentro del creyente

El yo del creyente debe ser juzgado.

Fecha: cualquier momento.

Lugar: cualquier parte.

Resultado: castigo.

“Si, pues, nos examinásemos a nosotros mismos, no seríamos juzgados; mas siendo juzgados, somos castigados por el Señor, para que no seamos condenados con el mundo” (1 Corintios 11:31-32³¹For if we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged. ³²But when we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world. (1 Corinthians 11:31‑32)).

“Si soportáis la disciplina, Dios os trata como a hijos; porque ¿qué hijo es aquel a quien el padre no disciplina?” (Hebreos 12:7⁷If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? (Hebrews 12:7)).

Véanse también 1 Pedro 4:17¹⁷For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of God: and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the gospel of God? (1 Peter 4:17); 1 Corintios 5:5⁵To deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. (1 Corinthians 5:5); 2 Samuel 7:14-15¹⁴I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: ¹⁵But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. (2 Samuel 7:14‑15); 2 Samuel 12:13-14¹³And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the Lord. And Nathan said unto David, The Lord also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die. ¹⁴Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die. (2 Samuel 12:13‑14); 1 Timoteo 1:20²⁰Of whom is Hymeneus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme. (1 Timothy 1:20).

3. El juicio de las obras de los creyentes

Las obras de los creyentes deben ser juzgadas.

Fecha: a la venida de Cristo.

Lugar: “en el aire”.

Resultado: recompensa o pérdida para el creyente, pero salvación.

Es un pensamiento muy solemne que, no obstante haber llevado Cristo nuestros pecados en Su cuerpo sobre el madero, y aunque Dios ha hecho pacto con nosotros y no se acordará más de ellos (Hebreos 10:17¹⁷And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. (Hebrews 10:17)), toda obra debe ser juzgada.

“Por tanto procuramos también, o ausentes o presentes, serle agradables. Porque es necesario que todos nosotros comparezcamos ante el tribunal de Cristo, para que cada uno reciba según lo que haya hecho mientras estaba en el cuerpo, sea bueno o sea malo” (2 Corintios 5:9-10⁹Wherefore we labor, that, whether present or absent, we may be accepted of him. ¹⁰For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad. (2 Corinthians 5:9‑10)).

“Pero tú, ¿por qué juzgas a tu hermano? O tú también, ¿por qué menosprecias a tu hermano? Porque todos compareceremos ante el tribunal de Cristo” (Romanos 14:10¹⁰But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. (Romans 14:10)).

Conviene observar que ambos pasajes están limitados al creyente, cual lo indica el contexto. En el primero, el apóstol se ha dirigido a nosotros considerándonos en uno de dos estados: estando en el cuerpo y ausentes del Señor, o ausentes del cuerpo y presentes con el Señor; y no podría servirse de tal lenguaje con los incrédulos. “Por tanto procuramos también, o ausentes o presentes, serle agradables. Porque es necesario que todos nosotros comparezcamos” etc. (2 Corintios 5:9-10⁹Wherefore we labor, that, whether present or absent, we may be accepted of him. ¹⁰For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad. (2 Corinthians 5:9‑10)).

En el otro pasaje, las palabras “todos” y “hermano” se limitan al creyente. El Espíritu Santo nunca une así a los salvos y los perdidos. Entonces, para que no parezca increíble que un santo redimido pueda entrar en un juicio cualquiera, cita un texto de Isaías para probar que “toda rodilla” se doblará, etc., y añade “de manera que cada uno de nosotros dará a Dios razón de sí”.

El pasaje siguiente da la base del Juicio de las Obras.

“Porque nadie puede poner otro fundamento que el que está puesto, el cual es Jesucristo. Y si sobre este fundamento alguno edificare oro, plata, piedras preciosas, madera, heno, hojarasca, la obra de cada uno se hará manifiesta; porque el día la declarará, pues por el fuego será revelada; y la obra de cada uno cuál sea, el fuego la probará. Si permaneciere la obra de alguno que sobreedificó, recibirá recompensa. Si la obra de alguno se quemare, él sufrirá pérdida, si bien él mismo será salvo, aunque así como por fuego” (1 Corintios 3:11-15¹¹For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ. ¹²Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; ¹³Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is. ¹⁴If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward. ¹⁵If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire. (1 Corinthians 3:11‑15)).

Los textos siguientes fijan el tiempo de ese juicio.

“Porque el Hijo del Hombre vendrá en la gloria de Su Padre con Sus ángeles, y entonces pagará a cada uno conforme a sus obras” (Mateo 16:27²⁷For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works. (Matthew 16:27)).

“Y serás bienaventurado; porque ellos no te pueden recompensar, pero te será recompensado en la resurrección de los justos” (Lucas 14:14¹⁴And thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just. (Luke 14:14); véanse 1 Corintios 15:22-23²²For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. ²³But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming. (1 Corinthians 15:22‑23)).

“Así que, no juzguéis nada antes de tiempo, hasta que venga el Señor, el cual aclarará también lo oculto de las tinieblas, y manifestará las intenciones de los corazones; y entonces cada uno recibirá su alabanza de Dios” (1 Corintios 4:5⁵Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have praise of God. (1 Corinthians 4:5)).

“He aquí Yo vengo pronto, y Mi galardón conmigo, para recompensar a cada uno según sea su obra” (Apocalipsis 22:12¹²And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. (Revelation 22:12)).

“Por lo demás, me está guardada la corona de justicia, la cual me dará el Señor, juez justo, en aquel día” (2 Timoteo 4:8⁸Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing. (2 Timothy 4:8)).

El lugar de ese juicio: 1 Tesalonicenses 4:16-17¹⁶For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: ¹⁷Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. (1 Thessalonians 4:16‑17). Véanse también Mateo 25:24-30²⁴Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed: ²⁵And I was afraid, and went and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, there thou hast that is thine. ²⁶His lord answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strawed: ²⁷Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers, and then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury. ²⁸Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents. ²⁹For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. ³⁰And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. (Matthew 25:24‑30).

4. El juicio de las naciones

Las naciones deben ser juzgadas.

Fecha: a la gloriosa aparición de Cristo (Mateo 25:31-32³¹When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory: ³²And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats: (Matthew 25:31‑32); Mateo 13:40-41⁴⁰As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world. ⁴¹The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; (Matthew 13:40‑41)).

Lugar: el Valle de Josafat (Joel 3:1-2,12-14¹For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem, ²I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land. (Joel 3:1‑2)
¹²Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. ¹³Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great. ¹⁴Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision. (Joel 3:12‑14)).

Resultado: algunos salvados, otros perdidos.

Base: tratamiento de aquellos que Cristo llama “mis hermanos” (Mateo 25:40,45⁴⁰And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. (Matthew 25:40)
⁴⁵Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. (Matthew 25:45); Joel 3:3,6-7³And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they might drink. (Joel 3:3)
⁶The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their border. ⁷Behold, I will raise them out of the place whither ye have sold them, and will return your recompence upon your own head: (Joel 3:6‑7)). Se cree que esos “hermanos” son los judíos que han reconocido a Jesús como su Mesías durante “la gran tribulación” que sigue el rapto de la iglesia y se termina con la gloriosa aparición de nuestro Señor (Mateo 24:21-22²¹For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be. ²²And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened. (Matthew 24:21‑22); Apocalipsis 7:14¹⁴And I said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. (Revelation 7:14); 2 Tesalonicenses 2:3-8³Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; ⁴Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God. ⁵Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told you these things? ⁶And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. ⁷For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. ⁸And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: (2 Thessalonians 2:3‑8)). La prueba es demasiada extensiva para ser aducida aquí. Es, sin embargo, evidente que esos “hermanos” no pueden ser creyentes de esta dispensación pues sería imposible hallar un número considerable de cristianos tan ignorantes que no sepan que los actos de cariño a los creyentes son verdaderamente ministraciones al mismo Jesús.

Resultado: Mateo 25:46⁴⁶And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal. (Matthew 25:46).

Como ese juicio de las naciones vivas es a veces confundido con el del “gran trono blanco” (Apocalipsis 20:11¹¹And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. (Revelation 20:11)), conviene observar los siguientes contrastes entre las dos escenas.

	Naciones Vivas	Gran Trono Blanco
	Ninguna resurrección.	Una resurrección.
	Las naciones vivas juzgadas.	“Los muertos” juzgados.
	En la tierra.	Los cielos y la tierra desaparecieron.
	Ningún libro.	“Libros abiertos”.
	Dos clases: ovejas, cabritos.	Una clase: “los muertos”.
	Fecha: cuando Cristo aparezca.	Cuando Él haya reinado 1000 años.