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Romans 1

Rom. 1:28 KJV (With Strong’s)

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28
And
kai (Greek #2532)
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
KJV usage: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet.
Pronounce: kahee
Origin: apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force
even as
kathos (Greek #2531)
just (or inasmuch) as, that
KJV usage: according to, (according, even) as, how, when.
Pronounce: kath-oce'
Origin: from 2596 and 5613
they did
dokimazo (Greek #1381)
to test (literally or figuratively); by implication, to approve
KJV usage: allow, discern, examine, X like, (ap-)prove, try.
Pronounce: dok-im-ad'-zo
Origin: from 1384
not
ou (Greek #3756)
the absolute negative (compare 3361) adverb; no or not
KJV usage: + long, nay, neither, never, no (X man), none, (can-)not, + nothing, + special, un(-worthy), when, + without, + yet but. See also 3364, 3372.
Pronounce: oo
Origin: οὐκ (ook), and (before an aspirate) οὐχ (ookh) a primary word
like
dokimazo (Greek #1381)
to test (literally or figuratively); by implication, to approve
KJV usage: allow, discern, examine, X like, (ap-)prove, try.
Pronounce: dok-im-ad'-zo
Origin: from 1384
ζto retain
echo (Greek #2192)
(used in certain tenses only) a primary verb; to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or condition)
KJV usage: be (able, X hold, possessed with), accompany, + begin to amend, can(+ -not), X conceive, count, diseased, do + eat, + enjoy, + fear, following, have, hold, keep, + lack, + go to law, lie, + must needs, + of necessity, + need, next, + recover, + reign, + rest, + return, X sick, take for, + tremble, + uncircumcised, use.
Pronounce: ekh'-o
Origin: σχέω (skheh'-o)
God
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
theos (Greek #2316)
a deity, especially (with 3588) the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very
KJV usage: X exceeding, God, god(-ly, -ward).
Pronounce: theh'-os
Origin: of uncertain affinity
in
en (Greek #1722)
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
KJV usage: about, after, against, + almost, X altogether, among, X as, at, before, between, (here-)by (+ all means), for (... sake of), + give self wholly to, (here-)in(-to, -wardly), X mightily, (because) of, (up-)on, (open-)ly, X outwardly, one, X quickly, X shortly, (speedi-)ly, X that, X there(-in, -on), through(-out), (un-)to(-ward), under, when, where(-with), while, with(-in). Often used in compounds, with substantially the same import; rarely with verbs of motion, and then not to indicate direction, except (elliptically) by a separate (and different) preposition.
Pronounce: en
Origin: a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (medially or constructively), i.e. a relation of rest (intermediate between 1519 and 1537)
their knowledge
epignosis (Greek #1922)
recognition, i.e. (by implication) full discernment, acknowledgement
KJV usage: (ac-)knowledge(-ing, - ment).
Pronounce: ep-ig'-no-sis
Origin: from 1921
, God
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
theos (Greek #2316)
a deity, especially (with 3588) the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very
KJV usage: X exceeding, God, god(-ly, -ward).
Pronounce: theh'-os
Origin: of uncertain affinity
gave
paradidomi (Greek #3860)
to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit
KJV usage: betray, bring forth, cast, commit, deliver (up), give (over, up), hazard, put in prison, recommend.
Pronounce: par-ad-id'-o-mee
Origin: from 3844 and 1325
them
autos (Greek #846)
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative 1438) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
KJV usage: her, it(-self), one, the other, (mine) own, said, (self-), the) same, ((him-, my-, thy- )self, (your-)selves, she, that, their(-s), them(-selves), there(-at, - by, -in, -into, -of, -on, -with), they, (these) things, this (man), those, together, very, which. Compare 848.
Pronounce: ow-tos'
Origin: from the particle αὖ (perhaps akin to the base of 109 through the idea of a baffling wind) (backward)
over
paradidomi (Greek #3860)
to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit
KJV usage: betray, bring forth, cast, commit, deliver (up), give (over, up), hazard, put in prison, recommend.
Pronounce: par-ad-id'-o-mee
Origin: from 3844 and 1325
to
eis (Greek #1519)
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
KJV usage: (abundant-)ly, against, among, as, at, (back-)ward, before, by, concerning, + continual, + far more exceeding, for (intent, purpose), fore, + forth, in (among, at, unto, -so much that, -to), to the intent that, + of one mind, + never, of, (up-)on, + perish, + set at one again, (so) that, therefore(-unto), throughout, til, to (be, the end, -ward), (here-)until(-to), ...ward, (where-)fore, with. Often used in composition with the same general import, but only with verbs (etc.) expressing motion (literally or figuratively).
Pronounce: ice
Origin: a primary preposition
θa reprobate
adokimos (Greek #96)
unapproved, i.e. rejected; by implication, worthless (literally or morally)
KJV usage: castaway, rejected, reprobate.
Pronounce: ad-ok'-ee-mos
Origin: from 1 (as a negative particle) and 1384
mind
nous (Greek #3563)
the intellect, i.e. mind (divine or human; in thought, feeling, or will); by implication, meaning
KJV usage: mind, understanding. Compare 5590.
Pronounce: nooce
Origin: probably from the base of 1097
, to do
poieo (Greek #4160)
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
KJV usage: abide, + agree, appoint, X avenge, + band together, be, bear, + bewray, bring (forth), cast out, cause, commit, + content, continue, deal, + without any delay, (would) do(-ing), execute, exercise, fulfil, gain, give, have, hold, X journeying, keep, + lay wait, + lighten the ship, make, X mean, + none of these things move me, observe, ordain, perform, provide, + have purged, purpose, put, + raising up, X secure, shew, X shoot out, spend, take, tarry, + transgress the law, work, yield. Compare 4238.
Pronounce: poy-eh'-o
Origin: apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary
those things
ho (Greek #3588)
the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
KJV usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.
Pronounce: ho
Origin: ἡ (hay), and the neuter τό (to) in all their inflections
which are
katheko (Greek #2520)
to reach to, i.e. (neuter of present active participle, figuratively as adjective) becoming
KJV usage: convenient, fit.
Pronounce: kath-ay'-ko
Origin: from 2596 and 2240
not
me (Greek #3361)
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas 3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
KJV usage: any but (that), X forbear, + God forbid, + lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not, nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in substantially the same relations. See also 3362, 3363, 3364, 3372, 3373, 3375, 3378.
Pronounce: may
Origin: a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas 3756 expresses an absolute denial)
convenient
katheko (Greek #2520)
to reach to, i.e. (neuter of present active participle, figuratively as adjective) becoming
KJV usage: convenient, fit.
Pronounce: kath-ay'-ko
Origin: from 2596 and 2240
;
ζ
or, to acknowledge.
θ
or, a mind void of judgment.

More on:

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God,
Reprobate

Cross References

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Ministry on This Verse

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as they did.
Rom. 1:18,21• 18For there is revealed wrath of God from heaven upon all impiety, and unrighteousness of men holding the truth in unrighteousness.
 21Because, knowing God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but fell into folly in their thoughts, and their heart without understanding was darkened: (Rom. 1:18,21)
;
Job 21:14‑15• 14And they say unto *God, Depart from us, for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways!
 15What is the Almighty that we should serve him? and what are we profited if we pray unto him? (Job 21:14‑15)
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Prov. 1:7,22,29• 7The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of knowledge: fools despise wisdom and instruction.
 22How long, simple ones, will ye love simpleness, and scorners take pleasure in their scorning, and the foolish hate knowledge?
 29Because they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of Jehovah; (Prov. 1:7,22,29)
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Prov. 5:12‑13• 12and thou say, How have I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof!
 13and I have not hearkened unto the voice of my teachers, nor inclined mine ear to those that instructed me; (Prov. 5:12‑13)
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Prov. 17:16• 16To what purpose is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing he hath no sense? (Prov. 17:16)
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Jer. 4:22• 22For my people is foolish, they have not known me; they are sottish children, and they have no intelligence; they are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. (Jer. 4:22)
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Jer. 9:6• 6Thy habitation is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they refuse to know me, saith Jehovah. (Jer. 9:6)
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Hos. 4:6• 6My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge; for thou hast rejected knowledge, and I will reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me; seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I also will forget thy children. (Hos. 4:6)
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Acts 17:23,32• 23for, passing through and beholding your shrines, I found also an altar on which was inscribed, To the unknown God. Whom therefore ye reverence, not knowing him, him I announce to you.
 32And when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked, and some said, We will hear thee again also concerning this. (Acts 17:23,32)
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Rom. 8:7‑8• 7Because the mind of the flesh is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God; for neither indeed can it be:
 8and they that are in flesh cannot please God. (Rom. 8:7‑8)
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1 Cor. 15:34• 34Awake up righteously, and sin not; for some are ignorant of God: I speak to you as a matter of shame. (1 Cor. 15:34)
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2 Cor. 4:4‑6• 4in whom the god of this world has blinded the thoughts of the unbelieving, so that the radiancy of the glad tidings of the glory of the Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine forth for them.
 5For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus Lord, and ourselves your bondmen for Jesus' sake.
 6Because it is the God who spoke that out of darkness light should shine who has shone in our hearts for the shining forth of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. (2 Cor. 4:4‑6)
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2 Cor. 10:5• 5overthrowing reasonings and every high thing that lifts itself up against the knowledge of God, and leading captive every thought into the obedience of the Christ; (2 Cor. 10:5)
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2 Thess. 1:8• 8in flaming fire taking vengeance on those who know not God, and those who do not obey the glad tidings of our Lord Jesus Christ; (2 Thess. 1:8)
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2 Thess. 2:10‑12• 10and in all deceit of unrighteousness to them that perish, because they have not received the love of the truth that they might be saved.
 11And for this reason God sends to them a working of error, that they should believe what is false,
 12that all might be judged who have not believed the truth, but have found pleasure in unrighteousness. (2 Thess. 2:10‑12)
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2 Peter 3:5• 5For this is hidden from them through their own wilfulness, that heavens were of old, and an earth, having its subsistence out of water and in water, by the word of God, (2 Peter 3:5)
retain.
or, acknowledge.
a reprobate mind.
or, a mind voidof judgment.
Jer. 6:30• 30Reprobate silver shall they call them, for Jehovah hath rejected them. (Jer. 6:30)
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2 Cor. 13:5‑7• 5examine your own selves if ye be in the faith; prove your own selves: do ye not recognise yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you, unless indeed ye be reprobates?
 6Now I hope that ye will know that *we* are not reprobates.
 7But we pray to God that ye may do nothing evil; not that *we* may appear approved, but that *ye* may do what is right, and *we* be as reprobates. (2 Cor. 13:5‑7)
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2 Tim. 3:8• 8Now in the same manner in which Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, thus these also withstand the truth; men corrupted in mind, found worthless as regards the faith. (2 Tim. 3:8)
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Titus 1:16• 16They profess to know God, but in works deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and found worthless as to every good work. (Titus 1:16)
not convenient.
Eph. 5:4• 4and filthiness and foolish talking, or jesting, which are not convenient; but rather thanksgiving. (Eph. 5:4)
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Philem. 8• 8Wherefore having much boldness in Christ to enjoin thee what is fitting, (Philem. 8)
• A third consequence of men turning their backs on the knowledge of God in creation is that they began to commit all manner of anti-social sins against their fellow men—violence and injustice, etc. (“The Unrighteousness of Man: Romans 1:18-3:20” by B. Anstey)
• The Heathen Have Gone Away From God in Three Ways —In their theology (sin against God)—idolatry (vss. 21-23). —In their morality (sin against their own bodies)­ homosexuality (vss. 24-27). —In their social life (sin against their fellow men)—violence and corruption (vss. 28-32). (“The Unrighteousness of Man: Romans 1:18-3:20” by B. Anstey)

J. N. Darby Translation

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28
And according as they did not think goodd to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobatee mind to practise unseemly things;

JND Translation Notes

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d
Not "did not like." The word means "to assay, test, prove," and thence "to approve" as Phil. 1.10.
e
Or, as some, "a mind void of moral discernment."

W. Kelly Translation

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28
And even as they disapproveda to have God in acknowledgmentb, God gave them up unto a reprobate mindc to do improper things;

WK Translation Notes

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a
From the word "proving" in the sense of assaying, the word comes to mean "approve," or think good, or choose.
b
Or, "in [their] knowledge."
c
The word is here translated "reprobate," as this well suits the phrase and contrasts their not approving to retain God in their knowledge with His giving them over to a "disapproved" mind. But it may rightly bear an active sense, and would then mean an "undiscerning" mind, as the sentence on their presumption in rejecting God after pretending to test and try the matter.