Dictionary of Biblical Words:
These are found in Dan. 9:2424Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy. (Daniel 9:24), and show in years, instead of days, the duration of time that would elapse ere the transgressions and sins of God’s ancient people should finally be made an end of. This we know will happen when they shall look upon Him whom they have pierced, and mourn at the Lord’s return. Inasmuch as seventy weeks only amount to 490 years, and as over 2,000 have elapsed since the prophecy, some explanation is necessary. This is found in the fact that this prophecy is distinctly Jewish, and solely refers to God’s ancient people. We find in ver. 25 that this period is sub-divided into seven weeks, sixty-two weeks and one week, also that the street and wall should be built in “strait of time,” or in the seven weeks, and that then, after sixty-two weeks, Messiah should be cut off, the end of the sixty-ninth week being marked by the advent of Messiah the Prince. This event probably took place on the day of Christ’s entry into Jerusalem, when the Lord said, “If thou hadst known, oven in this thy day.” It is also found, by accurate calculation, that the sixty-ninth week expired on this very day. Shortly after this, according to ver. 26, Messiah was cut off, but not for Himself. Since that time, Israel has been Loammi, “not my people,” and has been scattered and rejected. Time with the Jews, therefore, is not now counted, God being engaged in calling a heavenly people out of the world to form a bride for Christ. When this is completed, and the Lord has come and fetched His people away to be with Himself, then, and not till then, Daniel’s last week will run its course under the fearful reign of Anti-Christ.
Concise Bible Dictionary:
This period is taken from an important prophecy in Daniel 9:25-2725Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. 26And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. 27And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate. (Daniel 9:25‑27). The seventy weeks are divided into three parts, namely, seven, sixty-two, and one. We shall see in the sequel that “weeks of years” are evidently intended. The first period of seven weeks refers to the building of the street and the wall, or moat, in troublous times, of which times an account is found in the book of Nehemiah. The second period of sixty-two weeks extends to the times of Messiah the Prince, after which He should be cut off and have nothing (margin)—nothing of His Messianic glory. To reconcile with this the dates of history, it must be noticed that these weeks do not date from the commandment to build the temple (which was in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, Ezra 1:11Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, (Ezra 1:1)), but from the commandment to restore and build the city of Jerusalem, which was given in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes (Neh. 2:11And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before him: and I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king. Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence. (Nehemiah 2:1)).
The date commonly given for this is B.C. 445; but Usher gave 455, and Hengstenberg and others contend that this is the true date. Hengstenberg shows in his Christiology how the mistake arose. Vitringa rectified the date, and Kruger, by an independent inquiry, also proved that the old date was wrong. Some hieroglyphic inscriptions in Egypt have shown that Artaxerxes was associated with his father in the twelfth year of the reign of Xerxes, and this information confirms the date given by Usher and others.
We start then from B.C. 455
7 weeks are 49 years
62 weeks are 434 years
Deduct 455 B.C.
28 A.D.
Add 1 year to adjust the eras B.C. and A.D. 1 A.D.
29 A.D.
The year A.D. 29 is the date now commonly given for the crucifixion. It is generally agreed that the Lord lived on the earth thirty-three and a half years, but if He was born B.C. 4, and was crucified A.D. 33 (as given in the AV), He must have lived here 37 or 38 years; hence there must be a discrepancy somewhere. Early Christian writers appealed confidently to a document called “The Acts of Pilate,” which, though now considered spurious as far as Pilate is concerned, must have been an early writing, and this points to the date A.D. 29 for the crucifixion. Clement and Origen place the destruction of Jerusalem as forty-two years after the crucifixion. The destruction was in A.D. 70, which confirms the date of the latter as not later than 29. The definite time may be Christ’s triumphant entry into Jerusalem, about a week before the last passover, agreeing with “Thy King cometh unto thee” in Zechariah 9:99Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass. (Zechariah 9:9).
It is judged however by some that the sixty-nine weeks reach only up to Messiah the Prince as entering on His ministry; after which (indefinitely) He was cut off: and therefore the sixty-nine weeks should end at least three years earlier. This is probably the true view, though it may be impossible now to precisely adjust dates.
This leaves the last week of the seventy. The rest of the prophecy in Daniel 9:2626And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. (Daniel 9:26) agrees with the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, and foretells a determined period of desolation till war against it will end. Then verse 27 takes up the outward circumstances of the last week, which is future, though probably one half of it has been, for faith, fulfilled in the ministry of Christ. The prophecy is concerning Israel; the present period (during which the church is being formed) comes in parenthetically, and occupies no part of the seventy weeks. The last week, in agreement with the above, will occupy a period of seven years.
Daniel 9:26-2726And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. 27And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate. (Daniel 9:26‑27) speak of “the prince that shall come,” who shall confirm a covenant with the many for one week. He will no doubt be the head of the resuscitated Roman Empire: this is confirmed by Revelation 17:9-129And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth. 10And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space. 11And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition. 12And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast. (Revelation 17:9‑12), in speaking of a kingdom that “was, and is not,” and shall come. This head makes a covenant with Israel for seven years, but breaks it in the middle of the week; causes the sacrifice and the oblation to cease; and dire desolation by the Assyrian closes the scene. See ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION. The most momentous events will take place during the latter half of the week, as detailed in the Revelation. This will be a period of three and a half years, and if this interpretation is correct, we might expect to find such a period definitely mentioned. And so it is: the period of three and a half years is pointed out no fewer than seven times, as follows:
Dan. 12:77And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished. (Daniel 12:7); Rev. 12:1414And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. (Revelation 12:14): “time, times, and half a time.”
Thus the half week is given in years, 3½; in months, 42; and in days, 1,260.
As already stated, the church does not appear in the above: it has nothing to do with times and seasons—they belong to Israel and to the earth. The church is heavenly, and its hope is the coming of the Lord according to His promise to present it to Himself, and this He may do at any moment. He said, “Surely I come quickly:” to which the response of the church is, “Even so, come, Lord Jesus.”
Seeing however that the Lord Jesus is referred to in the Seventy Weeks, not only in His being “cut off,” but also in His coming again to subdue His enemies, to bless His ancient people Israel, and to establish His kingdom on earth, it becomes His saints to study such a prophecy as this, and to be assured that nothing can happen to hinder or set aside the purposes of God: all is being ordered, and is hastening on to the time when the Lord Jesus will be acknowledged on earth as King of kings and Lord of lords.
Bible Handbook:
It is an interesting question to consider how the dates assigned to the Seventy Weeks of Daniel (Dan. 9) agree with the date of the crucifixion. The prophecy is divided into 7 weeks, 62 weeks, and 1 week. It is generally agreed that these are weeks of years, and that the whole 70 weeks signify 490 years. The seven weeks doubtless refer to building the ‘street’ and the ‘wall’ of the city. Then, after 62 weeks more, Messiah should be cut off and have nothing (margin), that is, as Messiah. It will be seen that the date for the ‘cutting off’ is not stated definitely; it is after the 69 weeks, without saying how long.
To see how far the dates agree we must ascertain when the weeks began, and also what is the true date of the crucifixion.
The first thing to notice is that the going forth of the commandment is not to build the temple (which was in the first year of Cyrus, king of Persia, Ezra 1:11Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, (Ezra 1:1)), but to build the city of Jerusalem. This command was given in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes (Neh. 2:11And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before him: and I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king. Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence. (Nehemiah 2:1)). The common date given for this is B.C. 446; but Usher gave 455, and Hengstenberg and others contend that this is the true date, entirely irrespective of the Seventy Weeks of Daniel agreeing with the date of the crucifixion. Hengstenberg in his “Christology” shows how the mistake in the date originated. Vitringa rectified the date, and Kruger, by an independent inquiry, also proved the old date was wrong. Some hieroglyphic inscriptions in Egypt have shown that Artaxerxes was associated with his father in the twelfth year of Xerxes’ reign, which is the information required to confirm the date given by Usher and others. We start then from B.C. 455.
7 weeks are - - —49 years
62 weeks are - - —434 ”
483 ”
Deduct B.C. - - —455 ”
28 ”
Add 1 to adjust B.C. and A.D. 1 ”
29 A.D.
We have then to ask, Did the crucifixion, the cutting off of the Messiah, take place in A.D. 29? As the prophecy says after 62 weeks, we might leave the inquiry here, because all agree that the crucifixion was not before this date. But this is the precise date given by many for the crucifixion; which is all the more worthy of notice because they have come to this conclusion apart from the consideration of the Seventy Weeks of Daniel.”
Almost every intelligent Christian believes that our Lord lived on the earth 33 or 33 1/2 years, and yet the dates given in the margin of our Bibles are 4 years B.C. for the birth, and A.D. 33 for the crucifixion, making with one year added, 37 or 38 years. Therefore there must be a mistake somewhere. Early Christian writers confidently appeal to a document called ‘The Acts of Pilate,’ which, though now considered spurious, points to the date A.D. 29 for the crucifixion. With common consent the Latin Fathers relate that the crucifixion was in the year when the two Gemini were consuls. This is also A.D. 29.
Clement and Origen give the destruction of Jerusalem as forty-two years after the crucifixion. The destruction of the city was in A.D. 70, and this also goes to prove that the crucifixion could not have been later than A.D. 29.
From all this evidence it may safely be concluded that the crucifixion took place in the year A.D. 29.
It will be seen that in the above the last week of Daniel’s seventy weeks is not concluded. The prophecy says the Roman prince will make a covenant with the many for one week (the last week), and in the midst of the week he will cause the sacrifice and oblation to cease, and that desolation will close the scene. The time of the church on earth is in no way included in the above or any other recorded dates. It exists as a parenthesis between the end of the 69th week and the commencing of the last week, when the Jews will again come into prominence. We may add that the length of the last half week is mentioned in eight places in Scripture, as follows:
Daniel 12:77And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished. (Daniel 12:7); Rev. 12:14,14And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. (Revelation 12:14) “time, and times, and half a time.”
Revelation 11:2; 13:5, 42 months.
Thus the half-week is stated in years, 3½; in months, 42; and in days, 1260, clearly showing that we are to understand the ‘weeks’ as weeks of years. In Scripture there are a week of days (Ex. 20:1111For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. (Exodus 20:11)); a week of weeks of days (the Passover to Pentecost, Lev. 23:1515And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete: (Leviticus 23:15)); weeks of years (Lev. 25:2-42Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land which I give you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto the Lord. 3Six years thou shalt sow thy field, and six years thou shalt prune thy vineyard, and gather in the fruit thereof; 4But in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbath for the Lord: thou shalt neither sow thy field, nor prune thy vineyard. (Leviticus 25:2‑4)); and weeks of weeks of years (Lev. 25:88And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall be unto thee forty and nine years. (Leviticus 25:8)).
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